boatmen, who by and large all knew how to fight, here are these swords, what for what, but they came and settled with us, did they become farmers, or were they soldiers farmers? herodotus writes that farmers live on the territory of scythia, that is, scythia is such a conventional name, and various autochthonous tribes live here, which used to live here. when scythians, nomads come, and this is a repeated arrival, it seems to me that there were some such waves, gradually scythians with farmers, apparently such an interaction takes place there, and as a result of this interaction and a state was formed, and this was already the fourth, fourth century bc.

in the forest-steppe environment, which was covered by the scythians, there were farmers, but still the scythians were cattle herders , there were scythians, aggression was embedded in the very method of the scythian economy, because they needed pastures, good pastures, then they were here for 500 years, and then even more scythians were here, and of course, a lot happened during that time, they adopted a lot of greek culture for themselves, although i think... they didn’t accept strangers there at all and to listen to all these people there let's say the fashionable popular of that time, even flautists refused, but they actually lived near the south of ukraine, there were also greek ecologies, so everything is correct, that is, the problem is that there was such a certain interesting alliance, on the coast of the black sea there were small , but still greek cities, colonies, this is the terminal of greek culture and the main thing is... who collected grain from

the forest-steppe part of scythia, and the scythians acted as guarantors, because this is grain , that is how it is now practical that this grain will reach coast and that further this grain will already go to mainland greece, and to eastern greece as well, and by the way, one of the factors of the war is considering not so much revenge for some three generations ago, so to speak , the campaigns of skov in front asia. but rather some kind of grain problem, well, modernity shows that, apparently , there is always grain from our lands, the problem is that our chernozems, they have always been and are extremely productive, and actually they could provide food for a large number of people.

i don't want to be here, you know, a gunner for blacks archaeologists, what did the scythians look like? well, we laugh, i guess when one of the ancients came here... well, i guess he was a traveler, it was very cold, he was very cold, and he wrote something, scythians are all similar to each other and generally very ugly, but another writes that the entire skov tribe is blue-eyed and red-haired, and why red-haired, because it is very cold here, and this makes the hair white. so they wrote, and

herodotus generally writes about the fact that scythian women take good care of themselves, they make cosmetic masks, rub the bark of trees, e cypress and apply at night, remove all this in the morning, and the skin is very beautiful, shiny and smells very good, but nothing has changed. erodno writes about them like this, we have portraits of scythians, the portraits of scythians were transmitted by the greeks just perfectly , it is the men, here on the same, haimanov cup, there are very beautiful men, as mozolevskii wrote, in the eyes of the wisdom of the steppe leaders, they were placed the greeks set an example to their youth, who were said to be victorious and beautiful scythians, and you... even their hair began

to curl, well, that is, they are not like that at all anymore, and the portraits of women are always greek, well, i don’t know, how can this be explained, but in fact ... we don't have good portraits of women, reconstructions also give an opportunity to talk about the social role of women, and it was quite high, among scythians women even had a lot of rights, they had to fight there were, sometimes they had to, why, because these are the same amazons about whom... recently, elena fialko's book about the scythian amazons was published, she observed that a large number of women had to take up arms. in fact, and in popular culture, the scythians are known, thanks to their gold jewelry, pectoralis,

here, in particular, pectorals, where did this tradition of burying in mounds, building them, putting not only decorations, but also sacrifices, originated. the world, a respected scythian, well already at the level of the king, or a relative of the king, was accompanied, from seven to 11 people accompanied him, that is, a person died, and he, so to speak, in order to provide for him in the afterlife in addition to a large number cattle that went for food, in addition to a large number of horses, on the feedlot, of course, there were several cauldrons with various foods left, amph. with wine to ten to two dozen, and he was buried with his horses, but in order to send him to the burial chamber, he was hit on the head with a sharp ax, well, a cleaver, that means a special ax, a small scabbard, in other cases , probably just somewhere with the help of hands or

string deprived people of their lives, but where did this tradition come from, well, we see such a tradition of lavish burials in egypt, for example, our burial mounds, this tradition is different from... of course, but with us , the scythians probably had a slightly different one, well philosophy, let's say so, death is a non-final act, because a person goes to the other side, to the other world, and there he continues his life and so on, that is, there is that world and there is this world, and death is not final. well, herodotus writes that the tsar could be placed on the bed, but the wife was often not buried next to the tsar,

a special grave was made for the wife, and we have such a mound near the village of novoselky in the vinnytsia region, and there... a man and a woman, there were gold plates, headdress ornaments, then plates with which to sew clothes, ornaments necklaces, bracelets, well, this is such a set, let's say this, they all have such, you know, traces of a marriage, marriage outfit, why, because in the afterlife the marriage of this very woman will take place. with the king, but already mystical, in whom the scythians generally believed, the greeks live nearby, who have a whole olympus of gods, and among the scythians, well, it is believed, if you believe herodotus, that the scythians bow to almost no one, although they bow to seven gods, but the sanctuary puts to only one

god, the god of war, ares, well, again, no, it's scythians, scythians, scythians, the name of the god is greek, i don't know what the scythians called him, the god herodotus, but... but he appears as ares, and the sword on which the blood of every hundredth of the captives was poured appears as the very hypostasis of that god. probably, let's say, the farn or symbol of this god, in addition to the sword, was also a wild boar, because they depicted even a wild boar with wings. skifans had to maintain this warlike spirit, and they were like that, because the people who live... in the steppe and actually unlike farmers, they are not afraid of blood, and that's why they were invincible, and that's exactly why herodotus writes that it is very difficult to defeat the scythians , they also have no bridges, they are like an enemy, they are extremely dangerous, the fact that the scythians

had a kind of state, it was, let's say, a nomadic empire, but it was structured, there was a kind of rank report. uhu, that is, we also do this, we fix it at the level of graves, huhu, if our research rests on herodotus and on the graves, yes, and on the mound, because well, what is left of the nomad, huhu. well, either they were burned, or in a burnt hillfort, or barrows, and if these barrows are systematized, it turns out that there are mounds of kings, there are not many of them, maybe three or four, actually kings, because everyone says, oh, a fat grave, a pectoral, but a pectoral is not a royal grave, a pectoral is the third level, it is, well, according to our terms, well, the secretary of the regional committee speaking, speaking in bulgarian, yes, here, but, but, but there were, there were. the tsars were relatives of the tsar , and then

, well, there were probably at least four, or even five, of those social elites, the more the authors write that he was not from the family of simple scythians, he was from the family of cap-bearers, that is, those who wore caps, sharp caps, they already had a certain social status, and accordingly we have the smallest mounds, it is 400 cubic meters, relatively speaking, well, its height will be somewhere around 4.5-5 meters, eh, then 8-9 meters, again such a difference in height, because they were often robbed, and the top was cut off like in an anthill, and even into the depths, yes, and deep , well, in the draft there are generally record depths there, 16 m deep underground , five-story buildings go down and to a certain extent what the scythians they didn't have palaces, but theirs were underground, yes, underground. not palaces, they were because, let's say, deep in the ground, all these walls were decorated with fabrics, er, or

decorated in some other way, and there they made, made a certain comfort, and hayman's grave, and a thick grave, where there was a pectoral, and there was also a row of barrows , er, well, they, let’s say, really , we can find up to seven or eight such ones there, but the higher we go, those mounds become fewer and fewer, and suddenly we make a mistake, and somewhere there is a ruined mound, and we want to know that... isn't it the king, but if the horses in that mound are all in gold, that's the king, that's what, that's what mound was it, what grave, well, it will be the oguz mound, the chertomlyk mound, and the other mounds we have are all different, what we call royal, they are not quite royal, because alexandropol, like the royal mound, is so tall, it is really it is smaller, and in it there is wonderful, fantastic silver on the horses, the horses are preserved the best, because they... they were not robbed, and all the other complexes have been destroyed, but suddenly something will be preserved somewhere there.

scythians are all similar to each other, nothing has changed, whoever controls ancient special archeology controls the control package belonging to europe, you yourself took part in the excavations, well, for 50 or so years, i excavated the largest scythian mound and the deepest scythian mound, there are many nuances with mounds, and actually it is better to just see it either in person or on a series of photographs that ... to explain, each mound is individual, and you understand that, it is often difficult for words, it is very interesting, because in each mound we

can find a lot of information, which one impressed you the most? kurgan, yes, oh, i don't even know, i'm all for it, where there are any elements by which we can, well, build up what the clothes looked like, what rituals were performed at the same time, the decorations that were found in the melitopol barrow are very interesting, well, a very interesting barrow, we love it very much also, why, because there in the burial of a man, the burial of a man was robbed, but there was a so-called hiding place, a hiding place, where some things were hidden, and in the hiding place they found... a plate that was the decoration of a gorit, a case for a bow and arrows, but why do we especially

love, because it was 1954, and with the hermitage received a request that we are waiting for you to hand over these things that were found in the melitopol barrow, as it was previously established, it was established in the past. everything was transferred there, but our archaeologists are employees of the institute of archaeology, archaeology, well, in general, the intelligentsia. came forward with the idea of ​​creating their own museum in kyiv, well, this is a very, let's say, bureaucratic machine, they returned for a very long time, turned to the president of the ukrainian academy of sciences, and finally, on november 22

, the document on creation was signed. that's it museum, so today our museum is 60 years old, i congratulate you, the paragraph will come out a little later, but it’s already 60 years, yeah, yes, 60 years, and sometimes they ask, how is it that you have left a pectoral , that it was not taken away, i wanted to ask you about this, how did you manage to save the pectoral, and because we had our own museum, we not only have the pectoral, but also beautiful gold ones had already been found. things and an exposition was already built according to a certain structure, everything was a museum in 1954, when they asked to give it there, he also played a certain role academician paladin was the vice president of the academy of sciences of those times, after that the director of the institute was fedir pavlovich shevchenko, a wonderful

historian and actually a normal ukrainian, and petro was his partner to a certain extent. tronko, thanks to their position , there were no longer even conversations to convey anything to anyone, it remained here, then they somehow started to mention something there, they wanted to, they didn’t want to, although there is a certain sense in this issue, because russia entered crimea on two wings, one wing - the black sea fleet, the other - a large number of archaeological ones expeditions, moreover, in those expeditions 200, 600 people each worked with local children, who were simply converted there with the help of... the same russian church, especially in crimea there was no need to convert, only push, but again after all, the russian authorities are aware that whoever controls ancient special archeology controls, let's say , this control package of belonging to europe, and because we

have many ancient monuments, we therefore, with full right to say so, can say that we are ... were and are europe is over there, and it’s more difficult over there , well, they’ve been trying to steal this history from us for a long time, even oleksandr blok still called russians scythians, that is, it’s from here that the legs grow , to legitimize their state through russia and even through the kythians, well, in us it's just that russia was stolen like a blanket and that's why, but then again , it's all the same here and that's why it's actually a variegated culture. and multi-layered culture, and even archeology is complex, and then ethnography is also complex, even ukrainian ethnography, it is there for the terrain, let’s say, of eastern europe, it is the most like that, well, with a rich palette, there is nothing to compare it with in russia, and unless there may be a plague there, some other examples are given there, well, many would like the scythians to be our

ancestors directly, but there are no, well they are there, well, well, to whom, whom, whom, as it pleases, someone can have 1.64. and who may have one 128, and some may have more, but don't forget that there were still many peoples who also left traces, the only one who has, let's say a direct one, but again there at the level of cousins , grandchildren, these are ossetians, that is, ossetians they are most similar to the only people of the caucasus, which is not muslim, christian, there is such a connection, scythians, sarmatians, alans, ossetians, that is... but also, each tribe had its own differences and was added from something.

probably the most painful question is who looted the skivsk kurgans, when did it start? oh, you know, this is a very interesting question , it became especially interesting to me when i, well , i looked at it, it seems that the barrow was stolen, but a lot of gold was left behind, but for some reason, it is completely incomprehensible, here is little chortomlyk. it seems that they were completely robbed, they robbed twice, they robbed once in the 19th century, because they found the remains of a lighting torch. and the first time they robbed was in the time of skov, but beautiful things remained there, they did not see if there was any taboo, well, that is

, with burial, with robbery, it seems to me that it is very, very interesting there, well, yura may even know more, because the only thing about looting, the older generation of our archaeologists in general believed that the sarmatians were the most active and looted scythians, well it is... more, well, maybe it was like that, maybe, i don’t rule it out, but why did they say that, because there is a so-called sarmatian gold-turquoise style, the sarmatians, unlike the scythians , have light gold, such openwork, and quite exquisite, and there are such rough, powerful, large pieces, which are called a lot of yellow metal, and they thought that it was just the sarmatians who used the kiev graves as a kind of especially the young generation, well, maybe because they should have seen excavated mounds, but they have read a lot, and they have a different opinion, that's why

that there were cult robberies, and there are indeed, well, there are many examples in world ethnography, when celestials are visited, there is a version that someone feeds them, someone takes something, someone took some dishes, well , in fact, well, that is not all. .. so clearly, but i think that over time all this will be laid out on the shelves and a direct answer, that is, a more accurate answer to your question, will be found over time. you know, this is the question i ask historians, because it seems that everything that could be researched should have been researched, and you say that what else sometimes there will be answers: is there still in ukraine, on our territory, what to research about the scythians, he does not want to be here, you know, a gunner for black archaeologists, but, i have, i have several painful... monuments already so to speak, i realize that i won't have to dig them, but now there are digital cameras, many different drives and a range

of analyzes that can now even on the very bones, you can extract the entire diet program, what those people ate and so on and so on, that's why it really makes sense, but with on the one hand, take your time, but on the other hand , you need to protect and preserve them, because... they are just crushed, crushed, by the ignorant, and, well, people don’t understand, they, he drags things from the grave to his home in a collection, well what's the point, your family is here and things are here, well, let 2500 years have passed or 200 or even more than 700, but no, there is no place for these things in an apartment and a place in a museum, and people show off, buy, rebuy and and and they say that archaeologists fools, we bypassed them, here we are, and what are you proud of... that there was a big, beautiful bun, you are the highlight of it pulled it out and the loaf disappeared, yes, it is , these are the things that are not richer, they really have a place in a museum, i hope that all the treasures

stolen from ukraine from ukraine will return to us, we will be able to see them in museums, and maybe one day it will even be possible to make the mound itself a museum so that you can go down to see it, i, for example, dream of seeing with my own eyes how it is arranged, we tried to do it on the promise. museums, but the problem is, the german experience shows that the germans had their own graves in them, it is necessary to be visited all the time, if only you you close this mound for the winter , no matter how much insulation there is, moisture condensation still occurs there , it’s cold around, it’s warm there, and that means it is destroyed, it is necessary, well, here it is necessary to think about this system, although of course for future generations, in general, so to speak, this is our past, it must be well preserved, and and and and most importantly for... archaeologists, like no one else , understand that we, we are here, so to speak, a part of this long chain, and it must be passed on , so that it does not disappear and continue,

maybe in the future it will be given a better interpretation, we now we give him, well, he should not disappear with us, thank you very much for this paragraph, lyubov klitschko, yuriy boltryk, scythologists , about the people who lived on our territory for many centuries, so be sure to subscribe, be sure comment what's for you? opening in this topic, well, see you in the new paragraph, thank you, thank you, i wish you good health, dear ukrainians, ukrainians, spent... the bet various questions, various aspects of defense lasted almost 3 hours, questions of the military, questions of veterans, questions brigades, issues of fortifications,

issue of weapons production. separately, we are working to implement all our agreements with partners regarding new weapons production, joint productions, and a joint repair base. the task is to strengthen ukraine as much as possible and every month should add strength to our defense. now i want to celebrate our defenders of the sky: in one last night alone, they destroyed 30 shaheds, a powerful result, and in total , 104 shaheds have already been destroyed this week. the 12 used by russia, the majority, and the destruction of each, is a life saved, saved infrastructure. i thank all the soldiers of our mobile fire groups, pilots and engineers of the air force and all our anti-aircraft fighters, well done, there were this week and the shooting down of missiles, including ballistic, patriots, nasams, cheetahs and other systems provided by partners, work differently, i thank everyone

in the world, who... is helping, we are also preparing the further strengthening of air defense, this has already been agreed, and at almost every meeting i have with leaders, in almost all negotiations, this topic, the topic of air defense, will be more systems, more defense of the sky. and more one thing: christmas is just around the corner, and although political activity is declining in many countries, we continue to work as vigorously as possible with all partners who can help now. which can support in the future and we are preparing important foreign political contacts by the end of the year. the whole team, our team, our internationals works 24/7. i thank each and every one in the state who endures the same pace. who never gets tired of protecting, working, helping. glory to all who fight for ukraine, glory to all who provide

the desired result in each area. where we so need strength, glory to our people, glory to ukraine, chevorons, who are bringing victory closer. i am a uav operator, i save lives and teach others. i destroy enemy shaheds during airstrikes. i am a driver. i am an infantryman. our tasks are different.

the goal is one. choose your specialty and fill out the questionnaire on the website of the national guard. we will win together. finding yourself in new circumstances is a challenge that thousands of defenders are overcoming. to help them in this process, the state created a grant the program for veterans and their family members, implemented by the ministry of economy of ukraine. applying for a veteran's grant is easy and convenient through action. apply and receive up to uah 1 million to start or develop your own business. helping the military is the best new year's gift.

the only main thing on the air is the we ukraine channel and lyudmila dobrovolska and oleg panyuk are with you. good evening, today we will talk about these topics. the mechanism for starting negotiations on joining the european union has been launched, but what will it be? a way for ukraine not to get stuck in negotiations and what deadline kyiv sets for itself. the holidays are not on time. the us senate returns to work on monday. will the legislators have time to unblock? aid to ukraine before christmas. disposal of knocked down enemy equipment, which can no longer be returned to service. how is russian iron sorted and what is it remelted into? 30 shaheds out of 31 that the muscovites launched into ukraine that night were shot down by our anti-aircraft defense. it flew in waves with russian.