in central asia, the caucasus, nothing and no one could stop the mongol invasion. in 1223 , russian princes encountered them for the first time. in the battle on the kalka river - this is the current donetsk region, the united princes of the army were thoroughly defeated. at this moment , genghis khan dies. the western part of the empire, or ulus, goes to juchi's son. however, in our territories ulus juchi are better known as the golden horde. the newly formed state was not exclusively nomadic. cities were built. there was a developed commercial agricultural production, which means trade. however the main fishing was still military. 13 years after the battle of kalka , mongol troops led by genghis khan's grandson baty or batuhan begin a large-scale campaign to the west. its geography is impressive: the russian principalities, poland and hungary, transcaucasia and german lands, croatia and the austrian duchy, bosnia, serbia and bulgaria. the lands conquered by the mongols stretched from

korea in the east to the danube in the west, which made their empire the largest state of the 13th century. a golden horde is coming from the east, you are on the main one in these lands, but you still have to actually go to bow, was that so? yes, indeed, all the princes of russia traveled for some 100 years, some dynasties for 100 years, some 200, some 300, some traveled for someone in the horde so that the yarlyk itself gave the right to rule in a certain territory, gave the right to collect tribute and transfer it to the vorda, gave the right to princely power , well, as a rule, the vordi asserted dynastic rights, but it happened, for example, with the same chernyagin prince mykhailo, that yes , some did not return, yes, someone was killed, someone was considered a strong opponent, like michael, for example, there, well, he is a saint now

, the orthodox, yes, michael, and his boyar fedor, yes, in the black temple, she is honored, yes, he refused to go through certain procedures for admission to the khan, yes , they, they, no, there, it was necessary to go through the fire, well, you understand that for a christian, the fire is fire, it is an allusion to hell, yes, well, according to legend, he refused what was really there, we don’t know, but that’s how it is , in his own life, he was nicknamed mykhailo svyatosh, so danylo went to the ward, but his... status was very different from, for example, what was the status of the zalet princes, why, for example, that is, the northern princes, so that people would be happy with that, yes, why, because , for example, we know that baskak came to volodymyr zelesky , yes, and in principle there was a mongolian official who directly observed the collection until now, the tatars there conducted censuses in order to actually see how many taxes this baskak and actually his henchman... the local

prince had to collect at the behest of the horde, all of this it was not in halych and volyn, but on the other hand side, that is, the dependence was less, but on the other hand they approved the prince, the local prince was forced to go on military campaigns together with the mongols, and this got out of hand, danylo, why? now we know that danilo really won the first victory over the mongols, over kurimsa, this is a separate story, yes, but then burundai comes, he must have acted on his own fear and risk, because danila was not punished for that, then a year later burundai comes, who governor of the horde and tells danylo, yes, that i am going to lithuania, well, danylo quietly goes to poland, at the head of the army volynskyi and halytskyi, vasylko and lev danylovich are going with burundi, that is, they had to go with the invaders, despite the fact that these neighbors were allies, and there was no one to understand

the status of the military-political union? in southwestern russia or in the southern part of russia, as in igo's understanding, there was no occupation as such, that is, danilo received a label, he had self-government and sent taxes, and by the way, not as often as in northern russia, in northern russia, we can talk about igu, full control, and why was there such a difference, and because this is, firstly, because they came to the northern russia earlier, secondly, the political, economic, and diplomatic intelligence of certain leaders, princes, and thirdly, what is important, danylo was smart, he understood the issue of compromises for his benefit and for the benefit of his kingdom, or his principality, that is, his movement, because when

he was in the horde, he sat on the right hand of the khan, this increased his status, and when we mentioned his struggle with kuremsa, then the great ha did not react to the fact that danylo defeated him, it meant what level self-government, sovereignty belonged to danylo, but at the same time, when danylo expressed his desire to take direct control over kiev, he was refused, and he wisely did not start to escalate relations, and danylo was forced to dismantle several fortresses, it is not necessary. .. to understand, dismantle the fortress for what, so as not to be a threat to the horde, there was a requirement to dismantle the most, because he , as he was speaking, he fortified cities, founded new cities, for example, there is kremenets, and he fortified them and restored old fortresses, these are the mongols, from their

point of view intelligently predicted the future danger, in order to influence and prevent even this small but dependent one from jumping out from under them. and this was then a demand, but we must not forget about the eyes that i spoke of the western and northern , that is, lithuania, hungary, poland, another aspect, these boyars, also sponsored an internal contradiction, that is, there was an underground that fought allegedly against the mongols, but at the same time against the prince, and these are bolotov people, who were making their own... movement there, and it also had an effect, he needed time to tame the internal opposition, which was sponsored by the oligarchs, that is why his position was extremely undermined , such a good policy, in principle, the son of danyla was the heir, declared before this campaign

the heir of the grand duke of lithuania, no, shvarna, but, unfortunately, through marriage with with mindovga's daughter, but unfortunately, this campaign broke this future union, and then it turned out that not only russian princes became the leaders of the grand duchy of lithuania, but lithuanian princes actually conquered russia over time, yes, well, they didn’t conquer it, they incorporated it, it’s more correct to say, well, you know, after all, the battles were recorded, it ’s still a conquest, but they annexed volyn thanks to a marriage alliance, but it’s the 14th century, it’s later, what territories are we talking about in general , when we talk about danylo romanovych, how far the borders reached, let's say, well, first of all, what kind of danylo volyn, yes, that's how we say volyn, yes, it's not talin, what is now, it's not the volyn region, it is more, yes, because three times

more, yes, this is volyn, the borders in volyn they reached berest, in the north it is urban, danylo, he is not only white and fluffy , well, for example, danylo is responsible for the genocide of an entire people, yes, after all, danylo made several campaigns in the yatva land, this is southern, western belarus and southern lithuania, after which the yatva are never mentioned again in historical sources, that is, he knows, he destroyed an entire nation , well, it is not customary to talk about it now, but this, but this is a fact recorded in the annals, that's all, tvyags disappear from historical sources, that is, the borders reached southern lithuania, where the borders of volyn reached that's how we mentioned the bolokhiv princes, this, this is podillia, this is the territory of the modern zhytomyr region, we know that danylo managed, twice managed to annex kyiv, in the west the territory of the possessions

of volyn, goes relatively far into the territory of modern poland, yes, even the capital danyla kholm, his favorite place chelm, is now on the territory of the republic of poland, but... on kholm , yes, the question may arise, why did he do it as if on the edge of russia, in fact it was not the edge of russia, volyn itself went far beyond hill. possession of volyn and possession of halych is such a tangle of contradictions and different dynastic rights. and holm, helm, yes, this is the conquest of the prince, yes, this is what belonged to the savas and danilo himself. that is, to transfer the capital from halych to a new one on a new land, yes, where there are no boyars of halych, volhynia, he was already only his fatherland, no one could throw away the rights to and the main plus, it was as far as possible from the steppes, where the mongols were, that is, yes, this is another

plus, and the plus is that it is a very fortified place, you must see the holm, it is called that chelm, he is on a hill and the principality of galicia is the territory of modern transnistria and that 's right up to the borders. and partially entering the territory of moldova, there is a very controversial question, whether the territory of modern bessarabia was supported by the galician princes or not a passage to the danube, yes, kiev took it? kyiv and the rest of the bank no longer belong to it, did it take kyiv and a piece of poltava region, for example, the territory of kyiv possessions on the left bank of the dnieper was relatively small, there was already mostly the territory of the chernihiv and priyaslovsky principalities, not far from for the territory of modern kyiv is not, to put it more figuratively, when we look from the balconies on the right bank to the left bank of the dnieper, this is the chernihiv principality, well, now it is true, sometimes they joke that it is the chernihiv province, because. and later in the 18th and 19th centuries it was already visible here and there on the left bank of the chernigov province.

i could also add a claim to the kingdom of russia, it’s not that it’s not true, but an insolent lie, those ikrov, when they lie, there is a label from khan, and there are constant intrigues, there are wars, and suddenly danylo romanovych gets the offer of the crown from the actual pope, it was not like that, well, it was not suddenly , yes, because this is a matter of... receiving the crown, these negotiations continued for another 10 years, yes,

his, his father still wanted to receive this crown, yes, well, first of all, yes, when they say that danilo i, the king of russia, is, not that it is not true, but an urgent lie, the first person who received, the first ruur, a representative of the rurik family, who received the crown from the pope, are almost unknown according to our chronicles, the son, grandson of yaroslav the wise, yaropolk, yes, izislav expelled his father. from kyiv, his own brothers, he was troubled for a long time in western europe, in fact, and in order to be given an army , he recognized the sovereignty of the pope, but being an orthodox himself, he did not dare to receive the crown, his son was crowned, and there is a gorgeous miniature from the prayer book of gertrude, the mother of this hieropolk, how exactly the pope crowns a russian crown with the crown of russia, but no one noticed it in russia, he himself... father did not want to mention it, because in terms of connections, yes, this crown did not

weigh anything here in this system of values, because it weighed ties with byzantium. then the king of russia, paul mentioned was the tsar prince koloman, yes, the son of andres, king of hungary. what changed, at the beginning of the 13th century, why suddenly this - the western crown - began to weigh for the princes of russia, byzantium is disappearing. from the political map 1203, 1004, the fourth campaign of christ and the crusades capture constantinople , what used to be the center, seemed to be the center of the world, yes , constantinople, yes, where the emperor sat, who personified the highest power for russia, because in the system of political values, russia , belonged to, byzantine, the so-called byzantine commonwealth of nations, but christ's campaign, these put an end to the system of values, and now russia began to look for new landmarks in

this new world, of course, the close ties of the romanovychs, roman and his son in western europe, of course, opened up prospects for receiving the crown, yes, suddenly this western european crown began weigh more than the recognition of constantinople, why actually the negotiations about the crown began immediately after the mongol invasion, the mongols did not leave europe just like that, they were gathering, the supreme khan died, yes, and there were mongols who were already almost standing on the border of italy, imagine yes, even they entered the modern territory of italy, but suddenly they turned back, they were not defeated, the supreme tank died, the khans , they went back, to elect the supreme khan, the khans were always going to return, in europe they understood this, so it was very important in including for the pope...' in those days of the system of christian campaigns, the christian campaign against

the mongols, of course, this requires some logistics, we understand this very well now during the russian-ukrainian war, because these knees are from supplies, yes , they play, that is rome wanted the same buffer that we actually have now, and not only the buffer, but also the galician volyn land was on the way to this future, as the papacy thought. a crusade, such a territory where the crusading army could get, eat , yes, actually, well, in principle, these local warriors still had some ... experience, he with nomads, yes, this is also very important, but these negotiations continued for some time, they continued not only with danylo, we know from the chronicles that the crown was even offered to alexander nevsky, this is a very well-known plot and a picture has even been painted of how alexander nevsky refused, yes, and for the promise of christ's campaign against the mongols, danylo agreed to this

crown, but he was buried not in his capital, but in distant dorohychyn, dorohychyn is simple.. .' not for nothing, this dorogychyn, he conquered in the order, yes , dorogychynsky separately, the dobhyn order, and that is, in this way the order depended on the pope, thus the pope crowning danylo in dorogyny, the pope recognized this conquest of danylo, and -secondly, this territory is not legally, as such did not belong to the mongol empire, yes, that is, it was still under the jurisdiction of the pope, and somehow it was conquered into the dorogychensky order, that is, danylo tried so hard for the cooks, yes to pass, but this alliance against the mongols, unfortunately, did not succeed, none of the european rulers, he did not respond to the pope's call for this christian campaign to go on this christian campaign, that's why danylo actually took a lot of risk by receiving this crown, but

the consequences in the fight against the mongols were not few, but on the other hand, his descendants this crown after all... they continued to receive, and the status of the kingdom was finally established, the kings of russia were fixed for his descendants, danylo, leo, they were not baptized, they were not crowned, but the grandchildren of danylo received this crown, we must add an important thing that they forget about at that time , when byzantium disappears, there were still negotiations with the serbian prince, also, when he was crowned, there was a concession, catholicism or not catholicism, i just wanted to ask you about faith, because danylo romanovych is a representative of the church of greece, rome is a completely different church, the split had already passed at that moment, he takes the crown in fact, from unbelievers, or it didn't matter that much then, it already did, but there was another thing that was forgotten, when the first coronation run-in by the pope, so to speak, took place in

orthodox jurisdictions, that is in serbia, and then the pope also made concessions. "you are crowned, but you can not take over the faith de jure, it was a political step, and at that moment, what was happening around danylo, he refused, because in principle, the crown at a certain moment, at a certain time, did not weigh anything, that is, when the time came, he refused several times, even more a year before that, he refused, but another issue arose, then they were crowned in poland. and then mendovkh accepted the crown, lithuania, that is, it was already a status threat to danylo himself, at the level of who i am among others, and it had to be done from a political point of view, because it was necessary to become not inferior to mindovh and certain

polish korzes who became kings, and it was a geopolitical political move, in addition, the struggle for the austrian heritage was not only ruled by the pope in europe, at that time there was a great struggle in europe between the emperor and dad and danylo took an active part in this with his sons, and these schedules were also influenced not only by the mongolian aspect, but also by the intra-european one, the affluence of the people of europe, on whose power danylo ramanovich was, danylo, as we can see, if he agreed to accept the crown , so it was on papal. but was there any temptation for him to convert to catholicism, or were the boyars breathing down his back and negotiations were taking place, first of all, it was not innocent himself who gave him the crown, well, the crown was given by his legate, innocent, who was also a relative of the pope, and during the first negotiations, it was agreed that a joint

ceremony in the church sense, mixed and orthodox, would be held. and er, and almost said greek catholics, and catholics, that is, it was a religious compromise. danilo should not have converted to catholicism, but should only have formed a political bloc with the papacy, because not only christ's campaign, but as i have already mentioned the european wars between the emperor, the holy roman empire of the german people and the vatican , and there were two big ones, it was terrible a long war that practically destroyed europe. and danylo took part in this game, also, it was not a crown, as shown in the movie, it was actually an obot, a gold, yes, a crown, practically, which was put on him naked. that is, we imagine now, the king is something so magnificent, a procession, a coronation, such as we see is happening in london, then everything was different, yes, this, it was a military and political need, in addition, it

gave but when internal perversions began in vordi, it was time for him to enter this union and, the campaign of christ, it is often said in our country that danylo called the campaign of christ, in fact, it was papa's idea, as we rightly said, danylo just had to join. with its pros and cons of all this, and it was a risk, he got involved, but it was precisely in this european internal contradiction that they did not give the opportunity to create this christ-like united coalition against the mongols. in addition, why did he accept the crown in a precious place, because at that time a new order was advancing and danylo captured it, it was not a village, on the border of ukraine. with poland in today's poland, a small town, it was a strong fortress and

a very important city, being crowned there, danylo secured this territory for himself, and it was also important for him, in contrast to the strengthening of lithuania, in contrast to the strengthening of the new order in the north, which calmed the order, because when they first began to make their first pledge there and they sent the first deposit, danylo did not think about it. immediately struck at them , that is, without waiting for the approach of large forces, and it was also secured behind it, and thus danylo, being crowned, killed several political security around him, as european, as well as eastern european and asian in general, including domestic ones, but his son no longer needed to be crowned, leo was constantly fighting, he proved his importance without the need for a crown, because under his son, the geopolitical situation was already a little different, already the grandson was crowned , therefore, the crown is a temporary need or need, in particular for

us, and when this chain of coronations ended, who was the last king, well , if you say, paul says that danylo was crowned, levne was crowned, and the grandson was crowned again, and andriy, then left, and then through marriages, we succeeded: the union with lithuania and what andriy said, dynastically lithuania began to lay claim to volhynia, and then it developed into what we know as the grand duchy of lithuania, where exactly is the lithuanian branch that accepted orthodoxy' i was there, there is one delicate point, yes, here, well, first of all, the pope still led the talks about the union, yes, danylo successfully avoided them, it was a project of papikenti, yes, who was ready to make various compromises, but as soon as nokentius died, the pasto's policy towards these lands

changed, not only because they were so evil the popes, who were there when i was a soviet boyhood, they told all the time that they were always scheming against the movement, yes, but also because danylo actually had his own policy regarding europe, we already mentioned the union with lithuania, that is, danylo went... to the poles in alliance with the lithuanians, and the lithuanians at that time were pagans, just imagine, yes, we mentioned how vasylko and lev went with the mongols, not only to lithuania, but then to the polish sandomierz with the mongols, and here are the successors, innocent's successors declared that the russians were enemies of christianity, just like the mongols, and that's why, for a certain time, the salvo, as allies of the mongols. it was impossible to talk about the fact that the pope crowned danylo's son, because the russian princes were actually forced to participate in the mongol campaigns and, having their own interests

, alliances with the lithuanians in the campaigns of the lithuanians to the christian polish lands, and then the situation changed again, yes, and again it was possible to talk about the coronation, that is, politics, but why do soviet historiographies in some places call the coronation a fake one that did not happen? there were kings, there were kings, that's you do you remember, or maybe older people remember, that even when we mentioned danylo halytskyi,

this halytskyi was, so to speak, provincial. and about his descendants, they generally avoided studying history even in universities on istfaqs, this was a purposeful political calculation about the destruction of our historical heritage, and this meant the destruction of dignity, pride and self-awareness by someone, and in this way it was easy to create little russians, then it is easy to create a large... russian nation that incorporates into itself everyone, and then the commonwealth with the soviet commonwealth, and how do you feel about the theory that the kingdom formed by danylo romanovych ceased to exist only in 1918, well, this is actually not a theory, because the russian kingdom appeared in the titles of the austrian emperors, it changed all the time the name changed, ladameria was also mentioned there, yes, yes, but that is... legally

, all this is due to the monarchical principle , the right of inheritance, and passing from one dynasty to another, from one dynasty to another others, in fact, this entire kingdom of russia legally existed formally and existed until 1918, i can even say, if i were hypothetically, i am sitting in africa, and i have a far, far away 30th, someone would be... a drop from rurkovich from rusi, i could add a claim to this kingdom of rusi, or to the principality of rusi , that is, it is very important to take into account the issue of marriage and dynasticism, if you have any clue, even a little, you can wait, or they will die, or they will kill you, or they will poison you, and a step will go to you. the only thing i remind you is that according to the constitution, ukraine is a republic, so

this is actually possible only in africa. the logic of things at that time, why we sometimes get confused and remember that somewhere in austria someone called himself rosy, this is an insurance card, if it were in a passport, i suddenly realized that i am there, and should danylo romanovych appear on ukrainian money, let's end with this, of course, of course we have to, because in... i already started with this, yes, it's hard to imagine what impression this coronation made on contemporaries, yes, we don't say how we perceive it now, yes, on su, secondly, actually, a modern view of the history of ukraine, it is built on the historical scheme of mykhailo hrushevsky, just like in russia, yes, they actually built this straight line, yes, legacies from rurik to putin, even

such a book was published from rurik to putin. yes, in fact, it went through there, through alexander nevsky, through his descendants of the moscow princes, yes, hrushevsky also built the same scheme of ukrainian history, which is direct and once raisa ivanchenko flattened the book before putin from kyiv to kravchuk, in fact, ka, but the name was, yes, yes, yes, yes, here, that is, mykhailo hrushevskyi, the most outstanding historian who wrote, well, perhaps our only grand narrative. science, he drew this straight line through the galician-volyn state, well, he actually invented this galician-volyn state, because they were united for a relatively short period of time, that's why i said prince volynsky separately, prince galician separately, yes, this is also a scheme, schemes of hrushevsky, but in principle, this grand narrative is now the only one, and the direct inheritance is now from russia to modern ukraine, it does not go right here in kyiv, yes, but like this

zigzag, through lviv, yes, and through halych, through lviv, through chelm and back, well, yes , well, after all, we will do without territorial claims, this is a very delicate issue, but we must remember, thank you for this paragraph, andriy plakhonin, pavlo haynyzhnyk, be sure to subscribe, comment, did you know that we discussed today how big danylo romanovych's kingdom was and how he got that crown, be sure to like it, it's important for us, and see you in the next paragraph. you look