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let's keep in line together, from now on in a new two-hour format, even more analytics, even more important topics, even more top guests, and even more feedback, you can express your opinion on the evil of the day with the help of a telephone survey, the verdict with serhiy rudenko, with tuesday to friday from 20 to 22. morning freedom, only. most importantly, we talking about topics that others are silent about, paying attention to details that others do not notice, one ether - one topic that we explore from different angles, now 20 minutes, because we value your time, watch weekdays at 9:10 on espresso , or at any convenient time on radio svoboda youtube. i am oleksandr morchivka,

congratulations, this is an espresso interview, and today we are talking about energy, because russia continues to actively attack the energy infrastructure, and it is clear that such attacks will continue, how to protect objects, how to develop the industry during a major war, about we will discuss this with olga kosharna, an independent expert on nuclear energy and safety. i congratulate you, i congratulate you. mrs. olya, this was the reporting press conference of the head of the cabinet of ministers, denys shmyhal once again emphasized that the winter could be the hardest in the last three years, of course, because of the problem in the energy sector. a lot of people talked about it last year and this summer, and in preparation for the heating season, can we talk about a well- developed defense strategy, a strategy?

development, or so far we hope for again money from international partners, which is about to give us some additional generators there, they are about to finance additional reconstruction of distribution stations, can we now be proud of our steps, unfortunately, time was lost, it's been a year and a half, and these combined rocket attacks shahedes and rockets from... probably september of this year, they were aimed at destroying the generation and thus damaged almost all the capacities of the thermal power plants operating on coal, as you know, dnipro-hes2, hes-2, well, almost all of them were damaged also suffered, and these are very important capacities for the operation of the unified energy system,

balancing, because electricity consumption does not occur evenly, at night there is a morning peak and an evening peak, and then thermal power plants and hydroelectric power plants were connected, and even, for example, in the past year 23 , hydroelectric plants allowed us to go through a period without shutdowns in december, this is not the season for them. and when that flood was already here, unfortunately, the hydro power plants suffered, when they, well, could produce a lot of electricity, but were damaged, what has been done regarding fukrenergo facilities is our system operator, who is responsible for the sustainable operation of the combined power system, who dispatches and... gives

commands which units of power plants to raise, for example, thermal ones were previously and so on, nuclear power plants, they work in the base, they... are not shunting, that is, they have reached their nominal capacity and must work on an even schedule, and when we had a period of outages the 22nd winter of the 23rd year, then they suggested using it at night powerful electrical appliances, because the stations worked smoothly and there was such an imbalance, and there was not enough in... when offices, enterprises are working and the population is going to work, as for these objects, ukrenergo is responsible for high-voltage such transformer substations main

lines, there are there are also operators of distribution systems, this is oblenergo, they have other facilities, there are... mothers, which, for example, next to nuclear plants, open distribution devices are such that, in order to transmission, output of the power of working as power units, there was, and there are, such second lines transformer substations, which are also ukrenergo, but at a distance. how much did you manage to protect all these locations? well, according to information, how many such substations are there, 200 objects. yes, ukrenergo 60 protected the protection of the second level, but it is only against shahedov, these are concrete structures, the first level is gabions made of crushed stone with sand, the second level is such structures, concrete, figurative, but

there is no protection from missile fragments and shahedov from ballistic missiles, and when i hear something underground, well, first of all, the cost... can be estimated, as, in addition, ukrenergo, thanks to such cooperation with our foreign partners, with operators of european systems, they made a large supply of transformers, transformers, they are also produced slowly, in particular high-voltage ones, and they made, for example, the last very powerful attack on the 26th. in august, a lot was destroyed, but the destruction was of a smaller scale than it could have been if ukrenergo had not made second-level protection. you mentioned that the international partners trusted both the supervisory board and the management of ukrenergo

investments, there was technological and technical support, but then why was the head of ukrenergo, volodymyr kudrytsky, dismissed. in fact, several members of the supervisory board went with them and international partners still doubted that we have transparency of corporate governance, comment on this situation, well, first of all, i am monitoring the situation, the first such attempts to fire kudrytskyi were in december 21- th year, which i do not like, that this is on the eve of the invasion of russia, and this happened not only at sukonergo , for example, the main state inspection security, the head of the state atomic energy regulatory authority hryhoriy plachkov in december, the director of physical protection, the deputy general directors of the as for physical protection were dismissed in december and january of the 22nd year, that is, some kind of systematic such

campaign was underway, and then the ministry issued an order to change the members of the board, some purpose. her people there, but she saved kudrytsky then, the us embassy in ukraine, that is, the next day she came to the minister, and the next day they canceled this order, and it remained, several times like this there were attempts, criminal cases were opened there, bulletproof vests, we remember, although i remember her all the time in kiev from... i am there and i myself participated in the search for these bulletproof vests at any cost. in your opinion, why were such radical changes. radical, and there was also an attempt to fire the head of ukrhydroenergo, also in november, december of the 21st

year, but then the supervisory board of ukrhydroenergo did not allow it to be done and that's all, the council remained. on the job, why? because the ministry, well, wants centralization and manage everything, all companies, e. since glushchenko, he, left energoatom, he was vice-president there and became a minister, it is clear that these personnel policies are there in energoatom, well, these are all people from galushchenko's circle, in fact, say andrii derkacha, who is recognized in in the 22nd year, he is already a traitor in ukraine, let me remind you. that the usa has been under sanctions since the 20th year, so this is an attempt to manage

financial flows, aid, and so on, government purchases, unlike the energy atom ukrenergo bought everything cheaper on open tenders, that is, there was no corruption margin, and the head of this direction, she was invited to the ministry. of defense, because it showed outstanding results in savings and so on. this was such an effort. regarding nuclear generation, to what extent can we bet on the future today, that nuclear power units will continue to be built, in particular at the khmelnytskyi station, perhaps there are prospects for the chigorynskaya station, a frozen project, they are talking about it now, or really. will ukraine be a nuclear power in the future? i

i support the development of nuclear energy, but not now, now is not the time. i want to remind you that the system operator ukrenergo is responsible for the stable operation of the energy system. according to the electricity market law, once a year they develop a capacity adequacy report by generating. where, on the basis of tools for using computer models, several models have been verified, they calculate the necessary generation, all types, how much such basic generation is needed, how much is needed for shunting, such as on gas and so on, the latest report is, well, open information, it was an international conference. the decentralization of electric power, organized by ukrenergo,

the following figures were announced: for 10 years , they see a perspective, in total - 12 gw, of which 3 gw (3000 mw), i.e. it is on gas and biogas, 4 gw of a solar power plant, up to 5 gw of a wind power plant and 1000 megawatts are storage batteries. for balancing, that is, ukrenergo does not see new power units in its strategy, and why? well , because now after the destruction of 9wt for six months in ukraine, we have no reserves, and we have to get through the winter, and, for example, from the promised to the president by the minister of one mr. 60, moreover, why so,

when this number was announced as promising, it was probably calculated that it could be done before winter, i am not sure that it was calculated, because i only see energy pr, president zelenskyy said, i don’t like energy pr, but there is energy pr, because i see these statements. you reassured halushchenko, kotin, everything is there, everything, in fact, the gas turbine plant, which was presented by the us government, in december 23rd year, it was installed only in june of this year, 24 mw, the minister instructed to install it, and this is a demonstrative example, that is, in the future it is clear, you can count. for the construction of new nuclear power plants, such as, if there will be chegerinskaya, nuclear units, but

if you are really talking about the fact that it is necessary to quickly, qualitatively and already yesterday, how much to bet on solar, wind, hydro, biodiesel, how much these projects can provide the generation needed by ukrainians during the heating season, in particular, well, now i hope on... big ukrainian business when they saw what was happening with the loss of 900 mw when businesses shut down due to shutdowns. of electricity, they began to ensure the energy security of their productions and build them themselves, and gas-piston, gas-turbine, solar, for example, next to me, with my house, the epicenter, these roofs are all solar, and solar power plants in the climatic conditions of ukraine, they do not work

almost in winter, there is snow separately there, it is necessary to clear it and so on. this is firstly, secondly, i believe that to accept, for example, to adopt the energy strategy of ukraine until the 50th year, in april 23rd year, this is madness, because we do not know energy, it is calculated on the basis of economic forecasts, we do not know what the structure of the economy will be, we lost an energy-intensive metallurgical enterprise, there are some we lost the population, large consumers, we lost a population of 7 million, that is why such a big strategy should be adopted after victory, in my opinion, and now we have tactical, tactical goals, this autumn and winter period and the next will also be difficult, and without

energy promotion, i would like to pay attention to it separately. to the magathe mission and the head of the magathe rafael grossi, who is criticized by many ukrainians on the one hand, saying, well, why does he go to the zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant, communicates with muscovites, he also went to kursk, but where are the results, why does the zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant still continue to be under occupation, a variety of sabotage continues, which in essence. the people of nikopol, who see these diversions, in fact, through a big meadow, so to speak, and the cooling tower burned recently, well, some say, that if there was no magate mission, it would be even worse, please evaluate what work has been done during these years of the great war, full-scale invasion by the head of the magat and experts, analysts, representatives

of the mission, well, first of all, i believe that the stay of the magaten mission. it is not useful, because we have lost sources of information, well, maybe some special services have sources of information from the as, but, for example, i had many personal contacts, and all these personnel left for the controlled territory, this is, firstly, secondly, worse , they are as independent the observers are there, it was understood that magateni's mandate provides, for example, what kind of... requirements for the occupying administration to make some technical decisions, no, but they, well, they write a message that the international nuclear community trusts, because we blame the russians - russia, russia blames us, and when the mission appeared, and now for

the last year, i was surprised that they began to write more... such frank and such reports, for example, about the fact that they began to distinguish the exits of anti-aircraft missile barrel artillery next to the as, or the arrivals, they sorted it out earlier, sorted it out, although they are not military experts, they must be an inspector for the accounting and control of nuclear materials there, because the iaea, it was created to monitor the implementation of the contract. proliferation of nuclear weapons, and the accounting and control of nuclear materials is the main function, and from the employees of the magata, only people who are in charge of accounting and control of nuclear materials, they have such positions as inspectors, others are experts in nuclear safety, traditional safety, operational safety and such

otherwise, he cannot say that this shelling was carried out. because russia has recently been writing in its notes at the invitation of the russian side, the magathe mission and so and so, that is, as soon as they write the truth, they will no longer be invited to zas. second point, we currently do not have a head of permanent representation at international organizations in vienna. since november 23, and when the kurdish military operation began, the russians, well, they started provocations, writing notes. for example, on august 9, a note was registered, in which it is written that on the industrial site of kurs,

we found fragments of rockets, then the phrase: the facts of direct shelling of kurchatov, kurskas, power structures of kurs, were not recorded, then on august 11 the fire in grodyrna with... ukraine's accusations that two drones hit, at the same time , that the cooling tower has means of radio-electronic warfare, there are means of observation by moore, which require power supply, and the fire was due to the fact that there is reliable sources from the zaporizhzhya as reported that the generator had a reserve of fuel, so such a powerful fire was spectacular with smoke so black, that's all. there were no nuclear radioactive materials 2 km from the power units, that is, there was no nuclear radiation danger,

but this is in the framework of the preparation of an informational vote to accuse ukraine that we intend to buy the kas course, and by the way, unfortunately, our ukrainian political scientists and political technologists who comment on all issues. they started to develop conspiracy theories there, what should be bought to exchange for zas, or something else, but we, unlike russia, adhere to international obligations, and for example, my native soldiers, and i know how difficult it is to adhere to the geneva conventions for the treatment of prisoners of war, and it is a risk to life when you take them away from the front line. that is, the purpose of the kursk operation, in my opinion, is completely different, no one is going to fire at the russians there,

the head of the russian embassy met there again throughout august, ulyanov met with the money, persuaded him to go to kursk, he came, they insisted that he admit that this is the result of shelling of kursk as by ukrainian armed forces. didn't say anything i.e., the work of magate is essentially quite important, not just declarative, as many said at the beginning, but these are really useful steps, as far as we can see at the moment according to the announcement of energoatom that magate will expand the representation of its monitoring missions on ukrainian infrastructure facilities that have impact on the safety of nuclear power plants, it seems to me... it will be good, especially when such mass attacks will, unfortunately, continue, well, for example, why such a proposal from the ukrainian side arose because on the 26th

were on the verge of a radiation accident, why, when, for example, something hits a transformer near a power plant, an open switchgear near a power plant, the emergency protection system shuts down the power units as scheduled. the chain reaction and safety stops, this time the russians hit the transformers not near the sac, but somewhere the second line is like that, but they are important for the output of power, they also hit, and fluctuations began in the network, and the reactors did not know how to survive, that is, on august 26, i will remind... the audience that the attack was just right at the exits from nuclear yes, the output of power from nuclear units, and i think that

the magate mission, well, in fact, will help, well, to control the situation, if not to put pressure on russia, as you say, then at least fix, fix, well, yesterday was the first such visit was in the city of magatec , the nearest one was there, they are also in khmelnytskyi, rivneskyi,... south ukrainian, that is, they recorded the destruction, the degree is there, the technical report will be it is clear that there are many such objects in ukraine, on which security depends, and we were actually on the verge of a blackout at that time, i.e. the collapse of the power system of the union in part, and the first, third, and fourth rymna power units stopped. irregularly, the khmelnytskyi power unit worked, issuing a powerful non-united power system to poland through the hasrzeszow line, and then. the southern ukrainian

one due to fluctuation or changes in purity is irregular and so on, why is it dangerous? there is such a thing as the engineer says, it is dangerous to open the safety valve, and it is like an explosion, there is such a sound as an explosion in the first circuit, and the loss of the coolant of the first circuit is water, which cools not... directly the heat generating assemblies in the reactor core, fortunately for us the valves have closed, but if they had not closed, it would have been like in the us, the meltdown accident, when the loss of coolant goes, the meltdown of the core with release radioactivity, in 1979 the usa had such, it is very dangerous, and the fact that ukraine wrote a note.

officially, it is correct, and only after that , when the note was in public access, our regulator, the state of regulation, wrote something, the minister is now active this promotes dangers for the nuclear power plant, that is, on the one hand, the russians allegedly comply with article 56 of the additional protocol to the geneva conventions, which states that it is not possible to fire at a nuclear power plant or dams that contain dangerous forces for the population, but you see, they are not they are shelling a specific object, but the second generation line, well, they designed ares in soviet times, they know these vvr100, vvr 440 that we exploit, well, i think that in the second part of our program with olga kosharna we will talk about sanctions that

it is necessary to introduce, in the opinion of ukrainians , the international community against rosatom, this is important, because rosatom knows about the construction of ukrainian nuclear power plants, which is why such massive attacks continue. let's take a break and be back in the studio in a moment. september discounts on laktial 20% in psarynyk, pam and oskad pharmacies. fm, galicia. listen to yours. in the frantic flow of various events, it is sometimes difficult to determine what is most important . the country magazine will help to understand the essence of phenomena and processes. qualitative analytics and

independent. experts with the country in the center main events september discounts on rezy stol, 10% in pharmacies, plantain, bam and savings. in september, there are discounts on magne b6 anti-stress, 15% in psarynyk, bam and oskad pharmacies. there is a war going on, and not only for territories, it is also a war for minds. we are engaged in propaganda. russia is throwing millions of petrodollars into turning ukrainians into little russians. ukraine will become russia. countering russian information attacks in the chronicles of information war project with olga ley. tuesday thursday at 17:15, repeat, tuesday, friday at 22:00. hundreds

thousands of square meters of damaged property, apartments, houses that need to be rebuilt, about the situation with reconstruction in different regions of ukraine, about people's rights, opportunities and personal experience. this is what olga's house looked like last year, and this is what it looks like now. i am not spending money at the moment. however, how to unite the country in the process of recovery in the project of the program of reconstruction and development of cities. every saturday at 6:30 p.m. the press join the ranks of the 100th separate mechanized brigade of the armed forces of ukraine. protect yours. the result of their work is ours with you security. they, the boys from volyn, proved that everyone can be a warrior. strong in spirit, they appreciate the ability to stand side by side with their brothers and sisters, and...