usually, oleksandr shows newly arrived guests how to heat the stove, and then they want to handle everything on their own. all modern conveniences are available in the house, so you can be nostalgic for your childhood in the village, without having to run to the toilet outside in the middle of the night. and this is a hut from 1960, built from opishnya bricks and lime mortar. apart from ceramics of the capital of pottery also produced bricks. sometimes we have been doing this for 12 years and we actually see people who come there, let's say with a one-year-old baby, and after 12 years a 12-year-old comes and is already a teenager there, they come as if to their own home. it turns out, even without having a grandmother in the village, you can still have a completely rural childhood. with firewood, sheep, a pond near

the house and, of course, delicious country dishes. shpundra is prepared here, in beet kvass, vereshchaka is also prepared here, traditional pishchan e, duck porridge is also prepared here, other dishes are prepared here, including baba sharpanin. you can also learn folk art in the old hut. puppeteers, potters and clay molders master classes are held here for visitors. you can see such and such a potter's wheel, you can sculpt such and such a thing, and if someone came from the city of navocation, then if necessary, the folk workshop becomes an authentic co-working space. sometimes a lot of people come to really combine your rest with work, so there are almost all the conditions to work remotely. and although

the war is a difficult test for everyone who is engaged in green tourism, oleksandr plans to expand. the next experiment is revival on the territory ethnic settlement of a small farm. they also plan to launch an educational quest for children and adults so that children look for things other than pokemon, for example, artifacts from the works of kotlyarevsky and gogol. everything so that everyone can learn a little more about their country. because he will see, you know, this. there is a beautiful photo somewhere on instagram about this ethnic house, and the other thing is to really go in and be inspired by all this atmosphere, to feel and touch a piece of history. green tourism or downshifting - whatever will allow it makes sense to save examples of ancient architecture. someone is ready to restore an old house for themselves, and someone has a desire to open a museum for the community.

this is an archaeological reconstruction, this is a rebuilt trypil dwelling from the beginning of the fourth millennium bc, that is, about 6,000 years ago, people from trypil lived in such dwellings, we are talking about a time when there were no cities and states either in mesopotamia, or in egypt, somewhere else approximately 800, or even 1000 years, and at that time the largest settlements in the world had an area of... 50 hectares, and this 450, and next to them there are about 20, and they are 200, 300, 250 each, although our project was aimed at finding the most interesting examples of ukrainian folk architecture, we were interested in the trypil house, because there are theories that this place is 6,000 years old therefore , the largest settlements in the world were concentrated. about 3 houses were built on an area of ​​4.5 km. which

were built from the same materials as the centuries-old ukrainian houses. and today's researchers have their own assumptions about what exactly these houses looked like. among the findings there are archeological models of trypil towns and houses, it's great that they stuck them on a little. ornaments have been preserved on some of the models, and all this gives us the opportunity to more clearly imagine what trypil housing could have been like. today. the luxury of knowing exactly what a mud hut built 6,000 years ago looked like, made possible by an interesting tryplian tradition of leaving the hut to burn it. most likely due to the exhaustion of the resources of the black earth people, then the black earth was just beginning to form, they did not live in one place for a long time, there were frequent migrations, transitions after several generations, old settlements, they burn, most likely again it was a ritual of old already abandoned settlements

, but since the house was burning, the high temperature burned part of the dwelling so well that it actually turned into ceramics, there were imprints of trees. structures, sometimes there are traces of hands , smearing, there is plaster, and there is another opinion that the houses were not burned, but burned out, and they were one-story, and people lived in ceramic houses with a thatched roof, but in burnt ceramic walls and ceramic floor, these are two such points of view, they are still alive and they compete, and discussions are taking place, by the way, we conducted an experiment 19 years ago. we built such a house, then burned it in order to understand how it all happens, next year it will be 20 years since we did it, we will conduct excavations after 20 years of this house, we will see what has been preserved there, what is under there the rain dissolved, and what was preserved was built by

archaeologists, historians and volunteers of the real tolokhas. in in 2007, volodymyr gathered 200 activists who, under the guidance of the students, built the first trypil house here. since then, toloka has grown into an annual festival on the initiative of the unpaid workers themselves. several hundred people come here to glyna, then everything is for excavations, everything is like a small museum festival. they, and what, that's all, we won't gather anymore. and then we started the annual trypil tuluka festival. the trypil civilization lasted a little more than two years. thousands of years, and huge territories were covered by it, not only in ukraine, but also partly in romania and moldova. during this time and in different territories, the houses differed, but the people who lived on this land had such large two-story

houses. the dwellings were like this two-room, when you enter, there are walls, a partition and one large room, like, well, like a studio room, you can even say. to the right of the entrance was a stove, a domed, straight round window , next to the window was the altar, this is such an altar, this is the place where, most likely, rites were held, where you could pray and communicate with a parallel world of the gods, here the grain was ground to the state of groats, here there was light and here the portion was rubbed, and then into the pot and the oven. 15 years ago, during one of the expeditions, volodymyr and his colleagues managed to dig up a baked ceramic hut, which preserved its walls well. this made it possible to measure the height and thickness of the walls and spans between the pillars. these data became the basis for

building this house. they also managed to find out that thousands of years ago, the people of trypil plastered the walls and did it with only stone tools. labor, after them in the fields ukrainian shading was revived only in the 20th century. do we have to next year, if everything goes well and we will hold our festival, we have to plaster it all here, iron it and paint the house inside. my friends and i have a long-standing idea of ​​creating skansen, it is to create a closed, closed area, a couple of trypil huts , dress up in the clothes that trypil people could be in, and for a day you live in that time, you eat, yes , you make pottery, you make cloth, you cook food, you get fire, you, that is, you maximally immerse yourself in the world of the past, and although today we know that

the people of trypil are not the direct ancestors of ukrainians, but housing still has a lot in common, because building materials are inextricably linked with this land, well, look, the tradition of farming, it will already be from at that time inseparable in our lands, did other ethnic groups approach, did they approach, was there mixing, was there ethnogenesis , did the tripilians leave completely or partially remained here, the question is also debatable today, oh, but, the material that is available was to the people, that’s what it was, that’s what they used. this time we showed you a small part of the architectural findings that we managed to find while traveling in central

ukraine, these are authentic slastion schools in the ukrainian arnuvo style, and century-old mazankas that are quietly collapsing in villages, far away from the main roads, and unique... mills that need our attention and our understanding , the understanding that this is all ours, our treasures, our history and our responsibility, i believe that the mountains from... a terrible ukrainian renaissance, yes, and ukrainian culture will enter the soul each. ukrainian modernism, as a historical style, remained at the beginning of the 20th century. he gave impulses, he gave directions, he opened some solutions that we can use in the future. this building was modern at that time. if we want to create something modern, we cannot copy the past, but we must study this past.

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12:10. welcome to the espresso channel. today , our military program will be devoted to things related to both strategy and tactics. when we talk about strategy, we will try to evaluate. the current situation in which the defense and offensive of our army is now taking place, and why the next year of war, against the background of international changes, analysts are apt to consider as bringing a number of new challenges and mysteries for ukraine. and when it comes to tactics, then, or a little more broadly, it is about actions and the approaches of our armed forces, which can significantly increase the losses of the enemy on the front line, which is extremely important, it is about weapons and training in certain directions, which significantly affect changes on the front line.

so, we will talk about all this in different dimensions with leading experts and our military in the next issue of our military program, my name is serhii zgurets, i am the director of the information and consulting company defense express, which, together with the espresso channel, aims to cover the most current trends in the defense system and in the defense-industrial complex, and now we are joined by valentin badarak, director of the army, conversions and disarmament research center, analyst and writer, mr. valentin, i congratulate you, i am glad to see and hear you. mr. sergey, thank you for the invitation, congratulations, yes. let me start by saying that literally a day or two ago, such a large analytical report was published on ukrainform, which was written by academician volodymyr horbulin, and you, as the director of the center for research on the army, disarmament conversion, and this report is entitled "military the 24th year of a puzzle for ukraine". this report, in fact, outlines the current situation and

prospects. i would like you to briefly summarize for our viewers, what are the main risks, challenges and puzzles precisely for the defense of ukraine for the next year? well, we must start with the fact that all this is happening, all the events are happening against the background of the intensifying rivalry between the anti-western bloc, which is now led by china, and actually the western democracies under, let's say , the flag of the united states of america, ukraine. right in the middle of this rivalry with this one war launched by russia, and therefore, strictly speaking, a lot depends on ukraine, because it both defends the eastern flank of nato and serves as a deterrent for china, therefore, it seems to me that the western partners and

the united states, in particular, will do everything possible , in order to prevent a decrease in aid, the first puzzle, of course, is western aid, but the question is that the biden administration has been very, very, i would say limited in its capabilities for some time, we know, there is now 5.2 billion left as of the beginning the war in israel, yes, october 7th, so that's the second puzzle, that's right, it's the possibility of scale... the war in the middle east, and so with the first puzzle, it's important for us now and we 're all looking forward to the election of the speaker of the house of representatives, it's very good that the candidacy of republican jordan, who, as we know, expresses anti-ukrainian theses and is a trumpist, supports

trump and wants to end aid, failed twice, but it seems that he will not become speaker. we hope so and yet think that if the united states gets, and literally today, friday, biden will address the congress with the intention to advance 100 billion dollars for three countries at once, for ukraine about 60 billion and the rest for israel and for taiwan, if it succeeds now, it will mean that in 24- next year, well, one of the huge problems will be solved, which is precisely related to the reduction of western aid, although of course there may be pitfalls and various currents in the preparation for the presidential elections in the united states and any, any things can be used , we

know in the official document integrated the development strategy of ukraine, which the state department issued the other day, it was first stated in the official document that the states wish ukraine victory, but, in the end, there is a lot about corruption and the underperformance of the kyiv authorities, so the second mystery is the scaling of the war, and now at this moment, well, at the moment when a hospital was hit in the gas sector the other day, it could be said that china is losing somewhat. today , together with all its supporters, the western bloc, however, not everything is so simple, and the fact that the arab world seems to have begun to distance itself from the west and the leveling of these efforts took place, in particular, the main node station is saudi

arabia, israel did not happen, it stopped and was frozen, but not everything has been said yet, the parties will fight, these two huge mysteries are the biggest for us now, mr. valentin, then on against this background , the question arises as to what ukraine itself should do in preparation. and its defense systems, in order to adequately respond to the risks and uncertainties that, relatively speaking, the next year may bring us, you write in your report that there are opportunities for ukraine to achieve technological advantages by independent efforts, what is it about, well, of course, it is not strictly about the 24th year, it is probably about something about the next five-year period, but big steps can be taken already in the 24th year, all restrictions must be removed

and for industry and provide opportunities to work more confidently, at the same time it is necessary to choose a model for managing the defense of industry, which does not yet exist , unfortunately, i see gaps now, the state, now, well, there are moments where not all... moments have been fully worked out, we know about the audit service that interferes with the missile of the industry, we know that the ministry of technology has apparently received new opportunities, but has not yet fully approached the creation of a model, and in particular, well, we proposed, and we consider these key points, the urgent withdrawal of the entire rocket industry from any subordination, except for the ministry of technology, well, i understand that, let’s say, for kabeluch, now the layer in the form of ukroboronprom , which has already been updated, is no longer such a huge obstacle as before, but all

the same, the times of growth have not come for the aviation industry either, and strictly speaking, it must be withdrawn from ukaroboronprom, it is necessary to create an institute of general designers, which are authorized, because today i am the most. example, we have 200 companies engaged in drones, we have 30 types of various drones, but at the same time the issue of an analogue of the shahed has not been reached, yes, then the ministry of defense and all other ministries that are currently working in the field of national innovative solutions should go, this way , to be the coordinator of the creation of a new one, and not... strictly speaking, this is what is happening now, only what the industry offers, that and

considered, no one yet, let's take an example, let's say a ground robotic complex, we have 20 companies now offering , but these are developments that exist, and to create a new one, for example, to compose, take, public-private partnership, rally and take weapons, the complex will arm . which kabeluch has already done, to take basic, say, robots, robotic platforms, to take the best selection of navigation, communication systems , and so on, who should do it, i think that this is a replacement of the task by stratechprom, and the ministry of defense should buy what is already ready, they are so in the principles are set and now the evaluation system is being refined, and we know that this is done jointly by the defense and the general staff, but we need to speed up the work on the 345th resolution, because there are many problems, a lot of problems, everything must be accelerated from months to

days , and the ministry of technology must clearly deal with military-technical cooperation, better times are coming to us now, they even agreed with france to make a large strategic plan, a drone, but so that it really has already been implemented. a lot of things need to be done in the project administration of the defense industry, it is necessary to speed up and delimit, delimit the situation, i believe that there should be two large financial flows, one flow is for the finished goods that are purchased by the ministry of defense both in ukraine and abroad, and the second flow is all that the ministry of strategy and technology will do in limits and development of own technologies. and within the framework of military-technical cooperation, where large projects will be worked out with such companies as ryne metal, as bay systems, and others, baicar

machina and so on, yes. this is what needs to be done, that is, there is a huge amount of work ahead, but it must be done very quickly, then something can happen, actually with a technological gap from russia, and you remember that it is managed by a friend of putin, eh , who worked with him back in dresden, and eh, that is why in fact there are now more than 1,000 companies in the same hands, and it's very fast everything is done that they can. to do, they really aim to scale everything, plus get drone missiles from iran, for this shoigu went there in september and tried to negotiate there, and actually, north korea will help as much as

will be able to, but in the end, russia is also running out of steam, and despite the fact that, despite the fact that there are still a lot of resources, formally, we called it the 25th year, but formally, russia can confidently fight for the next three to five years with these resources, and with the approaches that exist now, in order to limit russia, you need to introduce a complete ban on exports to that country with the introduction of strong secondary sanctions, the example is very classic, this morning there was a report that kazakhstan imposed sanctions and from. .. and will refuse export drones, already on the day of kazakhstan, the leading ministry that deals with this has already asked this and says that no, we will use the general rules, as in the arms market and so on, this shows that many countries are hesitant, afraid, and

a ban, a complete ban on exports is needed, first by the big seven, then the eu is supported, that’s for sure, and then it should grow under the influence of sanctions, even countries that are geographically close will resort to this, through which, russia still carries out re-exports of various machines, such as from turkey, from south korea, from japan, there were such cases from germany, and ending directly with some microelectronics. and so on, so the situation here is at a stalemate with the sanctions, but, well, still , the western world, under the understanding that the threats are increasing, the 24th year is a huge increase in threats compared to the 23rd, and so i i think that the nuts will be tightened more powerfully and there will be a transition from sanctions to an export ban, this is inevitable, because without this,

russia's development into an industrial one will be restrained impossible, here are such forecasts. mr. valentin, we talked about what we now expect to be the amount of military or military-technical assistance from the united states and other western countries, but somehow the question of security guarantees or aid guarantees for ukraine took a back seat. will i believe that this is a component of the security guarantee for ukraine, an important element that should be used by... ukraine and what might be the potential reaction from our partners? good question, just yesterday i read what is happening already with the fifth of the big seven countries , negotiations, and for us the key countries here will definitely be united states and the introduction of the israeli model, we have seen how it works, it works very well...