espresso. the premium sponsor of the national team represents. united by football, stronger together. the information day of the tv channel continues. well, there are a lot of events today. among the main ones. an important signal for kharkiv residents. from the chief of forces of the region of the defense of the city of melnyk. until the russians can advance on kharkiv, they do not have enough adequate forces. this was stated by serhiy melnyk, the head of the kharkiv garrison and the kharkiv defense forces. in an interview with the public. i quote we expect anything from russia. but a recent example the fact that the red cross of the russian federation entered the kurtsk and belgorod regions and fought there, and fought there for almost a week, showed ukrainians and the whole world that there is nothing there, no troops guarding the belgorod and kursk regions. there is no fortification there,

they themselves are afraid that ukraine can still go and make a counterattack against it on their territory, so expect that they can leave tomorrow or the day after tomorrow, this is a fake, there is no such thing, so far they are doing their tactical actions in the east of our country , unfortunately, somewhere in them it works out, well we are talking just about the east, oles malyarevich is in touch with us, deputy commander of the achilles 92nd assault pack battalion, separate assault brigade, bahamud direction, glory to ukraine, mr. olesya, congratulations, glory, i wish you health, well, tough battles in the direction of time. ravine, and not only a temporary ravine, but the activation of the enemy is quite powerful, what do you have now? yes, it's true, the enemy is pressing 24 by 7, on the line between bohdanivka, ivanivsk, klichivka-andriivka, they are trying to bypass, there they are making attempts from left and right, and well , they have one goal, everyone knows about it, to capture chevyar, but in principle, everything is done to prevent this from happening, the situation, i often say, is difficult, but controlled, that's the truth.

and they are developing some, so to speak , auxiliary directions, or do they want to approach the temporal abyss head-on, as we can finally see on the map, and then turn it all into an avdiiv meat grinder, no, head-on is to they went straight to ivanovsky, through ivanivsky, there bohdanivka to the north, yes, krichivka, anglivka, to the south, that is, they are trying to go around, they rested a little there in the center and they try to go around, then... they use these opportunities, there are those who capture some positions, then these positions are returned, for example, we worked all last night on personnel, on their shelters, then where they were entrenched, we worked there on 9/2 , the efforts of our uav unit destroyed there, and seven of their strongholds were destroyed. mr. olesya, look, syrskyi gave an interview for the first time while already in the position of the head of the armed forces of ukraine and says that the russians have significantly increased the activity of aviation. apply

guided aerial bombs that destroy positions , as well as dense artillery fire, until a few days ago the russians had a 6:1 advantage in ammunition fired, but he says that the ukrainian military is making the most of the advantage in unmanned aircraft, and now we have an advantage in unmanned aviation? no, we don't have a disembodied air advantage, we 're closing that gap a bit, it used to be 5/1. now there are two two to one, three to one, but everyone knows, even the occupiers, that we use our uav more efficiently, in our training of pilots is much better, technological progress is much faster, that is, we are technologically ahead, if we talk about fpv, about night bombers, not about drones, wingmen, there they started the war already having the same eagles, and we are now in this the issues there are equal... we are a little

behind, but i think everything will be fine, but in terms of fpv, night bombers, the use of quality, accuracy, accuracy, we are not superior, and if we talk about ammunition, syrskyi says that the proportion 6 to one, until a few days ago the russians had such an advantage, do you agree with this statement, maybe you have your own observations, well, you are not at all accepted if the commander-in-chief says that 6 to one means six to one, and if it is it's... well, of course, it's all true, i believe it, it really is, in terms of artillery, we have a much worse position, mr. oles, if we talk about offensive activities, we're going back to the time abyss, that is, these are small groups, these are mechanized units plus or something else, how it looks now, this is all business on earth and approximately, well, what are the forces of the enemy, artillery, mortar shelling, this is also considered artillery, eh... fields are

actively used, fpv, they are actively used, infantry assault units also work in them with the support of mechanized forces, i.e. tanks there, bmp, i.e. in principle, they are classical. they use themselves, as for the cabs , we have a little less of them here than in other areas of the front, probably our air defense works better here, because their planes are afraid to fly up there and drop them on our positions, i am improving the situation here, heavy armored vehicles , on how many , are they just using them as auxiliaries, are they enough, enough, they know how to fight, unfortunately, edi , the only thing that is, you know, beyond understanding is their motivation, and why they go and die , but the more they storm, the more they die, well, they reveal themselves, they stick, stick, stick, stick, and of course there is an opportunity to send more of them to the cabzone concert, and why they do it, no one understands, well, that’s it easier, because they

were given such an order and they, so to speak, fascistized enough to carry out such criminal orders, and on fortifications and fortifications from our side. well, i can’t comment on these famous lines of defense, because i don’t see where they are being built, it’s probably some kind of secret information, but what is relevant is our places where we take off, where we work, we do them ourselves, we try to do them qualitatively, from the quality of work and life of our soldiers also depends on it, and the line of defense itself, which everyone is talking about on the air now, i cannot comment on it, mr. olasyu, i wanted i would like to clarify with you about people. so the addition to your unit, we know that you are actively trying to recruit to you, and maybe now you can reach out to men who are currently hesitating, who do not know where to go, because, well, they are waiting for maybe a good opportunity, and besides, we know, that you are also currently conducting a collection for the needs of your

unit, so you have the opportunity to share information, and we have even already combined a qr code with us both for and for the collection, it is the same for recruiting, there it is already used. and go where you want. regarding mobilization, indeed, our unit is 99% composed of people who have not been in the military before a large-scale war like this, and we have such an atmosphere, you know, sometimes they say, private, cool private company, that is, the attitude to people, personal development , i can say that the majority of those who are actually working are developing, they are after, after the war, after the victory, we are sure, they are getting... new professions that will be very relevant in the world and in ukraine, so we invite you to the subdivision, here you can really win, you will work in a cool team, where you will be respected, supported and helped to develop, thank you for publishing information about

us, yes, join, don't wait, as for the collection , we are constantly collecting drone fpv, fpv, we really have sometimes under a hundred a day can be spent even somewhere under... 50-100, so this is a consumable, and the more fpv, the more we can kill the invaders and bring victory closer, and which drones do you think have proven themselves best in the field now battle, that is well, taking into account the russian reb , taking into account, so to speak, the working power and so on, look, well, at night we bombard with bombers, and right now we are starting to use the night fp, they are expensive, but we also use them, during the day we work with... more fpvs, all fpvs, they look the same, but they're really different, because fpv is like, you know, lego, uh, what we call it, which can be done well or poorly, so every drone that we get, we try recommend that we need

if something arrives that does not suit us very well , we are already in our workshops, we have them already deployed and equipped, we are finishing them, well, we hardly have such a thing that the drone is not ready for flight, we... that is, part of those drones, that come to you, they need improvement or some kind of rework, what could this be due to, it is due to the fact that every, every day something changes, we understand that after a short time the chinese thrones will stop flying altogether in fv in ukraine, they still fly, but after a while they won't, because it's... a drone, what are used by the russians, and in fact they , when we buy a drone, they already know how to prevent it, its operation, well, the technology is changing, we don’t want to rely on chinese technology, it’s a road to nowhere, so we reoriented ourselves completely to europe and america . thank you and we immediately call on our

viewers to join the gathering for drones, so if you have the opportunity, then join. oles mylarevich, deputy commander of the achilles unmanned aerial systems battalion of the 92nd separate assault brigade from... who has been in touch with us, we are now going on a short break, after which we will come back to you, so stay with espresso. especially for you, the favorite fighters of the legendary band are gathering at 7 p.m. on april 6 at the ua concert tickets festival. there are 10% discounts on pectelvan ivy in pharmacies plantain bam and oshchad. snow. physical activity, sneezing. even during such a small load, urinary incontinence can

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stronger until the time of victory comes. sbu, the enemy is doomed, retribution is inevitable. the premium sponsor of the national team represents. united by football. together we are stronger, so what, the information day of the tv channel continues, important events, so president zelensky held a meeting in the national security and defense council, announced the work of the nsdc in a new way, named five priorities, well, but we will talk about this a little later, not at this, not at this moment, so to speak, we have a guest in the studio, volodymyr vahitov, director of the institute of behavioral research and associate professor of american university, glory to ukraine, mr. volodymyr, congratulations, what are we talking about the demographic crisis. we are talking about certain prospects, so on the other hand we understand that we will not just

lack people, we lack people, we understand that the enemy is extremely happy that we see one or another interference from the enemy , that is, they say that ukraine is becoming depopulated, this is, of course , a lie, but there are certain trends , marta and i know that you conducted a rather cool study, in particular, you specifically tracked what is happening to our beautiful fellow citizens, who are now in poland. on different, so to speak, legal bases, and accordingly a portrait, so to speak, of a potential non-returner, one who will not return, these are... people who are mostly young, that is, up to 40 years old, this very often they do not have a family, that is they are single, or they do not have a registered family, as a rule, they are either without children or with small children, due to their age, of course, and these are people who have a job in poland and are sufficiently well-off in poland, we see that the level

incomes of those in poland, it was higher, compared to those who came to ukraine before the beginning. that is, these are socially adapted young ukrainians who have found a job and are starting to build their new lives in poland, right? yes, and plus they learned the polish language at a level that would be possible to work, to communicate around, that is, for them, language is not a barrier, and this is probably what distinguishes poland from other countries, because the polish language is easier for our people to learn. uhu, and by the way, you somehow tracked down which regions or categories of ukrainians there might be less or more willing to return, so we saw that older people want to return more, and among those who lived in poland before the start of the full-scale invasion - this is the 40+ category, among

the refugees, as we call them, this is the 50+ category, mostly women of course, because there 75% are women. and there are disproportionately more women, and people also want to return, and among migrants and among refugees, people who do not have very high incomes, so this means that we will see a change, most likely in the labor market, we will not have a large number of people of working age, that is, we will need to adapt to the fact that people with less experience, from a greater age, can enter the labor market. age, which will need some adaptation to these conditions. and you also said that we had the opportunity to talk with you before on the air, you talked about the fact that people who have , well, some kind of mental attachment, perhaps you phrased it incorrectly, regarding the language there, including the issues of the regions, so to speak, want to move around, don't want to move around, i don't know, representatives of some confessions or perhaps certain

cultural-social-historical archetypes, as with all that, it is interesting about the social. historical archetypes, actually we can't look at archetypes like that at once, but we measured what is called national identity, uh, national identity can be acquired, it something that a person has chosen consciously, for example , a person can consciously learn a language, or it is given from birth, a person was born in ukraine, his parents are in ukraine, his roots are from ukraine, so we see that the acquired identity has a much greater influence on the desire to return , that is, a person who has consciously decided that he is ukrainian, feels... a sense of some kind of pride for ukraine, such people return more, want to return more, we don't know, they return, well, they want to. we also see that people who speak ukrainian in more people return, and here is such an interesting thing: during the time of independence, about 15-20 percent of people who were russian-speaking before the war switched to

ukrainian, and the war changed everything to such an extent that more than a third of those who are among us. .. most of the researched spoke russian, they switched to ukrainian, some to polish, well, a very large part to ukrainian, and such people also wanted to return, that is, we see a very clear connection between what a person identifies himself with and whether he wants to or not does she want to come back that is, a person who speaks ukrainian wants to return, who visits ocu more often than greek-catholics do not want to return, greek-catholics, we can only compare. compared to those who go to ocu with greek catholics, we do not see a difference, we see a very clear difference with the ukrainian church of the moscow patriarchate, which definitely do not want, greek catholics are approximately the same as, and what are the indicators, what are the disproportions, and this is also very difficult to say, because the sample is small, so it's approximate, it's not there i know, uh, i can't say for sure, we see that

it is a statistically significant number , we can't say now, because it will be wrong, statistically wrong, and if so far, who won't determine? how many there are, currently about half, depending on how to ask the question. we asked several questions, whether you want to return as soon as possible, whether you want to return in the near future, whether you would like to return someday, or whether you would like to stay in poland. this is a question that i want to return to someday, it is very vague, and his it is preferable not to ask people, because they themselves do not understand what someday is, for someone someday it is in a year, for someone someday when the war is over, for someone someday it is in retirement. but we see that if you ask a clear question that i want to return as much as possible, as soon as possible, then about half of the people do not know very clearly whether they want to return, well maybe. depending on how we define it, and here these are those for whom we can fight, for example, we see that those of the refugees who at least once came to ukraine after the start of the war, they

want to return home more, and maybe if we made it easier to enter or move between poland and ukraine, did a little something with border crossing, then maybe such people would, they would travel more often and it is possible it would be better to fight for them already in ukraine. and for those who do not want to return, maybe you can also fight for them, for example, say, well, you can live in poland, but come to us, get your teeth treated, we have better medicine here, or get treated there, or just come more often to ukraine, well, okay, not at home, as tourists, for example, you can too, that is , they can also be, they can also be useful for us, that is, mr. volodymyr, do you feel that logistical uncertainty and logistical problems also affect , yes, that is, people could communicate more often somehow... with ukraine, the same ukrainians who are in poland, yes, well, but there are certain, so to speak, organizational obstacles, on the other hand, we understand that, well,

our the state also has to offer people something, we can't do such things, i don't know medium-term forecasts and proposals , that is, an offer from the state, it very often rests on what, on the situation at the front and the security situation, but if we talk, for example, about the financial component, material support and so on, we understand that there are some programs... there are but if they are monetized, then they do not sound too convincing, yes, and people think to themselves, maybe it is worth building their future elsewhere, where in a couple of years we will socialize there and reach a stable level of earnings there, and when we are here let's go back, well, we're going to get how much 3,800 or 4,500 or there, well, yes and no, this is a little simplified meaning, one of the questions we had was, if we paid you $2,000 now, would you return it? fewer people

were persuaded to take the money and return than those who refused, but just want to return, well, we interpret it as ukrainians are not for sale, in fact, or maybe 200, it is not such a large amount, but yes , financial, finances have a strong influence on the fact that people give back. that is, they need to live somehow, but from a different way on the other hand, i think it is wrong to talk about some point payments to those who will return, and for them to return, it is wrong, they already have a much better financial condition, if you look, we saw there the financial categories, how people mark themselves financially, then in our there the question was, can i afford only food, or food and clothes, or food, clothes around the house, so if you look at the whole of ukraine, then people whom we define conditionally as such, well, relatively for... 15-20 depending on how, when, in what year it was done, but this research was done there for many years, but when we looked at

the same among those who went to poland, we see such people, well, more than 40%, that is , people who were already wealthy went to poland, and put them on the same level with those , who stayed in ukraine, well, it's not entirely fair, because people stayed in ukraine very often, because they don't have money to leave and stimulate with additional money. straight for people to come back it's wrong there were some questions what would you like you what would you like to do to come back people they say, we want there to be some kind of payments here, something else, well, such a rider is being kicked out, well, it's not quite right, it's not quite fair to those who live here now, those who are building, come, help with your experience to build, but what needs to be done is to make equal rules for everyone, so that a person comes and that he receives public services, as he wants, services - it is very important that he receives the kind of transport that he sees, that he receives such medicine and such and such social protection, which sees, not even so much in quantity, but in quality and

attitude towards people, this is important, mr. volodymyr, look, you mentioned that those, for example, who already earn well, yes, who are doing well financially feel that they do not have any great motivation to return, but more motivation for those who actually do not have such financial stability, and... we understand that if we cannot offer these people something better in terms of the economy, yes, in terms of earning money, then maybe there are some other factors that can them to force the return, for example, of a sense of security, dignity, good medicine, and the like, because we understand that wealthy people, or, let's say, people who feel good enough economically, they do not only rely on finances in terms of choice, so they also think about the comfort of life, can ukraine offer them a comfortable life? i think that everyone should build a comfortable life for themselves, and it is such a truth that we cannot expect the state

to build a comfortable life for everyone. we see that among and among those who left before the start of the full-scale invasion and those who left after, about the same percentage of people who lost something in ukraine, or a relative in the war, or someone served in them in the war, or some property in ukraine , they lost, and then there may be a question of compensation for the value of this property, for example, but it is possible only for those who returned to ukraine and live here, because if a person lives in poland, then i don't, well, i think, it's... not it is only fair that they should also be given money to compensate for this housing, return to ukraine, then we can talk about compensation, in this way it is possible , but somehow additionally there is a program for return, it seems to me that this is not very correct, we see that there are many people whose children study remotely in ukraine, among the refugees, there, among those who have school-age children, about a third study in ukrainian schools online, and this is correct, there

should also be some kind of integration into ukraine... there should also be some kind of integration steps on the part of ukraine - this is important, and it is no less important than socio-demographic things. socio-demographic things, they explain about a quarter of all the reasons why people come back. these are our identity, pride, emotional factors, they explain an additional 10 percent, and we need to talk about it, that is, we need to constantly maintain contact with these people. cultural, not only economic, it is not quite right to constantly focus on the economy, it is necessary to involve them in some way, that is, in some way so that they feel that they are ukrainians, the more they feel, the more they will have sentiment about the return, mr. volodymyr, i would also like to ask you about the figures provided by the institute of demography and quality of life problems of the national academy of sciences of ukraine, they would predict what the population of ukraine could be in 2041

and 2051, so 41- and year 28.9 million, by the 51st year the population will decrease to 25.2 million, and here, too, by the way, it is interesting to understand what the proportion of those people will be by age, because we understand that the number is good , but we understand that we need to understand how much those people will be ready to provide pensions, that is, they will be people of working age, and you actually noted that... in the study , after all, there are more people who are not financially, let's say, stable, want to return to ukraine, and accordingly, will we not face the problem that we will have quite a few people of working age, of course we will, we have already faced this problem, it already exists, that is, if we look at the age pyramid, then the pyramid that ensures reproduction is usually like this , many children, many children less and less, less or

less, the older you get, the smaller the percentage of older people, and here it is like this, well, maybe like this, well , here it is like this, that is, we have more and more every year older people, fewer and fewer younger people, due to the fact that the war, of course, women do not really want to give birth, that is, if the first child is given birth very often, then there are many problems with the birth of the second child, because it is not clear how to live with as a child during the war, and plus a lot of children... most of the people were also taken away, who left ukraine, they were families with children, women with children, so here , thank you, unfortunately, we have to, yes, we have to finish, because there are literally a few seconds left before the news, so thank you volodymyr vahitov, director of the institute of behavioral research and associate professor of american university kyiv, was in eterispresso, we are now passing the floor to our colleagues who have prepared relevant and fresh information,

we are passing the floor to anna. melnyk, which is already appearing on our airwaves. we congratulate you and ask you to tell us briefly what it is about will be covered in this issue. greetings, colleagues, thank you for your work, the news team continues to work. we will talk about the most important, in particular, the results of the investigation into the death of zaluzhny's assistant. more on that later. be with us. a powerful explosion rang out in odesa during an air raid alert, the local publication dumsk writes about it. previously , the air defense system worked in the city. an enemy missile was shot down in the armed forces. meanwhile, the dtek company reported that after the night attacks and