[000:00:00;00] it is now left in ukraine. it is someone who is separate and at the same time it should not be forgotten that the interpretation of the church in the slavic language is, in principle, the same as in the moscow principality, where the oprichniks were tough m-m thugs, and in our interpretation of these words, it is in principle the same, and therefore the newcomers are these are also tough enough people at the same time we always forget what they say that there are two ukrainians where there are three ukrainians there are two hetmans and yes it’s not because we are such snobs you know because our nation is military and that’s all we are a military nation we brought up on the border with civilization, the amount of knighthood per ordinary population is obvious in us. i think that it is more than in the most knightly state, that is in slovakia, where 10% was knighthood, and in poland, in some voivodeships, 12-15%. i think that our knighthood

of that time is because of this the peripherality of this frontier, yes, it was much more , that is, we have a militarized nation, its opryshki of our opryshki - this is a consequence of the fact that the new elite came with its squads and all these old families who kept weapons, they simply continue this business, they gave we are the future generation, this is the right to fight, as mazepa wrote, mazepa already has the right in the previous paragraph, our guest asked the question which two major sports events were organized by nazi germany and putin's russia just before the start of the wars they started, and here is the correct answer, we are talking about the 1936 olympics of the year that took place in berlin and about the olympic games in sochi in

2014, let's remember who oleksa dovbush is, he came from a poor peasant family of storekeepers, that is, these are the people who lived in the storeroom they didn't have their own house, they were in fact hired, roughly speaking, that is, they were people who were super dissatisfied with their lives , they had something to rebel against, and oleksa dovbush, he showed by his example, he joined this movement, and how did you, mr. oleksandr , point out that it was movement we can't talk about oleks dovbush somehow separately, it's really such a representation of time and it's very interesting why the people's memory remembered him. that 's how he became a hero in the people's memory. and what you're talking about is that we are a military nation and this is also included here very , very much, as for me, very well, what exactly did the opryshki fight for, you started talking about it, that it was

something else, and not peasant pov, but this is a phenomenon in those territories that you, er, were part of kingdoms of rus then there was a division due to various e-e processes where people remained who were given foreign elites, that's where it all begins . and this process is huge, and dovbush was not just a hero for them. look, you mentioned this fortune telling on weapons to kill him . our indo-european tradition warrior cults that are compared to wolves, it is a pack and it is very difficult to kill such a werewolf dovbush a werewolf let's say it right away, he is fixed as a werewolf, he must be killed as a werewolf, he really became a legend during his lifetime, and it does not matter what his origin is, because for ukrainian terrains, in fact, really if we look like this, the storekeeper and mrs. you, he notes that this is really the poorest of the poor, all their property is

only there, these sheep are near you and that's all. that is, there is no land. you are essentially a slave, but in this the situation in ukrainian m-m, this is our military culture, they said that if your grandfather was rich, you can be a slave, because everything changes all the time, but dovbush somehow has the ability to kill. well, really, let's say that a soldier is someone who knows how to kill . looking into the eyes 99%, it knocks out that you hear them in their last words, the peasants know how to do it. by the way, it is very interesting that we we know exactly from the period 38-45 that these are the most recorded, but it is also difficult to believe that until the age of 38 he was not engaged in anything similar, that is, he still spent and then put listen to something me it i'm bored, i'll go there. well, then i learned somewhere on cats to kill, so all on people, and here 7 years of super-powerful struggle, well, it

will stick too. this story, therefore, i will say that there was a community, and again, it is also possible to tie sprays with sichoviks or other such corporations we all know about nalyvaik's post, for example, in the 16th century, and then he, however , raised his own prince, so this is his servant. well , not a servant, the plan of service. and this is his military servant, this is the leader of his squads, they are somewhere they learned from this, they can kill people, it's a tradition, that's why opryshki, it's a tradition, we can't come out with you now and say everything , we're the newest, a little bit, tomorrow, the it company will make a computer, antonina is engaged in providing the program, that is, it's the same at that time, well, imagine a religious the consciousness of people is such that you can't kill, you pass it, you learn to kill a person with your own hands, they repeat it, you don't just know, it's not what they say , shoot with a gun at that moment, that's

what you mostly saw, that is, he appeared in an already prepared environment, which obviously already existed and was developed before that, what do we know about this movement, how many people it had, how monolithic it was, how it worked inside opryshka in general, the first mention is the end of the 15th century, there is also such the date is 1529, but we are talking about the fact that in the 16th century the opryshki movement was definitely already there, because it was already mentioned in writing. we also understand that something does not get into written mention right away. they start writing about him, i.e., the 16th century, if we say that uh, dovbush was born in 1700, that is, this structure existed for 200 years, and what we are talking about now, or perhaps some skills were definitely passed on when the squads were robbers , as the institute of the history of ukraine writes that

it was robbers, this movement is prykarpattia , this is pokuttia, if we speak with modern homographic landmarks - this is the ivano-frankivsk region, the southeastern part of it, and then this movement grows . that is, it is the carpathian mountains, when nature itself encourages the fact that it is very convenient to hide somewhere. it is very convenient for the local people to exist there. they know where you can, how you can, when you can and know how to live in that area . by the way, like the rapids of the dnieper, it became the cradle of the birth of the cossacks, the carpathians once became the birth of this opryshk movement that is, these are robbers who attacked and either physically eliminated those people whom they did not like in very simple language, or they, for example, harmed and damaged their property , burned it, that is, expressed their frustration in every way

but the ideology, what we are talking about here now can be what motivated them to take such actions, you can say different things here, but the rules did exist, and if they said that a person was injured, then in fact they did not leave him a chance , he was not given much help, and here too it is possible talk about why did they do that because the opryshki could tell some secrets and expose this structure, that is, sometimes they were very cruel and within this opryshki corporation, a thousand people in the detachment sounded like a current military serviceman. can you talk about tactics, how did the opryshki work, what did they do, with what methods? well, first of all, as a military officer, i will say that this is a significant number of people in order to at least place them somewhere, and we always think of a thousand people, you know, as a thousand units of some kind of military. so, as a historian, i already think about a thousand

at least two days' worth of food, 1,000 several times a day , uh, the physiological needs of thousands of them, we take and cut off some 10.10 of them, this is theft, it's banal, i didn't accept it with our army, but it compares with the area or the council it was to see peasants like thousands of thousands of troops, they are not happy, they are not happy, this is like rape, this is looting, this is, well, let's be honest , that is, thousands of people from among them will always be those who can violate discipline, so here is a question about discipline, and i know that oleksa dovbush was rigid in keeping his own and in fact when they talk about him , that is romantic. there is really little man who could hold everything in his hand. squad

, i will say that the armies are before europe got dressed, stretched out in imperial overcoats, but for some reason we are used to many thousands of armies being created there, napoleon, where, for example, yes, there are a hundred thousand, there are 200,000, 150 here and there, but in reality it is the time of european warriors, then these are the armies there. well, when they say large, it is 30-40 thousand people, and that time, and in those times, there was only the emergence of opryshks, but the end of the 15th, the beginning of the 16th century, well, the armies there are huge, there are 20,000 people each , and it is a vertical structure. autonomous ones who acted at their own discretion, they themselves chose, well, who to nightmare, you can say if there were different methods, and you can also say that, i think so, because judging by what we sometimes see from sources, it was bought from places, what is it

it means ransom from the city, so why don't we take your city, give us money here, this kind of extortion racket is normal , absolutely a phenomenon, when khmelnitsky failed , he came up, they also took ransom from lviv, and yarema vyshnevetskyi said that i will protect you, give me the money, took the money and left, you know to throw townspeople at that time it was a rule room one well, you know where to get money, come on, let's deal with the city. were these separate combat units, or was this exactly what the army was? this is not a professional army in this way. they know how to kill, they know how to wash, but you have to understand that a thousand-thousand squad could be opposed, for example, by two hundred and three hundred serious soldiers of that time, who had no restraints, so they were different squads, and when they killed the same dovbush at there were only a few guards with him, so he was dying for some reason, he actually died

because he was not given timely medical help and he was dying. help, but they probably couldn't save but again, if there were enough people, such a hero had already heard about him, a rumor spread about him. everyone knew who dovbush was, and if there were enough people, they could help him, then most likely they would have done it. and by the way, we were talking about the city. and i remembered the moment when they came to vasyl's father dovbush 's and said to the innkeeper, the innkeeper came and said, listen, can you somehow protect me from your son? he told them, well, you will feed the boys and they will wait for you it won't happen. that is, it is also about how it was possible to negotiate. this is not exactly the case. it was an illegal method. what they did was according to the laws that were in force at the time and according to

god's laws. as they could, such methods were used in the inn, i.e., they ranged from the innkeeper, the moneylender, to some gentlemen, and this spectrum of the enemies of the opryshks was very wide, wealthy peasants also did not like them , that is, they had a large sample. the union was quite well-known because the principles were the same, subtract and divide, which was against the feudal system , things that were very popular in soviet historiography, they expanded, and the layering imposed by soviet historiography, this, that, that, that, that, that, that, that, that, that, that, that, transferred something into our historiography, but we are actively washing it away, and we are now here with you and understand-explore these myths in order to understand who they really are, because you need to know the truth of your history, if they acted as robbers, then we are not ashamed to talk about it in order to understand , but it is also interesting

how did people remember it? it means that these myths must be debunked . all that is not religion is defined philosophically . the fact is that myths are of two specific directions. among them is the match of the shcherbats with which he crowned the polish kings and that with this sword bohuslav bravely killed their king at the golden gate in kyiv in 2016. and these poles know that this match is being prepared in the 13th century. it is true. and the concept of myth is really very similar. it is multifaceted and at the same time we we are talking about the fact that dovbush is a legend. yes, it is even a myth of the state, because dovbush is one of the mainstays of history as a whole, but dovbush is an unknown well-known

myth because there is a layering of a huge i forced you to learn someone else's history. this is a paraphrase. you don't want to feed your own army. you will feed someone else 's army. dovbush is also in this context. i will be honest. when i studied at the university when at school when when i heard the topic of dovbush, it made me sick because it was a topic that was i am not interested at all. they wanted to convince me that the person who led some kind of peasant uprising against whom i do not know because there were also anti-gentlemen there, but you immediately see yes, he is against the gentlemen but also for the jews and here also against the jews but also for the peasants and here it's just rich peasants and here against poor peasants and you don't understand what's missing because the coordination system of dovbush, you know what a hero he is, you can believe that dovbush is a hero, it's

exactly the same as who are the heroes of 1648, khmelnytskyi or yarema vyshnevetskyi, well, it's clear that it's absolutely stupid sovetskaya otsya, eh, or all with a voice or all against it, i honestly felt bad from dovbush when i studied these opryshkas , because i, well, consciously, do not understand, well , where are there under two, and so most of my friends, well, from the new, we, this is the topic of opryshkas, came maddeningly thank god, the grades came, he went, koliivshchyna, but we still don't understand what it is because they wrote it to us. so, now it's clearer, we're in the process, we're in the process, you too. you can test your knowledge about this historical period, i'm about these historical characters, questions from our guest's actual version of the correct answer. please write in the comments the correct answer, we will give the correct answer in the next paragraph, please, which of the famous ukrainian writers wrote about

the opryshks, but despite all the legends, uh, they left in the people's memory uh, some data about some dovbush's treasures, could they be any kind of income? we can already say that it was a kind of income when they worked under protection . is this elephant some kind of treasury ? it could be true and it is so beautiful legend tells that before the death of oleks dovbush there he said something about some treasures and now we all have to look for them somewhere in the polonin somewhere in the polonin all the many who were in the polonin saw these mountains and saw

rocks, including the rocks of dovbush, such a tourist attraction of this region has not been found yet, or the ostriches have not said, i tentatively guess that this is also a fiction that should add some kind of zest to this legend about oleksa dovbush , that he was such a person that he even accumulated waste and hid it and the treasure, that is, it should have some purpose. is this an attempt to find one's robin hood? he took from the rich and gave the poor to the poor. this is one of those, well, let's say, the european trend of these robin hoods, and who led what? it's not clear, but you know me. that's according to ms. andriivna let the treasure down like that, it’s a carp, it’s something inside, yes. that is, it’s already buried, it’s taken, the treasure is hidden, uh, the money is on your shelf at home, it’s not a treasure , but you know how if they asked where your treasure is, they knew what it was about hidden things definitely makes me think that in principle dovbush could be joking about the treasure actually telling someone that there is a treasure

then there is something hidden you are already making this adventure an intrigue and definitely uh i even i talk to a lot of people there about family history theirs and often who is remembered more, some relative who hid something there, the truth is, my grandfather hid orders somewhere, and this is skype, it is the presence of a treasure, a legend that feeds the most that you can find something for free. e kings, who could be very poor, they wore some ragged old clothes until they could make a living there. but before that , but with these kings, regardless of their property, there were always skalds who wrote songs about you are beautiful, there is some rich and wise man the winner of everyone in the world, and these songs then go to the people and a person who could

not be brave, a beggar who looked ugly in these reports becomes a kind of image. the rock of dovbusha, we also went to look for the rocks of dovbusha, now i will try to get to them as much as we really need, and we already mentioned the skalds, the modern skalds are the film director, she is the only one on the direct line of the film director who shot the film about dovbush, which attracted a lot of people in the cinema in the first week oles sanin, i congratulate you, congratulations , friends, well, probably all moviegoers know william wallace's scotland by heart, or is dovbush such a promising character for the cinema, well, i think that the similarity with william's voice in the context of the historian i now

know very much . it is obvious that this story has great potential. so it is, and even the life of the real dovbush is becoming less important for people than the legend about him. we live in the history of legends . we need these legends. remember today ? the legend that there is some kind of pilot who protects all of kyiv somehow cannot be shot down the truth is, we believed in this and we know that it can be seen that it can be more than one person, we have a story about cyborgs who cannot be killed what is it? they write that concrete is not

endured, and people endured, a big part of this is precisely our desire to create heroes for ourselves, to believe in them, but in my story, in my concept, this is also a story about that, well, actually , it is a study about heroes. the glory of the film is like this my my research about heroes who do you call heroes about fame fame that destroys about fame that glorifies what this end about a name that is even more than a person himself such a small story about how we create heroes for ourselves and do we live up to these stories and what remains of it in the ages well, since you and mr. oleksandr are well acquainted , have you not consulted mr. olesya with mr. oleksandr , we talked about different i support his concept of working on history with historical documents, we know that

history is very often rewritten by the victors, every time a new prince rewrites it, every emperor rewrites it, tells how great his family is, what exploits he did, he has his own court historians who actually work as propagandists for himself and leave it in in contrast to this, there are folk stories. i am shooting the film dovbush. i did not expect that it would become so relevant today abs . i understand that the war authorized a lot of things . there are whole productions abroad , our polish colleagues helped us a lot, but in fact the film was ready, i did not expect that it would become so relevant, this is because i am my personal story, how do i understand stories i understand the hero, and this is not a fairy tale, this is not a documentary film. this is actually my

personal legend about the legendary lex of dovbush, of course, which i built on the study of historical materials, i read everything i could from historians, but this is a slightly different genre. "related to that well, by the way, we have a debate about this, as if the very nature of cinema is such that it mythologizes, and the very nature of art is such that it mythologizes history, actualizes human facts , but also in which people believe more, give them some qualities, even supernatural ones, because people love stories, love to tell them, love to retell them and love to mythologize themselves and their lives, this is what we need. that's why my film is more in this side of the art of research and the game of this superhero, debunking this very image, but as for the real historical sources, well, i'm very careful

the real truth is very important to me, but the popularization of things would happen in a completely different way , of course. and you asked yourself the question. when did you start work, was dovbush still a robber or a people's avenger, that's the question which i put to the guests at the beginning, i want to hear you, the audience will see the film, they will understand why my film is called dovbush and not oleksa dovbush, it's vlas, it's about two dovbushs, two heroes, but each of them had their own path, one was with a robber he gained fame precisely by the fact that let him go down in history, even as a robber, even as a thief, it was very important to him that he remain, his name was not erased like all the others from history, he wanted to go down in history to become a legend in this way, but people called is his brother is legendary, they stuck to him, to the one who didn't even want to be a warrior, didn't hope for any exploits, he

just wanted human, simple human happiness with the one he loves, but circumstances forced him to take up arms to defend what he loves and this is actually this he is similar to all the current dovbushis. none of those who are currently defending our native land on the front lines do not want to be any kind of hero, they just want to achieve victory and survive. there is no one who is ready to give his life right now. nonsense, but we need these heroes , we mythologize them now on camera, head-mounted cameras shoot fantastic stories for us, if we talk about this unity , what is happening now, remember, i think a lot of people have seen this footage when one warrior and another is wounded next to him, who can only reload his weapon, the rotosoldiers are shooting at him from all sides and shoot back

and kill him as if it is impossible and you look at these minutes and realize that bullets are flying past him and you can't and can't figure out how where from such strength of spirit took hold, the will to survive and fight like this, and immediately the legend is activated, as it were, about a cossack in berestechka who stood on the bridge for a day and did not let in an army of thousands. we were before and it seems that it is all true and now for us all these stories are legends that were, we understand that they had a real basis we are now living in a time when myths are born we are living in a time when we are writing our own history, that's how i feel about it thank you very much, but sanin, the film director. thank you. here i want to ask, since we have already talked about cinema, is there a character who should definitely be in ukrainian cinema

, the question will be for both stepan bandera, there is such a prince as yaropolky zaslavovych, the first is the king of russia. i think we need to make a film about something, but you know why dovbush will win, for example , unlike the film about bandera . years and centuries are to come. dovbush can be mythologized as an achievement, and it is possible to make someone who he was not, and this is the director's modeling . this is how god's scotsman was made into braveheart, and we don't know who he was or wasn't. but the last voostasa is mentioned in the lines

rose up rose up called then kill everything uh cinema lives on these and that's why i 'm currently missing a very cool ukrainian film because people can watch pearl harbor so they can watch titanic well they need something like that to everything is space, there are many topics. we have in the cinema, we hope that after the victory, the cinema will be able to do this and, uh, create new myths. i think you will agree that we really need them, these historical legends. thank you very much for this paragraph, oleksandr oleorov , historian, scientist, employee of the institute the history of ukraine and the officer of the armed forces of ukraine now and antonina makarevych candidate of historical sciences expert in the annals this is a public organization subscribe be sure to comment what you think about

dovbush and opryshki see you soon in in the new paragraph, the only main thing of the evening is this channel, we are ukraine with you lyudmila dobrovolska and oleg panchuk good evening well, today we will talk about what we are hitting on billions of dollars of the russians and on the most expensive fleet, how brilliantly the surface attacks of the ukrainians will change the course of the war while the state department and the pentagon they recommend biden to support the shipment of long-range missiles , the us treasury has introduced new sanctions, thousands of shaheed per year, the russians drop drones into the country, where do they get the components, the russians