mechanized brigade of the armed forces of ukraine. let's stick together. i am oleksandr morshchevka. hello, this is an espresso interview. and today we are talking about energy, because russia continues to actively bombard the energy infrastructure, and it is clear that such attacks will continue. how to protect objects, how to develop the industry during a big one? war we will talk about this with olga kosharna, an independent expert on nuclear energy and safety. i congratulate you. congratulations. mrs. olya. this was the report press conference of the head of the cabinet of ministers. denys shmyhal once again emphasized that it is winter may be the most difficult in the last three years. of course, because of the problem in energy. many people talked about it last year and this summer, and already in preparation for the heating season.

season, is it possible to say about a clearly worked out protection strategy, a development strategy, or for now we are again hoping for money from international partners, that they will give us some additional generators there, they will finance additional reconstruction of distribution stations, or we can now i can already be proud of my steps, unfortunately, time was lost, it's been a year and a half, and these rocket eyes the combined shelling and rocket attacks since march, probably the worst of this year, they were aimed at destroying the generation, and thus damaged almost all the capacity of the thermal power plants working on coal. as you know, dnipro-hes2-1, hes-2, well, all of them have been damaged.

have also been affected, and these are very important capacities for the operation of the combined energy system, for balancing, because electricity consumption is not uniform, at night there are peaks, there is a morning peak and an evening peak, and then the thermal power plants and hydroelectric plants and even, for example, last year, the 23rd hydroelectric plant. allowed us to go through a period without blackouts in december, it is not the season for them, and when the flood was here, unfortunately, the hydro power plants were affected, when they, well, they could produce a lot of electricity, but they were damaged , what was done about 'ekta frenergo, this is our system. which is responsible for the stable

operation of the combined power system, which dispatches and gives commands which units of power plants to raise, for example, thermal there used to be, and so on, nuclear power plants, they work in the base, they are not shunting, that is, they reached the nominal power and should work on an even schedule, and when there was a period... we had blackouts on the 22nd winter of the 23rd year then they proposed to use powerful electrical appliances at night, because the stations worked smoothly and there was such an imbalance, and it was not enough during the day, when offices, enterprises work and the population gathers for work, as for these objects,

ukrenergo is responsible for such high-voltage transformer substations trunk lines, there are also operators of distribution systems, this is oblenergo, they have other facilities, there are transformers, which, for example, along with nuclear plants, open distribution devices, in order for the transmission and distribution of power. how many managed to protect all these locations? well, according to the information, there are 200 such substations, so ukrainergo protected 60 of the second level of protection, but this is only from shahedov, these are concrete structures, the first level is gabions, there are crushed stone with

sand, the second is such concrete structures, figurative, but from the wreckage of the shahedov rocket, there is no ballistic protection against ra missiles, and when i... hear some underground, something, well , that, first of all, the cost must be estimated, maybe how? in addition, ukrenergo, thanks to such cooperation with our foreign partners, with operators of european systems, they have made a large stock of transformers, transformers, they are also produced slowly. particularly high-voltage ones, and they did, so, for example, the last very powerful attack on august 26, a lot was destroyed, but the destruction was of a smaller scale than could

be, if ukrenergo had not made second-level protection, you mentioned that international partners trusted both the supervisory board and the management of ukrenergo, there were investments, there was technological support. on the supervisory board and international partners , in fact, several members went with them , after all, they doubted that we have transparency of corporate governance, comment on this situation, well, first of all, i am monitoring the situation, the first such attempts to fire kudrytskyi were in december 21 year that i don't like that it is in... russia, and it happened not only sukoenergo, for example, the chief state inspector of state security, the head of state regulation hryhoriy plachko was replaced in december, the director of physical

protection, the deputy general directors of the as for physical protection were dismissed in december and january of 2022, that is, there was a kind of systematic campaign and... then the ministry issued an order to change the members of the board, appointing their own people there, but saved kudrytskyi, then the us ambassador to ukraine, that is, the next day she came to the minister, and the next day they canceled this order and everything remained, there were several such attempts, criminal cases were opened there for the armor... we remember the vests, although i remember, i was in kyiv all the time during the withdrawal, and i myself took part in the search there these bulletproof vests for any means, in your opinion, why were they radical, and

there was also an attempt to free the head of ukrhydroenergo, also in november, december of the 21st year, but then... the supervisory board of ukrhydroenergo did not allow it to be done and that's all , ratu remained in office. why? because the ministry, well wants to centralize and manage everything, all companies. since galushchenko, he, left energoatom, he was vice-president there and became a minister, then... it is clear that these personnel policies are there in energoatom, well, these are all people from galushchenko's circle, in fact , it's a joke, andrii, who was already recognized as a traitor in ukraine in the 22nd year, let me remind you that

the usa has been under sanctions since the 20th year, so this is an attempt to manage financial flows, help. e, and so on, by state procurement, in contrast to the energy atom ukreenergo bought everything cheaper at open auctions, that is, there was no margin for corruption, and the leaders of this direction were invited to the ministry of defense, because they showed outstanding results, savings and so on, this was such an effort. to nuclear generation, to what extent can we bet on the future today, that nuclear power units will continue to be built, in particular at the khmelnytskyi station, perhaps there are prospects for the chigorynskaya station, a frozen project, it is now being talked about, is it really

ukraine will be a nuclear power in the future, i support the development of nuclear energy, but not now, now it is not... at the moment, i want to remind you that the system operator ukrenergo is responsible for the operation of a stable unified energy system, in accordance with... the law about the electricity market, they once a year develop a report on capacity sufficiency, generating capacity, where based on the use of computer model tools, verified by several models, they calculate the necessary generation, all types, how many basic generation ones are needed, how many gas-powered maneuvers and so on are needed, the latter. here is the report, it was, well, open information, there was an international conference,

the decentralization of the electric power industry, organized by ukrenergo, the following figures were announced: for 10 years, they see a perspective, in total it is 12 gw, of which 3 gw (3000 mw), that is, it is on gas and biogas, 4 h of solar electricity. stations up to 5 gw wind power plants and 100 mw are storage batteries for balancing, i.e. okrenergo does not see new power units in your strategy, and why? well, because now , after 9 g were destroyed, for six months in ukraine, we have no reserves, and we need them. pass the winter, and for example, from the promises promised to the president by the minister, 1 gas, both piston

and other, only 60 megawatts of the 1000 megawatts were built by winter, 60 more, and why so, when this figure was announced, it was promising, it must have been calculated, i don’t know what can be done before winter, i don’t i'm sure that she was miscalculated because i only see energy pr. president zelensky said, i i don't like energy pr, but there is energy pr, because i see these appeasement statements, galushchenko, kotin, that's all, in fact, her gas turbine plant, which was a gift from the us government in december 23, was installed only in june of this year, 24 mv. commissioned by the minister. it is to be installed, and this is a demonstrative example, that is, in the future, of course, you can

count on the construction of new nuclear power plants, as if there were chegeryn nuclear units, but if you are really talking about the fact that it is necessary quickly, qualitatively and already yesterday, how much to bet already long needed for solar, wind, hydro, biodiesel, to the extent that these projects can provide the... generation that ukrainians need during the heating season, in particular, well, now i hope for big ukrainian business, when did they see what was happening with the loss 900 mw and when enterprises stop due to power outages, they began to ensure the energy security of their factories and build gas engines themselves. power plants in

the climatic conditions of ukraine, they do not work almost in winter, there is separate snow there and it is necessary to clear it something else, it's firstly, secondly, i think that to adopt, for example, to adopt the country's energy strategy by... the 10th year in april of the 23rd year is madness, because we do not know, energy, it is calculated on the basis of economic forecasts, we do not know how the structure of the economy will be, we have lost an energy-intensive metallurgical enterprise, there are some, we have lost the population, large consumers, we have lost a population of 7 million, that is why such a large strategy must be... kept after the victory on my opinion, and now we have tactical, tactical goals this fall, the winter

period and the next will also be difficult, and without energy pr, i would like to separately pay attention to the magate mission and the head of magate, raphael grossi, who is criticized by many ukrainians on the one hand, saying, well, what is he? whether to the zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant, he communicates with muscovites, he also went to kurdsk, and where is the result, why does the zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant still continue. to be under occupation, various sabotages continue, which, well, in fact, the people of nikopol, who see these diversions, in fact, across the great meadow, so to speak, and the cooling tower was on fire recently, well, some say that if there was no magate mission, it would have been even worse, please estimate what work has been done during these years

of a great war, a full-scale invasion by the head of the mgt and an expert. analysts, representatives of the mission? well, first of all, i think that the presence of the magate mission in zas is useful, because we have lost sources of information, well, maybe some special services have sources of information from the au, but for example, i had many personal contacts, and all these personnel went to the controlled territory, firstly, secondly, it is worse, they are like an independent observer. are present, it is clear that the mandate of the magathe does not foresee, for example, any such requirements for the occupying administration to make any technical decisions, no, but they write a message that is trusted by the international nuclear

community, because we blame russia, russia blames us, and when we... appeared and now for the last year, i was surprised that they began to write more such frank reports, for example, about the fact that they began to distinguish the exits of the anti-aircraft missile barrel artillery next to the air defense system, or the arrivals; of nuclear materials, because the iaea was created to monitor the implementation of the nuclear non-proliferation treaty, and the accounting and control of nuclear materials is the main function, and among the employees of the iaea, only people who are in charge of nuclear accounting and control, they have such positions inspector, others are experts from

nuclear safety, traditional safety, operational safety. and so on, he cannot say that this shelling was carried out by russia, because russia recently wrote in its notes, at the invitation of the russian side, the mission of magate and te-tate, that is, as soon as they write the truth, they will not be more invited to zas, the second. now we don't have a head of permanent representation to international organizations in vienna since november 23rd, and when the kurdish military operation started, the russians, well, they started provocations, writing notes, for example, on august 9,

a note was registered, which says that there is a course on prommaydanchik. we found fragments of rockets, then the phrase: facts of direct fire at kurchatov, kurskaes, energostruktur kurskas were not recorded, then on august 11, a fire at a cooling tower with accusations from ukraine that two drones were hit, despite the fact that the cooling tower has radio electronic warfare equipment, there are... means observation of walls that need power supply, and the fire was due to the fact that there are reliable sources from the zaporizhzhya as reported a generator with a reserve of fuel, therefore such a powerful fire was spectacular with smoke so black there and that's all, there were no nuclear radioactive materials 2 km from the power units,

that is, the danger of nuclear radiation. there was no, but this is as part of the preparation of an informational one, to accuse ukraine that we intend to buy the kas course, and by the way, unfortunately, our ukrainian political scientists, political technologists who comment on all the issues, they started conspiracy theories there to develop theories that you need to buy to exchange for zas, or something else, but we are unlike russia. we comply international obligations, for example, my native military, and i know how difficult it is to adhere to the geneva conventions of conduct. and it is a risk to life when you take them out of the front line, that is, the purpose of the kursk operation

is completely different in my opinion, no one is going to fire at the russians there, they again met personally with the head of the russian embassy throughout august, ulyanov met with grosi, persuaded him to go to kursk, he arrived. they insisted that he admit that this was the result of shelling of kursk towns by the ukrainian armed forces, but he also said nothing said, that is, magate's work is actually quite important, not just declarative, as many said at the beginning, but these are really useful steps, as it is now really timely according to the announcement by energoatom that magate will expand the representation of its monitoring missions. on ukrainian infrastructure facilities that have an impact on the safety of nuclear power plants. it seems to me that it will be good, especially when such mass attacks

will, unfortunately, continue. well, for example, why did such a proposal arise from the ukrainian side, because on the 26th they were on the brink radiation accident. why? when, for example, something hits the transformer near the as, in the open distribution. device near the power station, then the emergency protection system shuts down the power units as scheduled, the chain reaction and safety stops, this time the russians hit the transformers not next to the power station, but somewhere the second line is like that, but they are important for the output of power, they also hit, and the fluctuations began in network and the reactor did not know how to behave, that is, on august 26, i will remind the audience that the attack was just at

the exits from the nuclear, yes, power output from nuclear blocks, and i think that the magate mission, well, in fact, will help to control the situation, if not to put pressure on russia, as you say, then at least fix, fix, well... that is, they fixed the degree of destruction, there will be a technical report, it is clear that there are many such facilities in ukraine, on which security depends, and we were actually also on the verge of a blackout, that is, the collapse of the energy system. the rymnene power units stopped illegally.

the khmelnytskyi power unit was working, supplying a powerful non- united power system to poland through the line khas zhyshov and then the southern ukrainian one due to the fluctuation of changes in cleanliness , illegal and so on, what else is this dangerous? this is what the engineer says, the dangerous opening of the safety valve, and it is like an explosion, there is such a sound as an explosion, in the first circuit, and the loss of the coolant of the first circuit is water that directly cools the heat-emitting assemblies in the reactor core, fortunately for us, the valves it was closed, but...

the regulatory state wrote something, the minister is now actively promoting dangers for the au, that is, on the one hand, the russians allegedly adhere to article 56 of the additional protocol to the geneva convention, which states that it is not possible to fire at nuclear plants or dams that contain dangerous forces for the population, but you see, they do not fire specifically. but the second generation line, well, they designed it, and in soviet times, they know these vvr 1000, vvr 440 that we operate, well

, i think that in the... part of our program , we will talk with olga kosharna about the sanctions that must be introduced on the opinion of ukrainians and the international community against rosatom, this it is important, because rosatom knows about the construction of ukrainian nuclear power plants, which is why such massive attacks continue. let's take a break and be back in the studio in a moment. we, military personnel of grig's separate unit. named after volodymyr hryga of the platoon of unmanned aviation complexes of the 76th separate battalion of the 102nd separate brigade. in the zaporozhye direction , combat clashes occur daily due to constant enemy assaults. this does not bypass the goliaipil direction, which our battalion has been defending for almost 2 years. currently we need three times more buffs and fire damage from the sky. therefore, we are appealing to everyone who cares to collect funds for 20 dji mavic classic drones and 10

3t mavics. yes, the amount is not small, but the life of your siblings and relatives is much more expensive. we really hope for your support, donation and sharing. let's not let the occupier take a step further together, and let's speed up the victory together. glory to ukraine. glory to the heroes. we return to studio espresso, olga kosharno, independent expert on nuclear energy and safety, guest espresso interview. so, ms. olya, we stopped with you on such a delicate but strategically important topic, the topic of sanctions against rosatom. they are being talked about in the european union, in the states, great britain, but here they dare to introduce restrictions against a large corporation, which in fact... lowered its

claws on all continents, they do not dare, they talked about the 10-11th package, it seems , but nothing happened there. in your opinion, how important is it now to at least start with something, in order to screw up the nuts ? well, it is very important, sanctions and personal against the management of the state corporation and against some companies. connected, well, in the composition of rosatam, there are many companies there, both engineering, and production, and with the nuclear fuel cycle and so on, well, the usa, great britain and ukraine applied. as far as european countries are concerned, this is due to the personal position of slovakia and hungary, which, for example, issued a license in the 22nd year for the construction of the aspk according to a russian project for

a russian one. loans, but there will be no consolidated sanctions against rosa. moreover, on the one hand, france supports ukraine, even macron said that he did not mind if french troops were there on the territory of ukraine, but the state company fromatom created a joint venture with the russian company twel on the territory of germany to produce fvr 440 for the soviet reactors - well, this is double standards, it first of all, that is why i believe that it is necessary for our diplomats to work with the representatives of the european states of the european union, so that they apply, starting with personal sanctions against the management, likhachev, there is the head of the corporation, he also goes to vienna, there meets magathe, vienna, you understand, and

yes. another thing that concerns the projects, the portfolio of orders in the amount of 140 billion dollars all over the world, all over the world, i see there bangladesh is building, turkey, india, china, egypt, now kazakhstan is considering some memorandums of signature, uzbekistan, kyrgyzstan, and they are building not only au. for example, in kyrgyzstan they have a hydroelectric power station there, and a small, small modular one, some kind of russian reactor there, so i believe that our partners who have authority and influence on the governments of, for example, egypt or bangladesh, they somehow have to negotiate behind the scenes, well, here we have to say that not only the construction of objects is taking place,

the country is being planted here. russian nuclear fuel.