well, the government said back in the summer that mostly ukrainians need to rely on their own strength, and it is clear that many consumers, well, resorted to such expensive purchases, in fact, these are small generators, if it is a private house, these are various heaters for the heating season , but it is clear that many citizens, well, cannot afford such... expensive projects, both for private houses and for apartments, what are your tips on how to enter the winter with at least a little lighting, at least with a little warmth, well here it is really correct to say, you need to watch your wallet and how it fills up, first of all you need to do the so-called rehabilitation of your building, either it is an apartment or it is a private terraced building, that is, see where you are losing... your heat, it can be

cracks under the windows, and this is clearly visible to the eye, when there is a strong wind or draft, you can even lift a piece of paper and see where the sheet is washed, where there is air movement, these are the cracks, secondly, if they are metal-plastic bags, then they are necessary to inspect, tighten, most modern packages have different modes, winter and... that is, it is very easy , there are a lot of these videos on youtube, how to switch it yourself, even without special masters, if these are wooden windows, then of course you need to see how to insulate them to there were no cracks, then a very large amount of heat is lost either through the attic or even through the ceiling of your house, that is, see how it can be insulated, and whether there are cracks, for example, there is a so-called term: which

is called a cold bridge, that is, what in your apartment or house misses yours it is warm, and i will tell you that mold can be a sign of this, since mold is precisely one of the elements of these cold cities, then this mold must be removed, and then we must remember the insulation options that we had in our great-great-grandfathers’ time, this is it is called carpets in russian. for floor insulation, i was recently in the frankiv region, there they explained that it is called sleepers, that is , such insulation, think about an extra blanket in your bed, think about not walking because it is sunny, but walking in some kind of slippers, that is, such household options, it helps to have a thermos in the kitchen, absolutely true with hot water, but if we talk about light, in particular, how long will the current schedules of power outages last. energy, what do these

graphs depend on and how is it possible to be without light, having not only a flashlight, but what are modern means of lighting? let's consider several scenarios that may exist here: the first is the scenario, according to the minister, that nothing is happening from the outside, that is, we are not being shelled, the energy system is working in the state it is in now. unfortunately, we have a shortage in the morning and evening hours. energy at the level of 2.4 gigawatt hours on average, that is, it is per hour, and these are the peaks when we go to work, send children to school, students to university, electric transport is actively working, we heat kettles, microwave ovens, stoves, if this electric stove, the use of electric energy is increasing, unfortunately, european partners give us away, that is, we import everything possible from them. since we understand that the largest

countries, producers of electrical energy in the european union, that is, france and germany do not border ukraine, so we receive electricity from the same slovakia, poland, romania, partly generated there, partly transit electricity through the unified energy system of the european union, which is supplied to us in ukraine , as well as now an element of the first full-scale invasion of this united european energy system. therefore, having a deficit, having working equipment in the transmission and distribution systems of electric energy, i will remind the audience that the transmission of electric energy are large substations, large networks of high power, which belong to the state-owned company. there is a distribution, that is, it is at the level of each oblast, and the usual one is the city of kyiv at the level of kyiv, it is oblenergo, if it all works properly. in

our country, we have almost lost heat generation in an emergency state, most of the hydro generation capacities, green energy is actively working, but the sun will give us winter. 20% of the required power from it, there will be outages, but this is during peak hours, in the morning and in the evening, if the weather is sunny, for example, at the end of january, in february, even during daylight hours, we can export electric energy to europe, because we will have a surplus of electric energy, as it was last year, and this is again foreign exchange revenue to ukraine, to the state of ukraine, again to restore energy, but as practice shows , it happens. and unplanned emergency situations, here it is not completely known whether this was an information fake, or whether the situation at the south ukrainian nuclear power plant was really difficult, now one of the units is being taken out for repair again, this has already been confirmed by mr. kotin, the head of the energy atom, and the minister

of energy, which went into repair, that is , they do not support the emergency situation, but what is put into repair is the second scenario, and in the second scenario , the deficit will increase. and then we will already have hourly scheduled shutdown schedules, as is happening now. the third scenario, which is not predictable, which is not controlled, it is called, we would ask you not to swear on the air, but i will say, it is a bad word, putin, because of the shelling of our nursery, in the first place , we see that now the enemy is aiming precisely at the objects transmission of electric energy, that is , non-kukrenergo substations, non-kukrenergo lines for what... there was an emergency situation on the line, which is one of the two lines that feeds precisely the zaporizhzhia temporarily occupied nuclear power plant, therefore generating the necessary amount of electrical energy in most cases , we cannot

transfer it from region to region, and the following will happen here: either each region acquires, or there are several regions, for example, as there ternopilsk, khmelnytskyi. this is for example, they acquire a certain autonomy, there is the khmelnytsky nuclear power plant, this electricity is not transferred to other regions, but the region is served, this is how the region is served, just as the southern ukrainian nuclear power plant also serves the south of ukraine, here i would like to touch on this decentralization, it is clear that the enemy destroyed well, a large number of large energy facilities, now the course is to create such really small energy facilities. alternative to large thermal power plants that will work independently, you have given examples that now done, is there still time to make each region its own generation and provide itself with maximum light, maximum heat, there is no possible other option, that is

, this is one of the priority steps, just this gigawatt that the president announces, this is exactly the way to decentralization , the usa works according to this... that is, a decentralized energy system, private power plants, large, small, provide first of all one state, and then, when there is a surplus, not on such networks as we have 750 kv or 330 kv, yes, supplies in other states and the state earns money from it, as well as ukraine under the influence of that external factor, there won't be a bad word now. to be repeated on the air, we have an unnatural, but under the influence of military operations, energy decentralization is taking place, and here it is important at the level of each territorial community, at the level of the region to create its own generation, distributed, this includes solar

power plants on the roofs of schools and hospitals, this is a small wind generation in rural areas, these are the same gas piston installations that we are talking about spoke in order to provide first of all their own needs, and then, if there is a surplus, er, then through the oblenergo network, the ukrenergo network is transferred to various regions, here the dispatchers already work without communities, they themselves perfectly see this whole picture, where how much electric energy is generated, where how much is consumed, and redistribution will be done professionally in automatic mode, but unfortunately, we are forced to move on this model in the coming years, if even for decades. to create a system of distributed generation, there are indeed many now projects, one is the completion of two energy units at the khmelnytskyi nuclear power plant, the second is the construction of the chigerinsk site of the chigerin nuclear power plant, but we understand that these are long-term projects, these

are strategic projects for tens of years that require colossal investments, today we have to work on tactical tasks , first of all to provide household. population and business consumers with electric energy at the expense of own production, and not withdraw funds that should remain in the state for the purchase of expensive electric of energy that is available in european countries, i will remind the audience that we purchase electricity from other countries, except for slovakia, under the so-called emergency dispatcher assistance, that is, it is the most expensive electricity, so there are certain irregularities in the regulatory and legal acts, the regulator is working on it, but at the same time, these funds should remain in ukraine, stimulate the development of new generating capacities, primarily green generation, and secondly, of course, gas furnaces. since gas-fired generation, it is quickly installed, these are installations container-type, brought, placed on

the foundation, connected to the networks, there may be a narrow element here, because if we connect to high-voltage networks there, for example 110 kv, and the vast majority of gas demand installations are 10 km or 10 km, then it is necessary to build a whole substation with separate transformers. which is also a big problem, and that is why repair work, work on the restoration of our power grids is sometimes delayed, because we do not have such reserves, such large transformers, and almost no one in ukraine now they cannot be produced, and transformers, only the logistical task of several months to bring a transformer from germany itself to ukraine, here you said that the construction of nuclear generators is... a really long-term process, but it is effective, it is a productive process, which in the future can

bring foreign exchange revenue to ukraine and provide electricity to our state not only for internal needs, but if we compare it with green generation, which projects are more fast, high-quality and, possibly, easy to implement now during a great war, well, the first is gas-piston real generation, well, this is not green energy, but if we go with... what we talked about with you before the broadcast, these are biogas plants, then gas-fired generation, then this is already green energy, but the energy of the wind and the sun, wind of the sun, the sun is built very quickly, it is easy to build, there are large volumes of equipment in european warehouses, and the chinese manufacture them quickly, and for example, they either deliver them to the port of constanta in romania, or to gdansk, in poland, that is, there are problems with the equipment no there is another problem these are people, since... some of the engineers and builders are now protecting our peaceful sky,

protecting our dream, fighting for the country's independence at the front, some, unfortunately, have gone abroad, and there is a big problem precisely in the personnel to build such projects, there is not enough manpower, this is even one of those problems to build the same gigawatt, then it is a personnel problem as well, because i will not name individual ones. but i have already heard from two mayors that we receive under the program of international technical assistance gas injection installations, but we don't have specialists, we don't have the hands to connect them, continue to operate them, and that's what they are waiting for, waiting for something, waiting for something, they turn there, they search, they search, but this is also a big problem, because yes there are procedures and reservations in energy, but most people. deliberately went to the ranks of the armed forces, may god give them the strength

to return to their workplaces very, i hope, very quickly, but the problem is this, and if we talk about private investments in green energy, perhaps big business, medium long ago made a bet that he could also make money from this and at the same time rebuild generation in ukraine, here we will again divide it into two components. the first component is industrial generation, i.e. these are large solar parks, large wind farms, unfortunately there is a problem of mistrust of investors, especially foreign ones, in the state of ukraine, due to the fact that the debt has formed, now it is about 30%, and non-payments for electricity released into the network , i.e. 100% of the electrical energy declared according to forecasts is released to the network, but the state is, but the state-owned enterprise is a guaranteed buyer is not able to fully cover this debt, unfortunately, times have turned out like this, for example, wind, wind generation has completely

entered the free market, except for one chinese state company, it is in the wind park in mykolayivska oblast, all the others went to the free market, they are more comfortable there than working with the state, and that is why we are now observing the continuation of investments, three companies are large today, two of which have their own oil and gas assets, one is a company with foreign capital is building wind farms in ukraine, including mykolaiv, odesa and ivano-frankivsk regions, and one of the companies relocated its plant from kramatorsk. in transcarpathia and has already built the first wind farm, installed the first turbine, and by the end of the year it is predicted that they will complete this first wind farm in the carpathians, in the transcarpathian region, so the wind is easier here, the sun is more difficult, and since the sun is more difficult to predict, it is more weather-dependent , large fees for imbalances, and

most companies have loans in foreign currency, and when they pay... at a different rate, that is , debts are returned at the old rate, that is why there is a problem with payments from banks, and that is why investors, especially foreign ones, are now skeptical about ukraine, the other generation is the generation for our own needs, here we we see very active positive dynamics, almost 200 megawatts, and this is what is accounted for, because there are unaccounted solar plants that are being built for their own needs, the business built in the first half of this year, this is... a huge number, these are solar plants to cover own needs, the first is retail, these are large livestock complexes, these are warehouses, logistics terminals, for example, in the city of khmelnytskyi you can see a new logistics terminal of one of the companies, where solar batteries are even installed on the facades, a very interesting project, and this is the second such project, where in ukraine, where

facade panels are installed for such a large scale in... once the min of the region made a wall of one of the buildings for guarantee funds, but there is such a more demonstration station, and this is one of the first projects and one of the retailers in the field of self-made materials also in lviv , well, it was a long time ago, also completely equipped with solar panels, this is a trend here, and it is positive, because the business does not want to be dependent on the state supply of electricity. therefore , it is trying to cover its own needs precisely at the expense of solar generation, well, the second step is again gas powder generation, the same retail is now being built to explain to the audience, retail is large shopping centers, for for their own needs , they build gas-piston plants to cover their needs for electrical energy, to also have heating in winter, i have been watching recently on

my way to work, watching a window and a high-rise building. i can already see small solar panels on the balconies, that is, people are trying to somehow provide themselves with electricity for their own needs , at least in sunny weather. in your opinion, if you really said about business, can ordinary consumers in multi-apartment buildings, in private farms, at least pass heating season due to the energy of the sun, i'm not talking about selling the surplus, but at least providing it. of course, this project is not cheap, but is it possible to find a middle ground? in the private sector , it is easier here, and even now there is a government program, a credit program, with a 0% loan for 5 years, the construction of solar stations, just enough to accumulate so that we perfectly

understand that during the day we work at work, our children or at school or students are studying, no one is around on a day when a large amount of electricity is generated, and solar stations work inefficiently in the morning and in the evening, due to the fact that the sun is low above the horizon, so it is precisely here that storage devices are needed, and here the state went to a meeting, heard experts in order to cover precisely these peaks at the expense of your storage, as well for business, most banks, both private and public under the 579 program, also provide loans for solar...storage plants for small to medium businesses, with an apartment here it is much more difficult, because what you say that is installed on the facades of the panel , in principle, this is the same as installing air conditioners on the facades, it is a violation of building regulations and urban planning legislation, since everything that

is placed on the enclosing structure, that is, the wall of the building on the facade, and... is provided for by the project of this building, this is a violation, of course , that method, this is a method of survival, well, we really need to close our eyes, this is survival, this is a method of survival, but in principle this is a violation, and if something happens with this model, then the responsibility will be directly on the owner, we can have strong wind, everything, that is, if you already strengthen it, then you need to take care very carefully about the reliability of the fastening, so as not to reward danger, absolutely true, as well as the generator, which... well, now i see that many are starting to install generators on balconies , and this can also lead to fires, and to the ingress of carbon monoxide, and to the destruction of the structure, if the balconies are old, that's how we see it. by the way, these are isolated cases, but it seems that there have already been two in kyiv, when self-made battery chargers explode and the facades of buildings are destroyed and people suffer,

therefore, it is necessary to be very careful, i think that at the state level, eyes are closed on this solar panel, but at the same time, and here is another option, i saw several ads that a photoma is already installed in the balcony structure. or instead of part of the windows, or as an enclosing structure of the balcony, in principle , this is not a deviation from the project, since the configuration does not change, the material changes, but the configuration of the upper structure of the building does not change, so here it is very much a question, how to choose this material qualitatively, because it is clear that you can buy and just run into a penny, well, there are various options, that is, they are effectively made from old electric cars, they take batteries and use them, but here you also expose yourself to danger, there are also self-made chargers from a group of batteries, of course, if

you have the funds, then it can be done at an authorized sales representative who has a guarantee, who carries security, unfortunately, not all ukrainians have it in their pockets, so we all go out differently, unfortunately, as best we can , but i also want to urge... and warn the audience that to think about winter today, and now to think about it yesterday, it is necessary, meteorologically, meteorologically, the summer is still going on, and we see this heat, but there is very little time left for cooling down, and gradually there from the family in the budget, allocate candles, for flashlights, because we remember the temporary so -so blackouts of the past, as we say the energy of autumn from my period in everyday life , we... we call this a disgraceful period, when in the subway crossings there was a stir to raise the prices of these same flashlights , on the same candles, therefore it is necessary to prepare slowly, to have such

a strategic reserve at home. my new year's garland is already shining when i turn off the lights, when i return from work, just in the corridor, the dawn is very loud, so the second life of the garland. at the very end, a more global but important question, how do you see ukrainian energy after the victory? model, whatever it will be, it will be some kind of mix, maybe not so clear, which we lost essentially, due to shelling, really, it will be a mix, although i of the field of green energy, but i am forced to state that, yes, we cannot do without nuclear power, and for a long time nuclear generation will remain the basis of our power system, maybe power units will be completed, is it difficult to say here despite the initiative that... is a geopolitical issue, since it not only is it a ukrainian project, it is connected there with the american company westenhouse, which

was recently purchased by the japanese toshiba, and whose fuel we consume for the fuel we now consume, having renounced the neighboring country, so it is in another way, if it is in bulgaria to receive these elements, then... again, who will supervise, because this is russian, russian equipment, and in principle, according to logic, their specialists should conduct technical supervision, that is, there is a big geopolitical question, but i think that we ukrainians are such that the main thing is to want, that is , nuclear generation is the basis, we will not raise the issue of hydropower on the kakhov dam, because it is debatable, and both scientists and environmental experts. and environmental activists, there is a very active dialogue here, and maybe even unproductive, sometimes it happens, ah, what, where

reservoirs are still preserved, i think that kharkiv turboatom will also rebuild these turbines, where they are damaged, we will purchase and install transformers, we need hydropower, because, for example, last summer, when the nuclear engineers went out for planned repairs, the boilers also began to be actively repaired, i.e. this past summer, even before the active shelling of heat generation, it was ukrhydroenergo that performed the function of balancing our energy system and worked very effectively, i.e. hydro generation, we will develop and restore it in this way, from now on it is decentralized nature, so decentralized generation is green energy, the capacity of which needs to be increased more and more, and we will do it, i am sure, thank you for visiting the studio. stanislav ignatiev, chairman of the board of the ukrainian renewable energy association, was a guest of channel espresso. i will say goodbye to you, stay with us and watch us. tired of the mess in the kitchen,

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the belladonna medicinal plant is like this. dangerous in nature, turns into belastesin, an ally in the fight against spasm. belastezin is a medicine with belladuna extract, for gastritis and sharp pains in the stomach. tsakirzonnia is a lost homeland. berehy horishni is a former village of boykiv. on january 1, 1939 , 790 people lived in the village, 750 of them ukrainians. june 12. ukrainian population in 1946 forcibly deported to the ussr. creative. the disappeared ukrainian village on the banks of the sian. in 1939 , 960 residents lived in the village, 900 were ukrainians. in 1947, as part of the vistula operation, the residents were evicted and the village was burned down. yablinky is an ancient ukrainian village in the mountain ranges of the western biskids. as of the 38th year , 600 people lived in the village, 562 of them ukrainians.

part of tutuwala to the ssr, part to the north of poland, the village ceased to exist. in total, there are more than 800 villages and towns with a ukrainian population in the republic of poland. almost 700 thousands of ukrainians were deprived of their small homeland forever. greetings to everyone from espresso, i'm naeva melnyk and news for your attention in lviv, near the monument to the deported ukrainians , the memory of those who were forcibly deprived of their homes 80 years ago was commemorated. our correspondent ema stadnyk, emo, attended the commemoration. my congratulations and i will tell you how the people of lviv paid their respects to the deportees from zakerzonny.