as well as distinguished guests of the studio. we will have volodymyr ogrysko today, if all goes well. events of the day in two hours. vasyl winter's big broadcast. a project for smart and caring people. espresso in the evening. welcome to the espresso channel. today, in our military program, we will talk about the enemy's weapons and about our weapons. but in different dimensions. russia rattled its nuclear sword again this week and conducted thunder drills, which were supposed to demonstrate the strike capabilities of russian nuclear forces. but what are the real issues in russia with its nuclear stockpiles and what is their state. why is the enemy interested in such projects as this underwater nuclear torpedo, which is supposed to sail to the usa and cause an explosion there, or why russia again. declares that

tests of the nuclear-powered burevesnik cruise missile are about to take place, which is actually a sort of flying chernobyl. we will try to find out all this in the first block of our program in a conversation with a person who, as a scientist, devoted a significant part of his life to the study of russian nuclear forces. and then we will talk about our developments, of course, not nuclear weapons, but in tsa. light armored vehicles, because not only foreign supplies should strengthen our army. about the technique, which is tested by war, in a conversation with the general designer of one of our armored vehicles. all the details in the second part of our program. my name is serhii ezgurets, i am the director of the information and consulting company defense express, which, together with the espresso channel, aims to cover the most relevant defense-industrial, military and military issues. and now we are joined by pavel

podvykh, a researcher at the institute of un disarmament studies in geneva, head of the russian nuclear forces project, mr. pavel, welcome to the espresso channel. good afternoon, i have a lot of questions for you, so i will start with the most relevant ones. on october 25, russia held a grom exercise with practical launches of its ballistic missiles. what is the purpose of such exercises, was there anything unusual for you in these exercises and why, by the way, was there no such intimidating rhetoric from the kremlin, as was the case with previous such exercises last year and the year before last, and what exactly if the enemy uses those samples in these exercises , which were there before, so what does this indicate? well, as for the teaching that which recently

took place, these are completely standard trainings that are conducted annually. for several, quite a few years, as a rule, the composition of the forces that participate in them is approximately the same , that is, it is usually a land-based ballistic missile, submarine-launched missiles , bombers . on the fact that russia will practice the use of a massive nuclear strike, and here it is also worth understanding what this is quite standard rhetoric. namely a blow in

response to an attack, i don't think that there are any reasons to worry in order to be especially worried about these scientists. mr. pavle, you have been working on a project called the nuclear forces of russia for a long time, you have now characterized the current state of the russian arsenals, is it development, stagnation or degradation, and what do russia have more problems with now, nuclear weapons carriers or the warheads themselves? as far as we can judge from what we see and know, the state i would be called stable. i do not see any significant breakthroughs in the build-up.

submarines and the missiles for them, again there is a bomber modernization program, so i don't see anything that goes beyond the normal standard program that was passed over 10 years ago. there is also nothing surprising here, because this is a new

rocket and its project faces many difficulties. it is clear that any such large program eventually crashes. it cannot be said that it is stagnation, because it is a stable , given planned process, and it does not stand still place planned, and the process of modernization and maintenance of forces in readiness, which concerns nuclear warheads. according to what we can know, there is no reason to think that the situation is fundamentally different from the one described above, there is a process of maintaining it in

working condition, there are its own procedures, but to think that there is an increase or stagnation, no, i don't think so. potential, there are no such reasons, everything goes in general, more or less in a stable order. mr. pavel, does the fact that a country conducts nuclear tests mean that this country, well in particular, is it creating new nuclear combat units, and is there a need for russia to conduct a nuclear test given the fact that it has ceased membership in the relevant treaty there, and in general, is there a need for russia to create new special units for its missile carriers or other means of delivery ? well, the situation, in my opinion, the situation here is such that, in my opinion, the situation here is such

that there is most likely no technical need to conduct such tests, i am more, i am sure that there is no such need, and there is no such need, and what's more, we know that russian developers talked about the possibility of manufacturing new charges and maintaining and modernizing existing ones. this was done already after 2000, when russia ratified the nuclear test ban treaty. that is, the developers themselves spoke and wrote about their tests. and new technical solutions that would require nuclear tests are out of the question, most likely not,

that is, these are all technologies, there are ancient technologies, and everything has been known for a long time. to understand that by the time the tests are resumed, this treaty ratification by russia does not approach, russia remains the country that signed the treaty, respectively, despite the fact that it did not enter. it is not carrying out nuclear explosions, participating in the work of the international monitoring system. saves, and it is important to understand.

mr. pavel, what is the current situation of the russians with tactical nuclear ... ammunition , how can you assess their quantitative and qualitative composition, and first of all, is there any remaining in the arsenal of the russian army, this tactical ammunition for ar systems, there for powerful guns, for mortars , and is there tactical ammunition that can be used there by special operations forces, well, in the format of such mobile devices. well, about such things. as for tactical or non-strategic warheads that are not deployed and installed on intercontinental ballistic missiles and so on, there is no accurate information about them. believe that such charges

are in the range of 1-200, it is important to understand that such charges in non-combat normal time are located in special warehouses that are far from means of delivery, rather, they are a standard way of carrying them on duty.

as for artillery systems and others, at one time russia twisted the artillery program. the situation there is such that at the time russia stopped the artillery ammunition development program, in the 90s all works were curtailed and all existing ammunition was destroyed, the department that developed such ammunition was closed, taking into account this and the fact that the usa did not blame russia has such ammunition, we can say that there are no such charges. the fact that the united states did not blame russia for the fact that it still had artillery

munitions, i believe that we can with very high confidence, almost certainly says that there are no artillery charges, and the same applies to other such, so-called, or compact ammunition, there is, although the us has suspicions that not all nuclear warheads were destroyed by russia. i understand, the disposal process is still ongoing, i do not think that such charges are in working condition. he is proceeding with the disposal of these weapons, but simply it has not yet been completed, and i do not think that these weapons are really in a condition, when they can be used, even if they are still somewhere there, they have not been destroyed. mr. pavel, what do you think about these high-profile projects with the creation of this torpedo with a nuclear warhead in the russian federation, or

the so-called burevesnik project with an atomic engine, probably a nuclear warhead, why is russia currently paying so much public attention to this project ? well, in many ways, the main, if you can say, almost the main goal of these projects is... almost the main goal of these projects is their discussion, what we are talking about them now. it's a long story, and if you recall 2018, when the russian president told about them, everything was served under the sauce of russia's response to the deployment of the us anti-missile defense system, the sauce that что вот эти системы, они разванный ответом россии на...

supposedly all systems can bypass the us anti-missile defense, this was such a political move, it was very important to show the kremlin leadership. to the kremlin leadership, to the president personally, in my understanding, it was very important to declare that this is the case connected show that this is... in the nuclear deterrence system and the possibility of retaliatory strike. it is unlikely that these projects are better than what has already been created, to provide a counterattack, i do not think that these systems have any advantage over those that have already been created, in this sense their expediency, here their expediency is very

doubtful, очень doubtful, but nevertheless, you understand what it is. you understand that there are people who create these systems, they have their own engineering problems that need to be solved, a special a design bureau for a petrel, that is , this is all a process that hardly has anything to do with military or strategic expediency . well then, continuing. another such a loud statement, or rather the talks that were known, when rogozin, the former head of roscosmos, says that he reported to putin that they want to adapt the soyuz space launch vehicle to strike at ukraine by bolting it to him there

there is a bomb weighing 9, and it seemed to interest putin, but i am interested in it. what conclusions did you draw about the adequacy of people who discuss such projects, well, let me refrain from saying any words about the adequacy of the words about adequacy , i think it is understandable, well, let's say, i was very, i will say, i was very surprised by this kind of dialogue, if it was real. even discounting the dubious competence of some people, it is difficult for me to imagine that such a project can be kept in one's head at all, it is beyond everything in my opinion, but

it is difficult for me to imagine that someone can seriously do something like this. well, when we speak then the fact that such approaches are outside the bounds of rationality, then the question arises that they are still being discussed, and then, against the background of this, how can you evaluate russia's approaches to the use of nuclear weapons in general, and in particular, how do you assess the risks of using nuclear weapons by russia federation against ukraine, and can ukraine's actions on the liberation of crimea be such a certain trigger that russia makes such a decision? well, the situation here is that it is necessary to understand, first of all, that from a purely military point

of view, the use of nuclear weapons on the battlefield does not make sense. the use of nuclear weapons on the battlefield or there in the theater of military operations does not even have a particular meaning, it simply does not make sense, even if you look, if you look at some scenario, when ukraine can really create a threat to crimea, how can it be used nuclear weapons to prevent it? i don't see how this can be done? well, how can nuclear weapons be used in such a way that? in the course of this war, it is not that the concentration of troops is not gathering anywhere, even the tanks are not gathering in pairs, so that they do not to be annihilated, even there somewhere two do not gather in order not to be

annihilated. someone can think about using nuclear weapons, that is, to use them in some strategic sense, that is, to deliver a blow to the enemy that will shock him and make him appear shocked, which means that the enemy, so to speak, will surrender, well here...

this situation on ukraine, i don't think that an attack on the civilian population and ukrainian cities will force ukraine to surrender. it is unlikely that this is a realistic prospect. on the other hand, it is now quite clear, that any application would cause a negative reaction from almost all countries. even the threat of using nuclear weapons, they unleashed a completely negative and clear negative reaction from almost all countries, and no one understands. complete isolation of russia, because everyone has already expressed their opinion in this regard unequivocally, nuclear threats are unacceptable, that is, no

, not what will be approved, but that is, i think, it will be realistic, we are talking about complete isolation, so to speak to russia, because that, again, the relation to this, everything has already been stated, absolutely unequivocally, that nuclear weapons are nuclear threats are not unacceptable, i.e. they are not illegal and worthy of condemnation. and here is the extreme question we have for literally two minutes, it is what if ukraine kept some of its strategic nuclear munitions or tactical nuclear munitions there. whatever consequences it would have for ukraine, it would contribute to the security of our state, or on the contrary, it would provoke such an increase. pressure on our country from those countries that later signed the budapest memorandum, and then immediately started hostilities? this is a difficult question, if ukraine

kept nuclear weapons, there would be many problems. however, even if this were to be allowed, the story would have gone completely differently. if you look at russia, yes, they have weapons, but at the same time it is clear that nato never intended to attack them. so to speak, it was never planned to occupy russia, and moreover, that is, yes, we can say that the presence of a nuclear weapon is secondary.

does not give, that is, and gives this, to carry out, that is, to wage this war, so to speak, with ukraine as the only enemy, but what does this have to do with the security of russia? i think we all are let's agree that russia would be in a better position if it had not started. from various angles, i see no signs that russia's security situation has changed since february 2022, or even since 2014. since the fourteenth year, since the annexation of crimea, that the security of russia somehow and the situation of russia in general somehow became better, it all goes

, so to speak, exclusively downward, in this sense, that is, no, nuclear weapons do not give you anything, nuclear weapons don't give you anything, in the grand scheme of things, the presence of which makes no sense in the grand scheme of ego possession. sir pavel, thank you very much for your time, for your professional comments, and i would like to remind our viewers that pavel podvig was on the air, he is a researcher at the un research institute in geneva in the field of armaments and the head of the russian nuclear forces project. and then we will talk about our developments in the field of armored vehicles, but after the information block. why am i here, i have sensitive teeth, i eat ice cream, pain, cold air, pain, sweet, pain, the dentist recommended lacquer sensitive, which

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them. modeling our immediate future, every saturday at 1pm with a repeat at 10pm. studio zahid with anton borkovsky at espresso. join the community with a ukrainian view of the world. become a sponsor of the youtube channel. and this is access to exclusive content. personal thanks, pinned comments, special icons and the possibility of personal communication with the espresso team: click sponsor and become part of the community with a ukrainian perspective. the war in ukraine is the main topic for ukrainians. victories and losses, analysis and forecasts, politics and geopolitics, serhii rudenko and the guests of his program will talk about all this. people who have information and

form public opinion. people defending ukraine and creating the future right now, the main and interesting thing in the program verdict by serhiy rudenko. from monday to friday at 20:00, repeat at 12:10. and later in our military program, we will talk about domestic developments in the field of armored vehicles, or rather armored vehicles, and how they are being improved taking into account. real combat experience. literally a week ago, almost all new agencies wrote about it and shared a photo of a specialized reserved person a motorist who, while performing a combat mission on one of the hot areas, ran into an anti-tank mine. however , the crew was not injured, and the car went for repair, i hope, maybe it has already returned from this repair. of course, this is only one of the manifestations of the capabilities and characteristics

of the novator machine. so. we decided to inquire about this model in more detail from the developers and manufacturers, and now we have bohdan petriv, acting chief designer of the ukrainian armored vehicles co., in contact. mr. bohdan, i welcome you to espresso channel live. good afternoon, thank you for the invitation. glad to see you. ee, what actually showed the experience of combat use of innovator machines, because we have, we know about it. one example, maybe there were more such examples for different components, so please tell me how this combat experience affects the improvement of the machine itself? well, i would start with the purpose of the car, it was intended for the transportation of personnel and for the transportation of all kinds of cargo. it is an armored vehicle that protects both the cargo it carries, as well as people.