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winter's big broadcast: 2 hours of airtime, two hours of your time, 2 hours to learn about the war and what the world is like, two hours to keep up with economic news and sports news, two hours in the company of your favorite presenters, presenters, that many have become like relatives, as well as respected... guests of the studio, the events of the day in two hours, vasyl zima's big broadcast, a project for smart and caring people, in the evening at espresso. an unusual look at the news. good health, ladies and gentlemen, my name is mykola veresin, sharp presentation of facts and competent opinions. for example, if mykola veresin had done this, he would have gone to prison, a special view on the events in ukraine, so it is not necessary to say that the fish rots from the head, no, not from the head, and beyond its borders, then who china, i have... all this in

the informational marathon with mykola veresny saturday 17:10, sunday 18:15 at spresso. the saturday espresso political club continues. my name is khrystyna yatskiv and i greet vitaly portnikova. greetings, khrystyna, greetings, dear viewers. from the moment our during the last meeting with you, several important events took place, if we talk about the ukrainian offensive in kurshchyna. firstly, we can now confidently say that this is a ukrainian offensive, the ukrainian state has recognized its military presence in these sovereign russian territories, and we still do not understand what the ultimate military goal is, but less so, successes are actually daily in this direction. ukraine also announced the creation of administrations. on directed now,

currently controlled territories, which means that we will be there for a certain time, and we need to deal, in particular, with the population that remains there, the ukrainians are discussing what to do with the kuryans, whether it is possible to evacuate them to ukraine and similar things, mr. vitaly how do you see the situation in kurshchyna now, well , i think we can talk about the fact that the armed forces of ukraine. are trying to gain a foothold in this territory and expand the zone of their control, and it is also obvious that russia will now try to gather troops for to knock out ukrainian forces from this territory, there is already a lot of evidence that this is happening, but the question arises again, to what extent the russians will be able to implement this in the coming weeks and even months, because given the resources that the russian federation has , in order to knock out... the troops of ukraine from the controlled

territories, it is necessary to redeploy our own armed forces from other directions, which are now in the center of attention of the russian military team, and this is not only the donetsk direction, we must remember with you that the troops of the russian federation are located in several directions in ukraine, this is the donetsk direction, where the most intense fighting is going on, and there russia expects to gain control over key positions, and further develop the offensive to occupy the entire territory of the donetsk region, this is an important task for them, because vladimir putin has set his army to take control of the administrative borders of donetsk and luhansk regions as early as february 2022. let's not forget that the so- called special operation began with this, but apart from this direction, where we are now watching with great anxiety the fate of pokrovsk, as a strategic point in donetsk region, there is the kharkiv direction, where quite heavy fighting is also continuing, where russia...

one way or another, after entering vovchansk, they do not hide their desire to expand this the zone of control in the kharkiv region, there is the zaporizhia direction, and we should not forget about it, and there is the kherson direction, that is... in fact, in ukraine there are four active directions of combat clashes between the two enemy armies, and now they say that it is the zaporizhia , khersonsky and the kharkiv direction, these are the directions from where russia is trying to redeploy part of its forces to the territory of the kursk region, so, of course, in order not to reduce its ability to hold these territories, or to develop initiatives in these territories, if we are talking about the kharkiv region. of course, ukrainian military leaders could hope. that russia will first of all transfer troops from the donetsk region to kursk and thus it will be easier for the ukrainian armed forces to resist the russian military offensive, according to the majority of the military experts, this does not happen, but other directions are also no less important. we are

primarily dealing with stretching the front. the stretching of the front is a problem for both sides, and here, of course, it remains beyond our understanding how many... and what number of russian troops moscow will gather to try to knock our troops out of this zone. well, i don't want to act as a military expert right now, but even people who are not very knowledgeable about military affairs understand very well that if a stranger enters somewhere the army, if it is fortified in certain positions, creates engineering, fortifications that need to be overcome, then this army ... may have a smaller number of servicemen behind these fortifications than the army that will advance on someone else's position, and the delay of the russian army with the offensive , the fact that they are forced to gather troops there, and this is already happening on the 11th day, of course it will make our task easier in the kurt region, that is

, we can have not such a large number of servicemen there, these servicemen can expand the zone of their own responsibility, and with that the russians will not be able to knock out... occupied positions, because these positions can be reliably fortified. and another important point is that there are facilities there, let's say, which do not allow russia to carry out any active bombing of the territories. i mean, first of all, the sochi gas measuring station. of course, russia is interested in ensuring that its transit obligations to european countries are fully fulfilled. and by and large, when they say, we could stop... now the supply of russian gas, i apologize, this russian gas is supplied through ukrainian territory, in order to stop the supply of russian gas and freeze europe, we absolutely do not need to take a judgement, we can do it ourselves, but that is the paradox of the current situation, which russia and ukraine, both countries

are interested in being conscientious executors of the already reached agreement, for us it is a matter of money for transit, it is huge money. in a few months ukraine will practically stop receiving them, because the contract between gazprom and oil and gas of ukraine. i understand that both sides, they are not going to continue it further, although there may be some indirect intermediate agreements, but ukraine will also get rid of this money, which was a certain support for our actually already destroyed economy today, and this is also so important moment, as to how they act there. how should we treat the population, here the answer is very simple: according to the laws of international law, because all these discussions of the ukrainian population seem rather strange to me, because the citizens of ukraine they forget that ukraine is a security protectorate of the civilized world, and the fact that

the ukrainian state exists at all on the political map of the world is the result of the active support of our efforts by the united states and the countries of the european union, if it were not for these efforts, practically the entire... territory ukraine would now be occupied by russia, it would have been a part of the russian federation for two years in a row, it just needs to be clearly understood so that no one has the impression that ukraine is capable of defending itself from russia, and by the way, this is not necessary be ashamed. ukraine is facing the greatest nuclear power of the modern world, a country with an arsenal of nuclear weapons that can destroy humanity within a few hours, a country with a population of about 140 million, which in recent years, the putin years, has been preparing its army for active military operations on territories of foreign states, because the restoration of the soviet union within the borders of 1991 was, is and will be the main geopolitical goal of the russian state and the russian people. ukraine was not involved in any of this,

ukraine destroyed its own sales for ten years armed forces, ukraine did not prepare for the danger from the east, ukraine elected pro-russian politicians. which actually destroyed all russian and all ukrainian infrastructure in the east of our country, let's remember these subversive actions that former president viktor yanukovych engaged in, even after 2014, 2019. in that year, ukrainian voters adopted a decision that actually meant a certain stabilization of our military positions in the east of the country , where there were already russian occupiers, namely the withdrawal of troops, that is, in fact, the ukrainian state and the ukrainian the people did everything to destroy them, and what we are fighting for is, i would say, such a small political and security miracle of the 21st century, but this miracle is guaranteed precisely by western support. and it is still a small country with a destroyed economy, frustrated, already occupied on 20% of the territories, 2.5 years, and i

hope it will be another 2.5 years, and another 2.5 years, does not allow itself to be destroyed by a large country of eurasia , which covers the territory from, now no longer from suja, a little further already has its control and all the way to vladivostok, so what us in confrontation with this. the country with the largest territory in the world , the west also helps, it’s great, yeah, and there’s nothing to be ashamed of, but it means that if we are in an alliance with countries that respect international law, and not with countries that don’t care about international law, then we have to respect international law in our protective actions, that's all, since international conventions provide for the treatment of the local population. this is how we should behave, this is

an absolutely real thing, if citizens of the russian federation, which is located on sovereign territory of the russian federation. let me remind you that this is not ukrainian territory from the point of view of international law, it is russian territory, it is not donetsk region, not luhansk, not crimea, because there may be a completely different legal regime for citizens of the russian federation if we liberate this territory, that is, if they want to leave this area, we have to... ensure the possibility of movement to the area where hostilities are not taking place. of course, in this situation, the best solution would be to open corridors on the territory of that country, to the citizens that they are. if there is no such possibility, of course we have to open corridors to them on the territory of ukraine, then this is another matter. ukraine can ensure , through the territory of ukraine, that these people can get to the territory of the russian federation, which is not in the combat zone. action is a matter of russian-ukrainian agreements, by the way, i will remind you that such agreements were reached even between us and

the russians, when its citizens from the territories of ukraine occupied by russia went there, for example, from mariupol, from other populated areas points of ukraine. even the russians allowed it, disrespecting international law, another matter, they arranged some filtering there, it was all shameful, the way they behaved, we should not behave like that, although of course there is some work to identify possible agents. of the russian special services, among the population that, let's say, will be transported to ukrainian territory, there must also be, and it will be, it is also absolutely obvious, but when it comes to women, children, elderly people, for the population on the occupied territory is the responsibility of the occupier, ukraine is the occupier of the territory of the kurdish region, i ask you to stop here, can we, that is, i thought for a long time about how, in what status we are now, purely technically? it turns out that if we did we were occupying that area but security experts are saying no

we are effectively in control of those areas now at this stage that is different from occupation mr vitaly we have lost sound with you i see what you are saying but don't hear you if we hear now yes if you if we control a certain area create there own commander's office, it is occupied. there is nothing special about this, again, why should we call things by other people's names, like the russians, but the russians occupy our territory, the donetsk, luhansk, kherson, zaporizhzhia regions, crimea, sevastopol, these are territories occupied by russia, they can convene meetings of the state the duma of the russian federation, the council of the federation, send letters to the constitutional court, dance some russian folk dances on... ivanovsky square of the kremlin, do whatever you want, annex these territories, record

them in the russian constitution, write them in school textbooks, these are still occupied territories, you understand, occupied from the point of view of international law. the kurdish region, from the point of view of international law, is the territory of the russian federation, it does not happen, we can exercise effective control over it, but the very word occupation does not change that, there are different motives. occupation, the russians occupied our territory, because their task is the liquidation of the ukrainian state and the annexation of ukrainian territories to russia, this is one goal occupation, and... annexation by and large, the russian occupation of ukrainian territories is a step towards annexation, we occupied the territory of the kurdish region in order to reduce the military potential of the army, which carried out aggression against our state, and to allow ourselves to reduce resources and opportunities

russians on our front, that is, it is a retaliatory occupation, by the way, i wanted to ask you, but when... the allies in 1900 there in 44-45 years occupied the territory of germany, it was an occupation, they were called occupation zones, no security experts did not call it otherwise, it was called the soviet, french, british, american zones of occupation, and no one said that it should be called effective control otherwise, so when people start to engage in some euphemisms, because we are good, the good are not the occupiers. no, the good ones act as occupiers, the question arises simply, for what reason do you occupy, if you even occupy the entire territory of the aggressor country, you have such an opportunity, then it is an occupation for the sake of peace, for the sake of forcing the aggressor country to stop its aggressive actions against your state, the result of this occupation may even be the destruction of state institutions in the country

of the aggressor, replacing them with their occupation commanderies, as was the case in germany, and creating in the future the conditions for holding free elections in the former country of the aggressor without the participation of those forces that you consider guilty in aggression? again, there may be quite serious discussions as to which legal norms this corresponds to, but the neuber trial does not correspond to any legal norms at all, there the winners judged the losers, these are absolutely specific legal norms, there were specifically for this approval process. however , the occupying countries of germany believed that the german courts, which were then created, by the way, to try other, lower-level war criminals, could not have jurisdiction to try the leadership of their own country, why, because from the point of view of german law , how can you judge people for the leaders of the country, who have

actual immunity from legal prosecution, who do not violate the laws of this country, but act in accordance with them. laws of this country, and the laws themselves are criminal, well, that's why it was such an idea as the nyusi tribunal was created in occupied germany, it was in occupied germany, in the occupied city of nurberg, you know that, like in a black room and a black cat with a black man, so here, we are creating occupation control bodies in the occupied territory of the kurdish region, commandant offices that will be, in fact, their existence will be ensured. occupying forces, what is the best way to call it? well, call it effective control, whatever, well, it 's still you, or it is, and why i'm trying so hard to prove it, because in this situation, our actions must comply with the norms of international law, and they will comply with the norms of international law, this has already been announced in ukrainian states and state institutions,

what people write on social networks simply speaks of them, i would say deep legal. infantilism, that they simply think that we can afford what russia affords, first of all, we cannot, because we are a different country, a different civilization, because we treat ordinary people, human life differently, because we perfectly understand that some grandmother will judge, so that she does not think about war there, she is not responsible for the aggressive actions of her own government and her own army, for her own actions of the army and the government. the political leadership and the military leadership of the russian federation are responsible, we can have moral claims against ordinary russians, moral ones, just as people had moral claims against ordinary germans, but no legal, i would say, responsibility is not borne by any citizen of the russian federation, it is borne by the people who directly decide criminal decisions and carry out criminal actions, then small clarifications, or

we have the right, god forbid, god forbid to catch this moment after the end. after the war, talk about some kind of reparations from the russian federation, where there may no longer be an effective regime, but those russians will end, but there will remain, excuse me, those russians who brought this regime to power, who, as you say, may not be responsible for its actions , well, it's a completely different thing, if you have control over some country that you can impose a reparation regime on, then of course you can talk about it in this situation, because it's... not the actions of ordinary people, you again, it the results of the actions of the state, the state made a decision, because the president of russia, vladimir putin, the leadership of the russian federation, they decided on a crime. about aggression against ukraine, about the destruction of ukrainian infrastructure, about the destruction of ukrainian residential quarters, the fact that this is a state, if you have the opportunity, i do not think that we will ever have such an opportunity, to have

control over the resources of such a state, then you of course, you can demand reparations from this state within the framework of international responsibility, reparations are not paid by the grandmother from judge or grandmother from kursk, the state pays the reparation at the expense of its taxpayers, of course. in such a situation, people are responsible for the crimes of their state by the fact that their taxes do not go to their social needs, not to the construction of sports centers, not even to the creation of new tanks, airplanes and missiles that can be used to destroy ukrainian territory, to the payment of reparations . after the first world war , reparations were imposed on germany by the allies who won the war, the expiration of which i it seems that it should have been only in the 80s and 90s of the 20th century, that is, if ... there was no world war ii, the germans would have paid reparations for many more years without even in peacetime, but as you know, the second world

war changed this situation, in fact it was already the case, the allies took from germany such, i would say one-time donations, reparations, but then they realized that such imposition of multi-year reparations on any country turns it into a potential aggressor. of the future, and this practice was abandoned, as you know, by the united states even contributed to the revival of the german economy, according to the marshall plan, and did not try to take any money from germany. regarding the extent to which ukraine will be able to force the russian federation to pay it some reparations. i think that the russian state will not be controlled either by ukraine or by any other country in the world. i repeat, this is a nuclear state, it is impossible to impose any such agreements that would contradict the interests of national security in any case... the russian federation can pay some money to ukraine solely out of goodwill, as a state, with with which good neighborly, good relations will be restored, as a state to which the new russian

government, if it appears at all, will want to help in restoring economic power and social potential, but i do not think that it is necessary to wait for the next decade. the only thing that can really happen is that russia will lose control over the money that is not on its territory, and this will also hurt the interests of ordinary people. russians, because if the west makes a decision, ultimately, so that ukraine can dispose of those russian assets that are currently in the banks of western countries, this means that russia will not count this money, that it will be at the disposal of ukraine, and this money also belongs to russian taxpayers by and large, and they could use this money again for the construction of stadiums, and for the construction of hospitals, and for the creation of tanks, airplanes and missiles that could be used for further struggle with ukraine and others. we are a state hostile to russia, but this will not happen, and this money will go to that ukraine was rebuilding stadiums, building

hospitals and creating new planes, missiles and tanks with which it will fight with the russian federation in the future, but it can be so, absolutely, it is a reality, yes, sir, but this is not a question for moscow, this is a question to washington and brussels, and this question about moscow not being able to control now, of course, eh... okay, there is news, and i think it is quite interesting, especially in the context of our previous discussions with you conversations, when you noted that the russians and putin, personally, are not interested in any way in negotiations on the state of the conflict in ukraine, right? nevertheless, the washington post shares information, referring to diplomats familiar with the course of events, that ukraine and russia were to send... an agreement that would have stopped at least the strikes on

energy infrastructure facilities on both sides, er, in your opinion, did it take place at all, i don't know if there was a plan for such a meeting, on our side, and on the russian side federation, it seems to me that this publication in principle even refers to ukrainian sources who say that such consultations were indeed held, it is the russians who deny it, there is no such clear refutation from the ukrainian side, well, maybe we will wait for it, however, again, kharystyna, i would like to clarify, i always said that i repeat it now, that i do not believe in any russian-ukrainian negotiations that could lead to the end of the war between russia and ukraine, but i said that the negotiations on ending fire about ceasefire can happen at any time, and in the 24th year, and in the 25th, and in the 26th, i do not believe in the possibility of the end of the war between russia and ukraine for one simple

reason. this is an existential conflict. two peoples claim the same territory, for russians the territory of ukraine is russia, for ukrainians the territory of ukraine is ukraine, there is no political solution to this conflict, and there may not be one in history at all, this is how reality looks, so under the conditions of the current russian regime, imagine the end of the war as such, i do not know how to imagine it, and i always therefore advised ukrainians to prepare for a long war and to nurture some illusions that they will live in peace, but at the same time, i am absolutely sure that... there can be an agreement on a cease-fire, without any other agreements , not about the withdrawal of troops, as you understand, in such a configuration as proposed by the washington post publication, there is not even a question, however, the troops remain in this territory that they now control, both in donetsk and kursk regions, about some security guarantees for ukraine, even in such agreements

there is no speech. in general, russia continues to insist that the war can end only with known security guarantees, that is, for ukraine to allow itself to recognize its neutral status and begin the process of its demilitarization, which ukraine, of course, will not do, or that is also out of the question , what we can be talking about, if i understand the framework of this idea of ​​the washington post edition of these agreements in qatar, which can be a partial ceasefire. when it comes to the shelling of energy facilities, this is a story in which both states are really interested, so i imagine that such negotiations will still take place, why? russia has already lost up to 15% of its oil and gas complex, this is a serious problem for the russian economy, if russian and ukrainian strikes on russian oil refineries continue, but more, if

not only drones but western missiles are used for these strikes, then russia may lose more there are 15-30 percent of the capabilities of its oil refining complex, if missiles are used for this, russia may lose up to 60 to 70% of its oil refining, which may lead to catastrophic and critical consequences for the economy of the russian federation. should russia take any measures to prevent this? yes, put yourself in the place of president vladimir putin. you have to remember that president putin is paranoid, i'm not, clearly he did it instead of president vladimir putin, now ukraine, if the destruction of the ukrainian energy infrastructure continues, the question of ukraine's survival during the winter will remain under a very big question mark, that is, there may be a situation when there will be problems not only with lights, but also with ignition, with the introduction of war into the waters in a number of settlements, to which this may lead, to a new

wave of departure of the... ukrainian population abroad. we cannot now estimate the number of people who will leave, but they will, and again it will be hundreds of thousands of people. we already understand that if people go abroad in the conditions in which ukraine is, the greater part of the people who went abroad, according to various sociological assessments, how people answer, up to 50-60%, they will no longer return, and even more so after the end of hostilities, men who now cannot go to their families and reunite, let's say so. with their families, they will most likely be reunited with them not in the territory of ukraine, which will experience obvious economic frustration after the war, but reunited with their families in the territory of prosperous western countries, and we will have another wave emigration, so to speak, is the final end of this migration process, when to their families their husbands will return, but not in ukraine, the united states, canada, european countries,

great britain, etc., so yes... most likely it will be, so if some more people leave, it will mean that on the end of the war, ukraine will turn out to be a country devastated by demographics, if we remember that even before the start of this war, the demographic prospects of ukraine were, to put it mildly , catastrophic, then one catastrophe after another will simply turn the country into a territory without any real demographic prospects, this does not mean that there will be no population on the territory of ukraine, there will be, just that it will not be ukrainian, it will be the state of others. people in accordance with what migration waves will sweep through ukraine in the next decades. i certainly wish it weren't so. and i think that the people currently working in the ukrainian leadership are also thinking about how to preserve the population here. so, these are the principles of mutual interest of the parties, and these negotiations, as far as i understand, take place according to the same scheme, if they are taking place, according to the same scheme, according to which the agreements are and were taking place.