er, further, er, in principle, well, yes, now , yes, if about 40 billion, for the next year, they just accepted, then the budget for the 24th year, and i still don’t know, is there an allocated budget for the purchase of drones for the next year, or has it already been approved, i think, i think that these 40 billion will only be partially used for the purchase of drones, it seems to me such a serious systemic challenge. in order to, well, meet the needs of the armed forces, defense forces, i think that the wheels of the state should turn much faster than they do, and what are the main challenges in front of your company, to increase the number of systems that are manufactured, there is a lack of capacity, a lack of finance , a lack of trained personnel, a lack of components, what factors are the most painful for you right now, we are actively scaling right now, we ...

uh, if the situation with people and specialists is more or less normal, but there is a problem with production areas, we are currently scaling them up, and the funds would also be quite good if there were investments, these opportunities, but the processes are also delayed, because they these investment opportunities exist in general, but these investors, these potential partners of ours, if we are talking about foreign investors there, they live in some parallel reality from ours, because we have a completely different rhythm of life, we have a war, and we we have to move so fast, mr. vitaly, what will be, well, the next peak that your company will overcome in terms of creating a new model or improving the existing one, is there a plan, well , a radically new product, it is the development of several... products at the same time we

we develop, we reinvest everything we can in the development of new technologies , we add software solutions to the development of hardware, which help to create this military tech, to get this value, this technological advantage, the work goes on, painstakingly, we constantly improve iteratively improving what's already there and building new, i think eventually you'll see these developments, and i hope you. they will be to your liking, mr. vitaly, thank you very much for these explanations, for the work you do for our country, for our defense, for our defense, i would like to remind our viewers that the armed forces have a multi-professional complex called hor. so, against the background of these conversations with our scientists and industrialists, we can conclude that we really have certain prerequisites for our army to become more powerful precisely at the expense of new weapons and new technologies, but these decisions, if they

are even systemic, require such joint efforts from the state, from our state and private structures, in order to achieve the result, the composition of the armed forces can use them effectively on the battlefield, therefore these were the main points related to technological approaches to the use of new technologies on the battlefield, my name is serhii zgurets, i am the director of information consulting at the defense express company, and others will continue the broadcast. of the kanalal espresso program , to penetrate into ukrainian territory, therefore the main task of local border guards is surveillance and anticipatory fire, border guards also hunt enemy strike drones and reconnaissance drones, their own. olesya

borovyk. it is very difficult to get here after the rains. it's one eye. tinted yes, kamaz. it goes down. for now, well, it is in the middle of the position. such movements of russians are always a bad sign - say the military. maybe shells were brought, maybe people were thrown. we go further from the observation point. the pile of firewood is in full preparation for winter, and the improvised kitchen already smells like dinner. ihor is a professional cook, has been serving since the first days of a full-scale operation and has already flown in from the russian army. it was our first visit, hail. the fences were shelled, here they were hit, and there the kitchen caught fire. so we had to build again. all trenches were dug manually, because it is not possible to drive an excavator or other equipment so close to the border. they help sumy borders and four-legged friends,

you have a lot of dogs, you can't do without dogs, well, at night, well, you're standing, it's dark, somewhere there he ran and barked, i'll be waiting here. and vigilance saves life here. the enemy does not abandon attempts to penetrate deep into the territory of ukraine, sabotage and intelligence groups, however, border guards who act as part of the defense forces reliably protect the state border. also, the enemy uses unmanned aerial vehicles to drop on the positions of the defense forces, explosive devices. these kamikaze drones are being trained, especially at night - says oleksandr. by the sound i hear yes immediately. everything is dispersed on the field, we use what we have, only in the last week the border guards of the sumy area landed three enemy shahedis , some of the guys were slandered, they fired in anticipation of the sound, some of them

were conducting fire as if blocked, looked at the thermal imager and tried to fire on it and corrected us, most of the military from these positions were at home only once in two years, we ukraine marathon are the only ones... in the gaza strip a ground operation is underway, after ten hours of fighting, the israel defense forces captured key militant strongholds and uncovered a minefield of tunnels used by the terrorists. at the same time , a four-hour evacuation window was announced on saturday. during this time, the inhabitants of the north of the region could move to the south. in two days, more than 100 people went to safer places through such corridors. the first 145 ukrainians arrived. who managed to escape from the gas sector, nine citizens of moldova and one a palestinian, a video from the airport was posted by the main intelligence department of ukraine, among the evacuees there were mainly families with children, it was reported in gur, as well as one ukrainian woman who

has an oncological disease, she was picked up by an ambulance at the airport and taken to a hospital in odessa, in general, for the last week of the sector gasses due to the pass new... introduction from ukrzaliznytsia, from now on you can buy tickets for the popular kyiv-warsaw train only through the action-signature. why they did it and what to do for those who have no action, our tatyana demukh will tell. train tickets only through digital signature. it's simple, in the ukrzaliznytsia application, choose train 67-68, kyiv-warsaw. next, you confirm the person with the verb signature, choose the time, which has become one of our most popular needs. the train leaves kyiv at 6:14 p.m., it goes without transfers, it arrives in warsaw around 10 a.m., the ticket costs uah 1,767 one way, and why did they decide to include the action when buying, because in this way they will fight with traffickers. if the account

is used to buy and return tickets en masse, it will be blocked after verification. such a user will no longer be able to buy a ticket online. authorization by signing these tickets. were available throughout the day, meaning on the 20th day from yesterday you could buy tickets from 9am when they go on sale, and it looks like the last ticket for that date was bought from us there around 7 or 6pm. let's try it too, go to the ukrzaliznytsia application, choose the desired directions, kyiv, warsaw, the date, and the tickets really are available. for those who have no action, tickets can be purchased by relatives, this option is also available, the main thing is to verify and not buy tickets en masse. and another innovation from ukrzaliznytsia, now international tickets can be returned again through the application. previously

, it was necessary to personally go to the ticket office of the railway station and write an application. tetyana demukh and mykhailo golovnenko, we are ukraine marathon, edina news. on monday, vinnytsia schoolchildren will return to their desks again. the situation with viral hepatitis a is improving in the region. currently , 313 patients are registered there, three dozen of them remain in hospital treatment, more than 200 have already been discharged. doctors and people who came in contact continue to be vaccinated in the region with patients, more than 600 vaccinations have already been done. in the last day, only two health cases were confirmed by laboratory, the possibility of the second one is not ruled out. waves, because the source of the infection has not yet been found. at the beginning of the registration of the outbreak for the detection of the hepatitis a virus in drinking water, 113 samples were taken. all these samples were negative, none of them

detected the hepatitis a virus. samples were taken from the centralized water supply, both in the city of vinnytsia and in the regions of the region, it is said that it showed that after all. her second wave, there, what we were talking about is the sick patients who are in contact, but there are not so many of them, so we still hope that if... it does occur, it will not be as powerful as the first wave of the disease. a series of earthquakes in iceland, in just a few hours on the reykjanes peninsula, seismologists counted almost 800 aftershocks. the local volcano has woken up, it is already roaring menacingly, so the eruption may begin in the next few days. if this happens, the lava from the fiery mountain will flood the entire seaside village, its inhabitants have already been evacuated to the region declared a state of emergency. and a fuchsia-colored lake appeared in hawaii.

this body of water on ma maui, one of the largest islands in the archipelago, used to be emerald green, but at the end of the day, this has never been seen before, and it's not an algae bloom. biologists assume that there has been a bacterial outbreak in the lake, and locals are advised not to swim or fish just in case. instead, you can take pictures and people are happy to do it. and about how much ukrainian cossacks earned, who they were employed by, what was their role in european wars of the past. about this and not only further in the program paragraph with yulia galushka. i will be back in this studio at four sharp. chevorons

approaching victory on our land, they were convinced that we have been defending our independence for centuries and are ready to fight for it again. defense forces of ukraine, stubbornly, relentlessly. step by step , our land, our will, our independence are chosen, gnawed out, squeezed out of the enemy's claws, we thank you, we prove it every day. kitty, how are you? i think you get anxious, we are not close at school yet, you know what i do moments like this, an exercise that always helps me. it's easy to remember, i run the finger of one hand around the palm of the other hand, as if circling it with a pencil, i bring my finger

up and slowly inhale, i bring it down and slowly exhale, do as a father to yourself and your child, to cope with stress. there is an interesting sculpture in the cathedral of st. john the theologian in malta, the figure of the master of the monastic order is propped up, take a look here, it is impossible not to recognize a cossack in this man with an oseltsky , who brought sabers, what lectures ivan sirko gave in the sorbonne, and who really took dunkirk fortress, my name is yulia galushka, this is a paragraph about how the cossacks fought in europe, subscribe, like and comment on this video. so that as many viewers as possible could see high-quality ukrainian content, so my guests today are historians, viktor

bryhunenko and oleksiy sokerko, welcome to the studio, a very popular story on ukrainian facebook right now, this 30-year war, which lasted then, would not have ended at all, i from the school history course, i don't remember the story about the cossacks in dunyunkerk at all, were there cossacks there and where did this story come from history, let's start with you, what you mentioned about the school textbook is a naturalist, why, because such a canonical version of the origin of the cossacks in ukraine in general, it ties it to the border, to the steppe, to the so -called wild field, where the cossacks lived next door to the tatars, and therefore especially in soviet times, yes, that is, when soviet ideology and historical science molded the cossacks into the defenders of this very space, yes, in parallel with which they also defended the borders of the moscow kingdom and so on, and so further, but we must not forget that the cossacks, when

it was formed primarily as a military phenomenon, and this is the 16th century, yes , the cossacks were primarily mercenaries, mercenaries, and it is not necessary to put any negative meaning into this term, this meaning, they really possessed a number, a whole set of military equipment , yes, which made them competitive, so to speak from the point of view of military power, yes , the rulers of the grand duchy of lithuania and then the commonwealth of nations, that is, the muscovite kingdom and the ottoman empire of the crimea wanted to have at their disposal khanate cossacks were high-class infantry, they were a scarce resource, in general, on the european military market , why, because precisely in the 16th century in europe, there was a transition from knightly militias, which were mainly mounted, to the tactics of infantry, artillery, which began to dominate the field on the field battles, and the cossacks exactly corresponded to this

trend, they were in demand and were periodically hired by the cossack and polish contingents. kings and the german emperor to recruit from the service, this was also a completely normal european practice, this is how the cossacks ended up, let's say, in the west of europe, but what about what, well, our school textbooks don't say much about, well, that is , could the cossacks really have been in the pro-dunkirk legend? no, the cossacks were punks, but neither their role in the thirty years' war nor their role as punks should be exaggerated. the most there could be up to 2,500 goats at the initial stage of the negotiations, that is, in the year 44, that is, at the end and beginning of the 45th, he participated with the french ambassador debregi, he participated in the negotiations and even went to france has fontainebleau there, but most

likely he did not take part in direct military operations and very quickly emerges already in a completely different project, this is in the project of that... league against the turks, which some serious sources write about the cossacks in that operation, they there must be, because this is, for example, the times of cardinal mazarin, whom, well, we probably all know from dumas’ novels, at least, if not from world history lessons, well, in fact, there are not very many sources, because, you know, mercenaries are generally here in these local and pan-european wars there was always a lot, and practically all european countries that had to replenish their finances, well, recruit these soldiers, yes, all regions, all regions of europe, where mercenaries existed for sale, yes, for export, let's say, it was very widespread, by the way , or not? enough, yes, yes, that is, the era, armies that were completed by conscription, well, or recruitment sets, yes, how about the russian

version, it will come very late, only at the end of the 16th century, and before that, most of the army is formed either as land militia, militia of some military kind obliged categories of the population, well, first of all, these are knights, of course, all the rest and the most combat-capable part of the army that exists in peace and wartime, which must be covered by the state budget, these are mercenaries, and these recruits are all campaigns, they were conducted, they were subject, first of all, the competition, the development of both foreign and diplomats at that time, and they were always conducted implicitly, covertly, so they cannot know everything that we would like to know, let's say, but how this process took place, here are the cossacks , somewhere in the poltava region or in the sich region, they must have someone appear, who will call them to work, promise something, they were the same cossacks, or some foreigners came, that's how this process happened, well , no one canceled the word-of-mouth radio, and in those days when the cossacks in

the second in the middle of the 16th century turned into a respectable military force , their services were in demand on the market, especially golf, and so on, and for the cossacks this mercenary was like manna from heaven, because they again tied it not only to obtaining military bread , but also to their social ones demands in the polish-lithuanian commonwealth, because competing for their place in the social structure and striving to equalize with the nobility in terms of their rights and privileges to enter the closed club of social elites there. they had to have some kind of excuse for this, they, they put pressure on the nobility of the ukrainian commonwealth in general in the same way, and they demanded agreements in written form, signs of recognition, oh wait, the signs of the agreement prescribe what, what means signs of recognition, here

we are going somewhere to war and what a contract is the contract, where there are corresponding addresses in the letters, and we see that actually the austrian emperor and the pope of rome, and the moldavian and wallachia masters write to them as men of war, men of chivalry, and then as to natives, that is, they put them on the same level in this rhetoric with the nobility, the cossacks then this, as if... pricking the eyes of the ukrainian nobility that you are a place next to yourself, but in the 17th century, in the first half of the 17th century, the same practices were used in relations with... the swedish king with the crimean khan

in general during the first of this military-political union of the cossacks with the brothers magmet and shagingirey on the crimean throne, they demanded an agreement directly with the zaporizhzhya army as a separate entity, to throw out from the original text of the agreement any mention of any mention of warsaw, what a year, let it be 1624, to emphasize the subjectivity of the zaporizhzhya army, that is, here they were appendages of someone else's property, without official pay, because they really had a salary, and here mr. oleksiy can say in more detail, because he objected to it. so what kind of worthlessness is this, why are you throwing away yours, well let's go to my brothers, you are abandoning your farm, if you lived there somewhere

at home on your farm or in the village, you are going somewhere for 3-9 lands, for what, well, first of all, in no army at that time there was a soldier or an officer, and so it will be for a very long time, at least until the 19th century, because the states have not yet learned to accumulate a sufficient amount of money, a queue of cash in order to pay for military services in a timely and generous manner, so the soldier is fed by war, trophies, first of all, they exceed approximately a minimum of five times, this is the salary received, for example, by a mercenary, as for the cossacks, the stakes of their mourning , but they had their advantages, first of all, this is the opportunity to get rich with trophies in the war, yes, because these trophies are not only, let's say, money. jewels, well, all that can be sold are prisoners, which are also traded, and why, and others who did not claim trophies, they were shared, but

in the case of successful operations, these trophies, well, how about the first campaigns, say khmelnytskyi, the uprising bohdan khmelnytskyi, yes, they could, which were equal to the three-year budgets of the commonwealth of independent states, imagine, that is for the army, it was a colossal front, in general , the war at that time, it still continues, as in the past. to be one of the segments of the economy, this is a very rapid redistribution of wealth, a violent method, and the profits from trade or from handicrafts, they were not equal to the value of military trophies, that is why the war and military trophies lived for so long, as a phenomenon in the history of viktor anatolyovych in the volume , that the cossacks really had this experience of participating in wars as mercenaries, he not only finalized them. not as a military force, he instilled in them very important things that concerned law, because military law in europe, contract law, contract law for mercenaries, it began to develop

actually back in the renaissance, in italy was such a primordial with its condottieri and condottieri dynasties, where injuries, or compensation payments to the family in in case of his death, these units of mercenaries had their own lawyers, that is, this military law was already sufficiently developed at the time of the appearance of the cossacks in europe.