travel book, memory and savings. in the hands of a specialist, the belladonna medicinal plant, so dangerous in nature, turns into belastezin. an ally in the fight against spasm. belastezin is a medicine with belladonna extract, for gastritis and sharp pains in the stomach. in beresneva, there are discounts on combiflu, 20% in pharmacies, plantain, bam and savings. there are discounts on thermidol in beresneva. 10% in travel, bam and savings pharmacies. every week, the saturday political club helps to understand the processes taking place in ukraine and the world. vitaly portnikov, khrystyna yatskiv, andriy smoliy and invited experts based on facts give their assessment and forecast of the development of events. if you want to understand how our today... will affect

our tomorrow, watch the saturday politics club, every saturday on espresso. the verkhovna rada regularly passes new laws, but how do these changes affect our lives? we have analyzed new resolutions to inform you about the latest changes in ukrainian legislation, how legislative norms change our lives, what to prepare for? the leaders will answer these and other questions that concern ukrainians lawyers of the aktum bar association. watch every tuesday at 7:55 in the legal expertise program on the espresso tv channel. well, gentlemen, let's go back and talk a little about the economy, about monetary policy. moreover, today is a very good day and a good, good moment for this, since it was on september 2 , 1900...96 that

monetary reform was carried out in ukraine, and the national currency of ukraine, the hryvnia and the kopeck, was introduced into circulation. this is the story, the 96th year, that is , it means five years, you could say six, ukraine lived without a national currency, then it used so-called coupons, karbovants, coupons for a certain amount of karbovants, that was the story, there it was. some amazingly high inflation, well, i can say about myself that in 1998 i once found a million coupons just on the street, and it was not a very large amount, i managed to use that money to go there and back to ternopil for the new year festival , and it was a cool, cool trip. well, friends, now with us is vasyl furman, a member of the national council of the bank of ukraine, doctor of economic sciences, mr. vasyl, we congratulate you, good day, glory to ukraine, glory

to the heroes, do you remember the times when you could get a million... hryvnias, no, coupons, roubles, not so much let me, that's how i really remember, and i remember exactly in 1996 i graduated from the university of economics in kyiv, exactly in 1996 on the second of september 2 from today, well today in fact, but september 2 until september 16, 1996 , the reform took place, i.e., the ukrainian hryvnia entered circulation, and the ponokarbovantsi, which until now have been since 1992, they were in circulation, that is, they were taken out. in general, it should be said that from the moment of the declaration of independence of our state in the 91st year, already then, the issue of manufacturing and introducing a new currency, the hryvnia, was raised, and precisely the first chairman of the national bank of ukraine of independent ukraine, matvienko. his

signature is largely on the first hryvnias, that is, which were introduced in 96, that is, they were actually produced in 92, but they were not yet introduced in circulation, that is, the signature of the head of the national bank of ukraine was there, and only in 1996, from september 2, these ukrainian hryvnias went into circulation, it must be said that some things, what... what is it, what is the national currency, it is one of the integral attributes of statehood, and the hryvnia also constantly updates its design and protection elements, four generations of hryvnia banknotes have been produced since 1992, the first banknotes in general, if you look at such a thing in history, they are the first hryvnia banknotes from appeared in 1918 there, respectively

before the decision of the ukrainian people's republic, and they were in circulation until the beginning of the 20th year then, that is, before the arrival of soviet power, that is, in... four generations, i said, there are hryvnia banknotes, in the 24th year, for example, the national bank started the issue of modified fourth-generation hryvnia banknotes, supplementing them with the words, well, the slogan, glory to ukraine, glory to the heroes, and until 1994, the hryvnia, it was once again not in circulation in our country until 1994, but it was printed abroad . and from the year 1994 and essentially from until today the hryvnia it is printed at the banknote factory of the banknote and mint yard of the national bank of ukraine, and the banknote factory of the nbu is the only producer of ukrainian hryvnias,

capable of printing 1.5 billion hryvnias per year, by the way, i have been to the bmd of the national bank more than once. ukraine bente zabankno mint of the national bank of ukraine and uh saw how well, especially before the great war uh , our bmd could also print money for other countries, ugh, that is, well, and we must say that we see the design, beautiful design, but i would like to say that this design is preceded by a lot of painstaking work by many, many specialists before it is even printed. and today the ukrainian hryvnia is one of the most protected currencies in the world. the ukrainian hryvnia is a beautiful, beautiful banknote. by the way, let me remind you that at that time , before the introduction, there were disputes about what to call the national currency, there was an opinion that

it should be called kuna. this is exactly what monetary units in kievan rus' were called, kuna. the hryvnia was sometimes a larger unit. in fact, an ingot of silver or gold, and smaller ones the exchange coins were called kunas and croats until now, well, croats are the main currency, you know who was in croatia, they definitely support me now, they are kunas, but the idea prevailed that it is somehow too far west and far from us, and we could not introduce tuna, of course i miss it a little, but but but what exactly do i not miss? rather upsetting is the fact that the exchange coin was called a kopeck, and i'm sorry that i interfere with history like this, because i will remind you that a kopeck is a russian monetary unit, it is somewhere in in the 16th century, they were somehow established as

a monetary unit, because there was a picture of a horseman with a spear, a spear, that's money, a tanga, a penny, and so on, and we also have a penny. to the russians, i apologize, and to the belarusians, why did we vote that penny then, well, it’s clear, in principle it’s clear, there was kuchma, there were communists, and somehow they still wanted to mark that these are all brotherly people, the people, the people, well, but less of tem, let's end this, for sure, our excursion into the history of currency, and let's talk a little about how our currency is doing now, is it standing firm, what is our current situation with inflation, what are the forecasts for this autumn. let's be honest, we are constantly discussing the exchange rate of the ukrainian hryvnia in various studios, and we all have to understand that if we want to have a strong national currency, then it is equal to a strong ukrainian economy, and there is no other way, in general, if we

are talking about the state of the currency market of the country during the great war, then it is stable and controlled, first of all, thanks to the first professional... actions of the national bank of ukraine, second, for example, thanks to significant international financial support, because we have a huge, huge deficit of the state budget, we have huge needs to finance the ukrainian army, the ukrainian victory, and we need a significant financial resource, but no matter how difficult it is, for example, in the next three years there will be a big war uh, we see that the banking system works 24x7, uh, we have financial stability, uh, as for the exchange rate of the ukrainian hryvnia, there was a slight weakening, uh, in connection with the great war, as for me, first of all, but at the same time,

if we are talking about now, then i personally do not see any big threats to the hryvnia exchange rate, the national bank from october 3. in 2018, the government switched to the policy of nominal exchange rate formation, and the hryvnia can fluctuate in one direction or another, what we are still observing today, thanks to significant international financial assistance, we have... significant gold and foreign reserves of the national bank of ukraine, which is a financial cushion for the ukrainian hryvnia, and, well, according to forecasts, for example, the nbu at the end of the year guarantees of bevres are gold and currency reserves the national bank will have more than 42 billion dollars there, this is a large figure, but in general, if we are talking about exchange rates, it is clear that... we need to talk about the economy, that is, the economy, well, if we are talking about this year according to the forecasts of the national bank

will grow by 3.6%. if we are talking about inflation, i.e. inflation due to rising prices, then in the first half of the year we had very low inflation there, within the range of up to 5%. now the inflation trend is predicted to turn upward, and according to the forecasts of the national bank at the end of the year, inflation somewhere it will be a little more than 8% in the next one as well. next year, the inflation trend will turn around and by the end of next year, according to the forecasts of the national bank, it will amount to a little more than 6%, therefore, in the conditions of war , it seems to me that these indicators are very, very good, well, from the point of view of macroeconomic stability, by the way, our partners, foreigners say that macroeconomic stability is already a matter of national security, and the national bank and the government, in my opinion, are handling this issue well at this stage. we have 5 minutes left, me also wanted to touch on the russian ruble, how is it doing, i've been reading a lot of news

that russia is now having huge problems paying with the yuan, it's the currency they tried to replace the dollar with, but due to western sanctions, billions of yuan are now stuck in russia, china is an extremely important trading partner, it is obvious for russia, and i read on reuters that they are generally using a complex scheme of korea now. take gold to hong kong, hong kong, hong kongers, they, it is them, if they were converted into cash and then transported for payment, for example, some, some big, big transactions. ah, indeed, the situation, thanks to the sanctions in the russian economy, is, well , really very, very difficult, despite the fact that they do not seem to have economic growth there, they really have more than 3% per... the forecasts of their central bank will be this year, but this growth will be primarily at the expense of

the military-industrial complex, into which billions, trillions of russian rubles are poured, and it is clear that when you pour in, well, this sector works, but you know that, something under me, as it reminds me, you and i were already talking about the beginning of independence, and i remember now the end of the era of the end. of the soviet union, when there was a huge military-industrial complex, but there was not the necessary amount of goods, well, let's say this, i graduated from school in 1991, and i could not buy a suit or shoes on free sale, you understand, it is difficult now, perhaps, in modern young people can imagine, but at that time there was a huge deficit for these goods and many, many others, so in fact, thanks to the sanctions of our international partners in ukraine, the russian economy... it is degrading, and it is clear that we wanted it to be fast, it will not be fast, but it is definitely degrading, it

is becoming an increasingly low-tech, ancient state, an appendage of china and india, well, thanks to the main mass, it survives today due to the sale of oil and gas, for example, 50% of their budget is from these two goods that they sell as raw materials, so they sell 90% of it today to china and india. therefore, if the price of oil falls, for example, it will be very, very much problematic, basically they will repeat the path of the soviet union, ie huge deficit and collapse, i would very much like that to be the case, as far as their currency market is concerned, for example, in terms of the dollar there, there is no free market there like we have , meaning it's fixed, they really can't trade that currency freely, it's essentially a black market over there as far as other currencies are concerned, no matter how much they want to, for example, convert to the yuan there or to the currencies of india there or there,

for example the united arab emirates or other countries, it is the currency of countries, it is not strong, i.e., strong currencies there are the euro, dollar, japanese yen, i don't know, swiss franc, and as for other currencies, that is , china, india, and turkey, or the united amerav emirates or others. that is , it's , well, it's usually considered the currencies of developing countries, weak currencies, they're very, very volatile, well, for example, volatility - it's very likely to lose its strong value, for example, the turkish lira during the uh... three years that have passed, lost 2.5 times its value, and in them inflation in turkey, thanks to the fact that they conduct an ineffective exchange rate policy, well, this situation has happened for more than one year, because their central bank is not independent, their inflation is currently more than 50%, that is, it is in the country , which is not at war, they had 50% last year,

and before that it was 30%, that is, a very huge inflation indicator, compare now with the indicators... of inflation that we have today in our state, which is at war about such against such a great enemy, so once again here are the indicators we have in ukraine that is, it is already a matter of national security, macroeconomic stability, currency stability, stability of the banking system, and we will continue to preserve it, that is, because i believe that it is very, very important for the functioning of the ukrainian economy, because the ukrainian economy, it finances the ukrainian army, that is, if we talk about the ukrainian... budget, well, conditionally, it consists of 50% of the funds of ukrainian taxpayers, everything else is external international financial aid, ukrainians are business and ours and the population that pays, therefore it is these funds, they go entirely to finance the ukrainian army, and external international financial aid, it goes to other needs, they, it cannot be used to finance the ukrainian

army, so our task is to maximize taxes, well, revenues to the ukrainian budget, well, actually with... this is also an indicator of a stable economy. mr. vasyl, thank you very much for this conversation, vasyl furman was with us, a member of the board of the national bank of ukraine, doctor of economic sciences. thank you, and thank you also to everyone who watches the espresso tv channel. we we continue our broadcast, stay with us, the telethon continues, and i will see you tomorrow at 7 in the morning, stay. 300,000 children are planned to return to school this year, according to the ministry of education, as of now, ukrainian schools have more than 10,000 shelters. this year, 570 students, including 58 first graders, will study in the capital school number 199. the educational institution has its own point of invincibility and shelter, to which not only

students of the school descend during an air raid, but also pupils come the neighboring kindergarten. earlier. it was just a basement filled with sand, and now it is a comfortable and equipped shelter that has been fully functional for two years, before that it was just a basement, now we have zoned it and divided it into sectors, it is directly located here, you see each class is signed, and each class knows where it should be during the state alarm and here are the rooms, in this room, for example, we have students of the fourth and fifth grades, can you pass? here the projector turns on, the video is turned on, and the children can watch the video again, and apart from the alarm, we also use it as a room for watching educational videos, for lessons. during an air raid in the shelter , the children continue their studies in full, a super cool shelter that accommodates all the children,

compliance with all conditions, in addition, there is also direct emergency lighting. if the lighting of the battery-powered lamps turns off, which ensures that children are not in complete darkness. in addition, we have here an additional output, the nodes themselves, a plus water, plus everything we need here. and this is the 42nd capital lyceum, it is already fully ready to receive students. more than 130 first-graders were recruited this year. in total , the school has almost 2,000 students. the shelter of an educational institution covers more. the primary school has its own separate section. in addition, a separate shelter is located on the territory of the lyceum for everyone who needs it. lyceum is ready for emergency power outages. the educational institution has two powerful generators. there is a separate place where children study, there is a separate place where children can to rest, because we can never

predict in advance the amount of time we will spend in shelter. therefore , toys for them are also provided here, and the opportunity comes. to the toilet and replenish the supply with water from our alarming backpacks, or we keep such a supply separately, because not all children can orient themselves and take this backpack with them in time. in principle, absolutely safe, absolutely isolated, the director of the lviv lyceum oriyana knows from her own experience the critical need for shelter. during the missile strike on december 29, 2023, the russian terrorists damaged part of the building at... an educational institution. at that time, this shelter protected almost a thousand people. currently, it can accommodate almost 1,300 lyceum students and 132 employees. last year, the shelter was equipped. another restroom was lit with floodlights, which is powered by a generator during power outages, and wi-fi was also connected. at the signal of an air raid, absolutely everyone descends into shelter, both children

and adults, and it doesn't matter if it's rockets or it's migs, uh, it's child safety, it's minor children, and 100% absolutely everyone goes in the shelter and are in the shelter until the cut-off, before the air alarm cut-off signal, from more than one. only 240 people can accommodate 1,400 students and employees in the shelter of the lyceum named after vasyl stos. that is why the educational institution concluded a cooperation agreement with the frankiv district administration and the nearest shopping center. in total , more than 700 people will be able to stay in the shelters of these buildings, but this is not enough for all the students of the lyceum to study face-to-face. the entire elementary school in our school is full-time , that is, they go every day. all others from in order to accommodate the number of children in the shelter, our fifth-grade children have one day of distance learning. this is the shelter of one

of poltava's lyceums, in which classes are held in the event of an air raid, it is large, so it was divided into several halls for elementary, middle and high school. all our shelters can accommodate a thousand children, 1,000, under the condition that there are 1,500 children in the school. we made such a working regime, the working schedule of the educational institution, so that we work most of the time, everything is equal, we work at school, for two weeks, all parallel classes work at the school, a place was found in the shelter for the area of ​​physical education classes, this year even an office for the subject defense of ukraine was set up here. the teacher says that there is an air alarm, let's get together, then we collect our things, leave the class... wait for the teacher and go down to the basement with the teacher, it happens five times, sometimes a day, and sometimes it's very difficult. due to

constant attacks by russians , offline learning is prohibited in regular schools in kharkiv. last year, part of the students were able to sit for the real ones desks only in underground and metro schools. this year, educational institutions will work at six metro stations and one underground school will open its doors. three of the same are already under construction, three more are planned for 2024. the city authorities have also set up two anti-radiation shelters in operating schools, and classes are held there as well. yes, every 10th student who currently lives in kharkiv will be able to attend a real class this academic year. and if there were no queues in the first underground schools, now there are much more willing parents. those who wish very much many. and, unfortunately, we will not be able to reach everyone who would like to study offline, but this is the most important direction for us, this is

the most important position of the kharkiv city council. according to the prime minister of ukraine , denys shmyhal, 88% of schools are now equipped with reliable shelters. 93% of schools can be safe during education. and teachers. the ministry of defense notes that the biggest problem with shelters is in the front-line and border regions. there are several ways to solve it. the first is state subvention for the construction of shelters, however , it is noted right away that it will not cover all the needs of the communities, so the second way is to find donor funds. and while it continues, a certain percentage of ukrainian schoolchildren will not hear the first bell and will sit down at their textbooks in their own homes. tired of the mess in the kitchen, constantly having to sort through a bunch of pans to find the right one, you need a set of savory pro, unpack the tv. savory

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news time on the espresso tv channel. kateryna shiropoyas works in the studio. three people were injured as a result of the morning rocket attack on kyiv, two were hospitalized. serhiy popko, the head of the city's military administration, reports this. at the dawn of power of air defense , more than a dozen cruise missiles and about a dozen ballistic missiles, as well as an attack drone, were shot down over the city. according to the capital administration, these are kh101 missiles, iskander mabuzhkorean ballistics. damage was recorded in several districts at once, in particular, before the start of the new school year by an explosive.