it doesn't matter, it happens differently, it happens more at night, it happens more during the day, looking at how they go, they climb, they often climb, they often climb, they would drink a lot, but we manage, many mines have already been thrown here in this direction, a lot. it happened that in three days over 150, when we drove in, how many 10 days have passed, we have not changed our position, we are repelling everything, we are repelling mortar fire, artillery and infantry in front of us are also firing normally, that is, we have not changed our position yet time spent here, and this is... a simple indicator,

you know, it may not be for civilians, well, it’s like for the direction where the enemy is conducting assault actions, well, i consider this an indicator, roman is constantly distracted by the tablet, through which he monitors the situation, the night sky on the front line is full of drones, a saturated area, a lot, yes, scouting is done all the time, you see, it's all thermals, mavic thermals, it takes a lot, if mavics, to provide enough scouting to take out the enemy in time, which... is trying to find some kind of gap in our defense somewhere, and it is all hot, all warm, hard to detect, even in a thermal imaging drone, but their movements are still recorded, and where the enemy accumulates his manpower during the night, we go there for a certain period of time, there is

an accumulation, what kind of charge, the fourth, who accepted, report on readiness for work, as accepted , look, he is going, he will kill this one now, a shot, in the end, the mines are released precisely at the coordinates showing the place where the enemy's manpower is concentrated, a shot, after the first... mines were immediately thrown quickly, the second mine, because the gap was directly in the area of ​​the target, there 15 m, on the same installations, the long ammunition was poured, they were restored, of course, it’s nice when you clearly hit the target and you just destroy them, the mortar changed our spatula, and that’s it, it’s scary,

to ask a completely different question, but roman, when calculating the coordinates of the target, you also need to take into account the country of manufacture, because mines of different manufacture fly differently, on the front line you need accuracy, some more accuracy, some greater distribution, let's say a lot, even, you know, i don't even know where they are from, we learn to shoot, what the map gives, we shoot, what doesn't give, then we ourselves see how we work and

further, we know how these mines work, how they fly, what kind of ballistics they have, well, it also depends on the charges, well, of course, the mines of the united states, they are the most accurate, and in second place i would note our domestic mines, they are also very good fly in response to the request of donbas-reality, ukroboronprom reported that the priority is now the production of all calibers min, 60, 82 and 120 mm, as well as... ammunition of the soviet type 122 and 152 mm, as well as western 155 mm. according to the commander-in-chief of the armed forces oleksandr syrsky, today the ratio of the use of artillery on the front 3:1 in favor of russia, for example, 45 to 15,000 in july-august. at the same time, he did not specify the calibers in question. the troops say that the intensity of fire is constantly changing, but they are ready to fire ten times more. for... in august of the 22nd year, i

counted only for, i remember then, only for the operation, which, more precisely, for the combat tasks that we performed in sumy region, kharkiv region and izyum, well... it was somewhere around 20 thousand shells, your intensity must have increased after that, no, it decreased, then we worked much more intensively, now there is simply no such possibility, we usually count it in ammunition, but if we now use, for example, 0.1 ammunition on an oak there, we would need at least 0.7 0.8 ammunition there , it would be for a day. it would be noticeable to the enemy, very noticeable. denys began serving in the 93rd separate mechanized brigade of the cold ravine even before the start of the full-scale war. during this time , he managed many systems, soviet from different countries, trophies

left by the russian army, as well as western shot! our task is defense. and it is not surprising, because i say, we saw much worse when we were at war. with wagner, and when they put the personnel in bundles, we killed somewhere in a day, i calculated like this, that's in a day, only our brigade killed 40-50 people, it was in the lanes of our brigade, every day, and this over the course of nine months, you can roughly calculate how many losses they have, but in principle they coped with the task, i say that there is ammunition, the artillery will perform in whatever the weather, the task, the main thing, there were projectiles, now the brigade fires more western projectiles than soviet ones, the ratio is 10 to one, this crew moved to a western installation about a year ago from a soviet acacia, so there may be a diesel leak somewhere, it’s oil, it’s always dirty,

that is, you see it cleaned, then there is already this, as you know, to compare a kamaz with a mercedes, something like this is used on many cars, so it's a straight wheelbarrow that is. the car shows signs of repair, it has just been put into service after being hit by a russian lancet drone. big holes they brewed, soldered, well, it was cut, it was also such a frame, it explodes against the frame and the jet is completely scattered, it has small holes, a new barrel, the barrel was also changed here, because the lancet burned out. my bladder is burning completely, the bladder was completely black, all the wiring was burnt. the wiring burned , and at the moment when i got into the lancet, the car was extinguished, it was still burning, if you trick the car, the starter, trick it so that it starts, is to open the hood, disconnect the socket there, as the americans then, i remember, they also said that there are letters and they said

bacon-eggs, that is, i remembered it in them, and you close this bacon and eggs and that's it, and then the car starts, the car starts, and then we put the barrel to ... styles and on all the steam where you can shoot the gas and fired back on the target from the 109 gun, its known name is this. it is necessary to wipe the wedge after each shot, if it, roughly speaking, gets clogged, then it will not close, it will have to be serviced quickly, you asked before, there is such a thing for gunpowder, something better, something

worse, at one time they carried gunpowder, from they are all black there, you will wash the horseradish later, as i said with commanders, some fly normally, lay down, some badly, simply because the shells... normal happens, it is very rare that 20 pieces of the same shells are almost not, if these batches of shells are different, then accordingly we will have more time for adjusting these projectiles and it is possible for... even if the task will not be completed qualitatively, perhaps it will be completed by 50%, for example, the charges differ in elementary terms, there are 100, there are 100 g of gunpowder, this already means that the projectile will not fly a certain number of kilometers, one

will fly where it is needed, and the other one will not fly, and that is all that we do not take into account all the physical qualities and ballistics of these projectiles, well, it also has a certain ellipse-scattering. let's say, the scattering of these projectiles in the area of ​​the target, that is, projectiles from different manufacturers and even from different batches fly each in their own way, regardless of the conventional uniform standard and combat scheme. pasu hull, detonator, explosive and powder charge, in fact shells from different countries are very different, conventional french, swedish or the british installation fires native ammunition most effectively. 155mm projectiles are one of the main requests from ukraine to western partners. if we look at the industry as a whole, it is already catching up with the need for ammunition production, but... it is worth examining whose needs western industry is filling. the production of projectiles for

ukraine is important and it is a priority for many companies, but they are also focused on the need to replenish national stocks, because some countries have given everything had, and then they bought some more and gave it all away. so there is a sort of competing demand that results from years of maintaining minimum inventories. if all western production was focused on the needs of ukraine. then the ukrainian army would be less starved of ammunition, and that's why i think it's really great to read that ukraine has started to rebuild its own defense industry, so that it can also produce its own ammunition, in europe, let's say, the three biggest centers , who work in production of ammunition, it german let's conventionally say that the center is rhine metal, it's a french center, it's nester and

yurenko, and it's the norwegian-finnish company namo. i am not talking about czech companies, for example, the czech republic is also making progress in this, there is bulgarian ammunition, and ukraine has already established production, but still components and... are needed and it receives them from the outside, and it is only a matter of mastering ukraine of certain technologies, not actually components, not the production of components, so let's say that as the namo company said at the beginning of this year, that the physical expansion of production capacities. it does not mean that there will be a sharp increase

in the production of ammunition in general. the factor that most affects the production of munitions now is the lack of gunpowder or nitrocellulose, that is, special varieties of cotton treated with sulfuric and nitric acid. there were enterprises that used to do this in many european countries in the 90s, but the factories were closed, because then the demand for gunpowder fell, and today it is very difficult to resume production, because... that it greatly harms the environment, for europeans it is an important argument. in recent years , western countries have mainly relied on suppliers of nitrocellulose from other countries. the pulp part, nitrocellulose for european enterprises was supplied by china. but as we know, as we know, there was a huge problem earlier this year, just earlier this year with china and what that was. related, it was related in fact to the beginning of the trade war between the western

world and china, it began sometime in december, when the relevant officials of the united states and japan agreed to limit china in the very micro in microelectronics components, then very powerful companies, in particular from the netherlands, left the chinese market. the company that dominates the printing of the most powerful chips. china stopped almost completely the supply of nitrocellulose, and against this background increased the supply to russia, and russia is in a more advantageous situation in this matter, it receives it from china, and also a lot from uzbekistan, 90% of whose cotton exports went to russia. you

can see some problems with trying to increase the availability of this material, so the seed has to be planted and germinated, which takes two to three weeks, then it has to grow and develop into a full-fledged plant, which is four to six months. it must ripen to grow cotton. fibers, it can take a few more weeks, harvesting can take weeks, depending on the size of the crop, and then the fibers have to be separated from the seeds on a cotton machine, it's... the process doesn't take long, it can be days if it's big harvest, but you can understand that throughout this life cycle there really isn't much room for speeding up cotton production, so you can only really increase the amount of cotton grown as a way to increase supply to the supply chain. due to the lack of raw materials for the production of ammunition and

empty warehouses in the west, ukraine is forced to use its artillery to always fire. literally a zoo of shells, from where they are not officially announced, but for example, the telegram channel of spj vodogray tracks their geography, and at the same time with ammunition from the west, there are shells from india, pakistan, turkey, iran and others at the front countries the origin of some ammunition cannot be determined by their appearance. the variety covers literally the entire line, mortar mines, anti-tank and artillery shells, both western and soviet copies, which were made in ... the quality is walking, very walking, there are countries that supply, the quality is very bad, and we have problems, e.g. , with the separation of the barrels, with the detonation of the projectiles in the barrel, the separation of the muzzle brakes, i will definitely say that we

have no choice, we, we cannot afford to say there, there our main task... to did not break in the barrel and that the equipment and personnel were not harmed, but we have no choice, that we, we work with everything that is given to us. in such a situation , it is difficult to trace the quality of the supplied ammunition, for example, how it was manufactured, if the shells are old, how long they were stored and under what conditions, how they were transported, whether the gunpowder was dusted, or whether the detonator was working. it is not always possible to find an answer to such questions, but gunners need not... just shoot, but also understand how the projectile flies and what to expect from it in general, well no i will name the shells themselves, batches and so on and so on, but we faced such a problem, if we came across low-quality ammunition, they did not cause damage to the enemy, and the shell could explode near

the enemy and inflict no damage at all, just there contusion him and that's all, and that's not enough... this is likely if he lay down, and well, for example, there were such cases when we fired, and the projectile fell right next to the enemy, and he did not suffer any losses, and there were cases when a projectile fell from the soviet system, for example, such as akatsya, in 30 m, and the enemy was losing a lot of ammunition, even those ammunitions that the defense forces receive at the initiative of the czech..., then i predict that they are not checked and no work is done to restore them, or at least test them, and that is why these these cases that you mentioned, by and large , the ammunition, if it comes from third

countries, especially if it's african countries, which, if that, well, we can't guarantee that they were stored in exactly the conditions that ammunition storage requires, so this issue is very difficult. i b would say that projectiles are not inherently difficult to manufacture because the science and manufacturing processes for ammunition are very well understood, they were started a long time ago and repeated hundreds of millions of times. i would say that there are ways that you can ... improve the quality, for example, the quality assessment processes that take place throughout the life of the projectiles. if we look at the projectile itself, we will see that there are several different ways to evaluate its quality. for example, let's take the american 155mm projectile. cases usually are x-rayed to check for manufacturing

defects and are also physically inspected by people on the assembly line. if the wall thickness of the projectile is uneven by... either too thick or too thin, then this can cause problems. the projectile does not fly properly out of the barrel, or may explode when fired from the barrel if the casing is too thin. so that the x-ray process helps to ensure that all the cases are of consistent quality. a physical inspection by a person on the assembly line helps to check anything that might be more difficult identify the machine. cases of abnormal firing of ammunition or their failure are a small part. from the thousands of projectiles that are fired daily on the battlefield in ukraine, because the mass production often deteriorates the quality for russia, the situation with projectiles that burst in the barrels do not hit, but... or do not work, is even more critical due to the supply of ammunition with sanctions north korea and iran, but nevertheless, even low-quality ammunition gives russia mass and an advantage in

the use of artillery. we know that in russians have problems with quality control. ammo that had been stored in a crate on the ground since the 1970s or something. there are other problems where some cases are not filled properly. so if you place half as much explosive, the blast will not go through the projectile case properly. ideally , you would expect the projectile to break into tiny fragments that are almost impossible to see after detonation, and those fragments would fly very, very fast. what if you don't have enough explosives? in one case i saw a shell burst into three parts if you're in the path of those three pieces of debris, that's too bad, yes, but it's very unlikely. can fly in any direction from a shell rupture, they're recovering shells that should have been scrapped, so you can imagine that all those quality control issues that we've discussed just

with western ammunition, in fact in all of these countries i would multiply 10 of them, solving this would be a huge challenge. fpv drones have been balancing the shortage of artillery ammunition for the ukrainian army for a long time, now it's a whole... industry and most ukrainian units have small laboratories where drones are prepared for combat out of the box, like you take every one there or the first, second drone, third drone, and they can be different, so and so it is precisely with this type that the chaos begins that you you can't sit down and start like monotonously doing something, they start to differ and you have to solder in one place, then in another, there you have to do it altogether. to redo something that was done incorrectly, well, like, so in terms of time, how much it takes for one drone, well, like, no one will be able to say, because the drones are different, that is if the batch

is already a copycat, well, in fact, some kind of mass production, where thousands of identical pilots are purchased there, then yes, we can talk about something like that. taras and his brother solder and configure drones to perform tasks in the temporary area. ravine, that's why they have a large amount of work, this is one of the directions in donbas, where the russian troops are trying to advance, if there are a lot of assaults there, then you have to prepare a lot , then the working day immediately increases, as much as necessary, then goes if, for example, more calm, he still prepares with a reserve, well, just in case, because again, no one canceled the assaults. and it is better to be prepared in advance than to try to get something out in a hurry later. but fpv or quadrocopter is only

a platform that still needs ammunition, their production is also established on site. igor has been making munitions for drones for several months. i already had my hands full, as i said, but it was difficult the first few times there, it didn’t work out, and then over time... well, as in every job, you choose for yourself tool and all. he says that it takes about 20 minutes to prepare the most popular ammunition for fpv - the pg-7 grenade launcher shot, but now it is much more common to use a case printed on 3d printers, both as an independent ammunition and to strengthen an existing one. we add the damage power - it's fragmentation, we add fragmentation. it already works, it flies a jet and during the explosion it works , these metal particles heat up and they fly in different directions, well, i don’t know,

they told me what was there, that they were struck immediately to four opponents with such a projectile, hull-shaped for a larger or smaller charge, in addition to fragments, it is necessary to fill it with explosives, and here they use literally everything possible, plastids from a demining installation, tnt checkers, american c4, you see, it is very handy, it is easy to work , different containers are filled in the same way and in terms of the power of the explosion, it is much stronger than the soviet prototype explosives, so sometimes we disassemble such temks are anti-tank, well, but here... the substance is weak, well, it is weaker for fpv, that's how a rattlesnake checker, we also disassemble its monk

in order to take away the bubuhivka, then... it is plastic, it is quite convenient to work and quite powerful, it is easily formed and filled with the tubes we have. engineers are waiting for more industrial ammunition for drones, this is first and foremost about the safety of people. such shells appear, but so far in insufficient quantity. meanwhile , even scarce artillery ammunition is used for drones. engineers already have experience in analyzing cluster shells. there are just such. things that don't exist in such access, that the brigade would give us such and such elements or explosives, so -called igniters, that is, from a cartridge incendiary type ammunition, 15 fpv is easily enough, or even more, that is, it is used much more effectively, but it is a danger, it.. time is not so much

given, so that they also work with them, that is, there is an exchange, we give them something, they give us something, and in this way we help each other destroy the enemy flew, but the production of ammunition for small drones is only a priority of ukrainian industry, experts say, the event is focused on the production of... belts with a caliber of 155 mm. if before the great war between russia and ukraine, a shot cost about a thousand euros, now one of the european concerns, taking into account the significant demand, offers the same product for 800 euros. that is why it is necessary to have your own opportunity to produce western-style projectiles. not so long ago , the license for their production in ukraine was sold by the norwegian-finnish concern namo. but even greater capacities are needed to

deploy in ukraine to close. cycle production, we talk about increasing the technological process, about increasing technological capabilities, but this will not protect us from the shortage of these critical components, once again the critical components are nitrocellulose and rocket fuel, let's say, rainemetal came to lithuania or came to south africa, bought the production capacity there, as well... and in ukraine the same rain metal, it is ready to organize production in exactly this way, together with european partners, because now we know that the trend is taking shape or gaining momentum creation of european defense sufficiency, and ukraine can and should integrate into the entire system here. at the beginning of september, the pentagon

published an indicative report. united states ammunition production data report. currently , the industry produces 40,000 155 mm projectiles per month, although in the plans by the fall of this year, representatives of the us army wanted to reach the figure of 80,000 ammunition, but even for those ammunition that have already been produced, there are not enough projectile charges, in other words, gunpowder. it is made a little less per month in the states than for 14.5 thousand shots. russia aims to produce more than 1 million artillery shells. the us and europe have also tentatively set themselves the goal of producing about a million shells this year, and that's just for artillery, primarily in the 155 mm caliber. for russia, it is 152 mm, according to forecasts, they will produce more than a million shots, as well as about 800 122-mm shells. not to mention ammunition for

tanks, ammunition for rifles. weapons and mortars, which all these countries also plan to produce, not to mention the civilian sector cartridges for small arms. the security of supply chains must definitely be considered. china may have been a reliable partner in the past for certain components, but i think there needs to be a fairly balanced discussion about what the supply of raw materials should be, for example for key munitions. the amount of artillery ammunition produced in the west has increased significantly since the beginning of 2022, but now there is not enough raw material for production, and even more is needed to solve this problem time, therefore the shortage of ammunition in the ukrainian army will remain, whether it will be as significant already for the russian army, depends on the event, only there they can influence the suppliers of raw materials so that the scarce resource does not end up in russia, these were donbas realities, my name is roman pagul