that what is needed is not what is real, but what the president wants to hear, and this is our greatest trouble, that instead of the truth, we are trying to both ourselves and our own people directly, that we are burying ourselves in a warm water, the time for enlightenment and the time for disappointments has already come , and precisely the ability to clearly place accents and ask uncomfortable questions, why someone does not fulfill certain duties, respectively , as prescribed in the constitution and other laws of ukraine, this is a task for... one, because, if we continue to lull if you warm yourself up, then there will be disappointment much more, and they will be more tragic for our country. under the current conditions, mr. general, what options for the government's decisions can save the situation and solve the problem, including the quality of those people who are preparing for the front. and to the fight against

the russians, any businessman, and running the country is also, let's say, a business for certain people, but meanwhile, time, people and money, time, we don't have much of it, but it's all there concerns people, it is a high-quality training of people even before the moment when they joined the ranks of the armed forces, in the right number and in the required quality, we, unfortunately, still have an insufficient number and quality of training people, and in the first place, this issue has not even been completed yet. it is a task for the state to cook in huge quantities, given ukraine's capabilities, we can cook much more, cook with quality, for some reason it is not organized at the state level. as for money, money is primarily the economy, the economy, according to the law on mobilization, mobilization training, must be transferred to functioning in wartime conditions, which means that we have look, the huge number of entrepreneurs who still have not received tasks from

the mobilization plan, because this plan was not developed by the verkhovna rada, was not adopted by the verkhovna rada, was not approved by the president and was not directly elected in the first place in the cabinet of ministers, another puncture in the non-implementation of the existing law , everything is very simple, the economy will work, the needs of the armed forces will be provided, the needs of the armed forces will be provided, we will be able to fight qualitatively using technical capabilities and preserve human life, mr. general. but you mentioned production and the economy, which should also work for the armed forces, umyerov, rustan rustem umyerov, the minister of defense of ukraine, stated that in 2024, the ukrainian share of ammunition at the front will be 41%. and what does the minister of defense say, today every second piece of ammunition on the front is ukrainian-made, if in 2002 the ukrainian share

of ammunition was 18%, then in the 24th year it increased to 41%. thank you to the ministry of strategy and industry team for constructive cooperation. you, mr. general, are on the air of our tv channel more than once they talked about the fact that these successes that are currently there, they are, well, insufficient, and these successes should have been made back in 2019, when defense orders were approved or not approved for... when zelenskyi came to power, and when it was really necessary to prepare for war, in spite of everything, how do you now evaluate this dynamic, whether it is sufficient or insufficient, or simply, well, it is one thing to start making ammunition from 0% to 40%, relatively speaking, and another when it is about 40%. there is up to 90% difference in numbers and

in the amount of ammunition that is produced, well, let me disappoint you and just give you real numbers, but we heard about 40%. by the way, yesterday i spoke with some military personnel from the front, and here they complain very much about the quality of ukrainian ammunition, especially with regard to mortar ammunition, they say: god forbid that at least out of ten that fly, god forbid that p' it worked, that's the whole answer for you. next question: 40% of the total ammo requirement? unfortunately, i can't say the real thing on air right now number of ammunition that we use during one day, but i will just give you a simple example, which is not a secret: we hope that the americans in august produced 40 thousand shells for ukraine in a month, 40 thousand shells in a month - four days, relatively speaking, active hostilities. our share. you said 40%, it's somewhere

at the level of e, well, let's raise it, let it be 20 thousand, and besides, that's another plus 2 days. and how many days do we have? six days of active hostilities during the month. ask yourself the questions themselves: do we produce them in the right amount or not in the right amount? and growth from zero, yes, if there was zero, and now there are 40 shells, then this is a 40% growth. but in reality, it is completely different, and the fact that the front simply requires projectiles of different calibers, 120, 105, 107, 100. 155, and these projectiles are required, but they are not available, so be glad that there is a lot of things there , you know, it's like looking at a glass, some say it's half empty, others say it's half full, so everyone has their own view, i'm like

a scout with a certain experience of service in the armed forces, more than a dozen years, i look more cynically at such things, because i was taught to look at things realistically and not to be fooled. myself and my subordinates in a warm bath, well, i wanted to ask you about the warm bath, because denys shmyhal also boasts that the production of weapons has tripled this year, he said this during a recent press conference, let's hear more of the prime minister of ukraine. in 2023, it should be emphasized that the production of weapons in ukraine increased three times, and in the first... eight times months of this year, we have doubled our production since the 23rd year, that is, we are progressing, the production of drones continues to grow, we have created a market for drones, opening opportunities for business, for enterprises, in addition , this year we have paid attention and created

a market for weapons for drones , ammunition itself, respectively, one plus million drones have already been contracted this year, so more than 1 million, our own production of projectiles is increasing, not only ammunition for drones, but we are also working on the production of our own ammunition for artillery, the most scarce the position that we are looking for together with partners around the world, well, the tears of delight are preventing us from listening, well, we are already, well, let's go back once again, if we compare from zero, then there is growth, but if we compare that it was not done in 19'. then the question is whether we did not do that before, this is the first, second, issue of drones, and now the question is not only about the number of drones, but about the quality of training of operators, please tell us, on the bases of our higher educational institutions of a civilian

profile, what is the number of additional training courses for various military specialties open, we will be surprised that it is not open, i will give you an example of the enemy, they are in the 22nd year... 50 civilian educational institutions opened additional training courses, they really prepared for war and really paid attention to it, we we talk about the quantity, but for some reason we completely forget about the quality, and if mr. shmyhal would say how many drones that are produced reach the target, and why they do not reach the target, and what is the fault, then the numbers would be completely different, we ourselves we put ourselves in a warm bath again. because guys, what return from the front, they say completely different things, and believe me, knowing, having fought with them since the 14th year, i trust them much more and understand that the front needs more, that they started to move well, but i will name a huge number enterprises that are still not involved in the production of products of military importance, mr.

general, you have extensive experience in serving in the armed forces of ukraine and have also held managerial positions. the last week or the last few weeks in social networks, and not only in social networks, are spreading topic the possible dismissal of general budanov from the position of head of the main department of the ministry of intelligence, the ministry of defense of ukraine, are there reasons for staff rotations in gur and what could they be related to, if they really are? well, in fact, banal reasons, they were just as banal as those related to general zaluzhnyi, and general budanov became too popular on certain information resources, and this, let’s say, annoys certain leaders in the pechersk hills, and they are very are nervous that it can

to become, let's say, a certain competitor for the possible elections that they draw in their heads, saying that they are not preparing for it, but in the meantime, many of their actions show that they still have certain views about the elections, and in you can always find flaws in any system, just like if you open the development law and see what the intelligence agency is responsible for and what it has to do. a huge number of questions will appear to general bohdanov, so everything is very simple here, if you need flaws, you don't need to look for them in particular, open the governing documents, it is clear that general budanov probably does not dream of a political career and does not think about presidential ambitions there or ambitions to create a party, although, as sociologists told me, there are closed polls where it is said that and budanov for... may have their own parliamentary factions, well, respectively , political parties, and zaluzhny is actually

the number one contender after zelensky for the post of president of ukraine, i don't know if you and zaluzhny communicate, does he have any political ambitions at all? well, that's a question for me yet that i keep, let's say, as an affair for the future, i'll just give you an example of how the increased power in the information space is now rising. the issue of sabotage on russian gas and oil pipelines in the baltic sea, and how it seems that zaluzhny knew about it, but for some reason the president did not, and just when the question is raised about the upcoming elections, why do these facts suddenly appear, these facts were not known back in the 22nd year, were known, for some reason they were silent about them then, who benefits from raising the issue now and... in the information widely against zaluzhny, and especially with regard to the western mass

media, to raise the question that it was he who did these things, but really, it is beneficial for ukraine, it is definitely not beneficial for ukraine, but it is beneficial for those who worry about competition at possible opportunities, that is, that is, all the talk about the fact that zaluzhny knew and zelenskyi did not know about this detonation, was this, was this detonation by a ukrainian special operation? was not, but it all fits into the context of the political context, you know what about the detonations, if such detonations was much more than that, i would be happy and i would not even ask the question exactly who did it, look how clearly and quite professionally the representatives of one of the best intelligence structures of massad in israel work, so they never say that they were there, were not, they don't say wrong, no no. this is really classic work of scouts, our scouts often do pr on certain

simple things, because it is so beautiful, and do not do powerful, serious things, well, from my point of view, maybe then the gur would have to to say, yes, no, we carried out a much more powerful sabotage on some oil pipeline there or somewhere else, for some reason we did not hear it, thank god that we did not hear it, but it must be done constantly, the more efficiently and systematically we will undermine... destroy the ability of russia trade in oil, gas and others, the less money they will earn, we have to go on the air, thank you for an interesting conversation, it was general serhiy kryvonos, friends, throughout the air we are conducting a survey, we will look at the interim results of the survey, will we continue the united states of america aid to ukraine if trump wins, 51% yes, 49% no, we'll be back in the studio in 5 minutes, stay tuned. vasyl

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servicemen of the griga separate unit named after volodymyr griga, of the unmanned aviation complexes of the 76th separate battalion of the 102nd separate brigade. in the zaporozhye direction , combat clashes take place every day due to the constant assaults of the enemy, this... is not the fault of the guliepil direction, which our battalion has been defending for almost two years. right now we need three times as much correction and fire damage from the sky. therefore, we are contacting you to all who are interested in fundraising. for 20 judi mavic klasic type drones and 10 3t mavics, yes, the amount is not small, but the lives of brothers and your relatives are much more expensive, we really hope for your support, donations and distribution, let's not let the occupier take a step further and accelerate the victory together. glory to ukraine, glory to the heroes. exclusively on the air

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20:00 at espresso. the title of king is usually passed from father to son, but the commonwealth of nations was an atypical state in this regard, because the king was elected here, accordingly, the title of king could pass from one family to another, in particular, it was tried on. and ukrainian families from all time from the commonwealth of nations, three of its rulers, three kings, they were from ukraine, this is mykhailo vyshnevetskyi, this is jan sobetskyi and stanislav lyshchynskyi, we will talk about them to talk with our guest today is oleksiy vinnychenko, candidate of historical sciences, associate professor of the ivan franko university of lviv, and researcher of the nobility of the commonwealth of nations, oleksiy, congratulations, congratulations, and the first king

we mentioned is mykhailo vyshnevetskyi. mykhailo vyshnevetskyi was born in the lviv region in biloy. stones mykhailo vyshnevetskyi is a famous family representative of the vyshnevetsky family, his dad is super cool, yarema vyshnevetskyi, famous for fighting against bohdan khmelnytskyi, and he becomes a king, but he is called the kind of king who became for merit his father, and in the polish-lithuanian commonwealth he will later go down in history as the king who probably did the least for this state, or showed himself the worst, is it so, he is really the most unlucky of all the kings of poland? probably not, it is rather that the political situation turned out to be very unfortunate for him, caused that he was disliked during his reign, well, at least some of the subjects who wanted to eliminate him, and in the end he got it later from historians, but here we can rather say about his too short reign, still those four years, so far he sat on the throne, he had little time to do anything, little time to prove himself, and

as those were difficult years for the polish-lithuanian commonwealth, well, it is obvious that everything in our country traditionally relies on... someone at the head of the state, although rich pospilita, as you rightly said, was an atypical state, where not everything depended on the monarch, there was also a diet, which was responsible for many things, including war, international relations, finances, in the end, and demanding everything from the king, who is limited in his power, but obviously this is wrong, yes, that is, mykhailo vyshnevetskyi became king, well , to a certain extent by accident, yes, that is, because when there were elections after the abdication of jan casimir, the candidates... who were the favorites of the elections were foreigners, so, that is, as, as in the end before therefore, one was supported by france, the second was primarily supported by the habsburgs, and in principle the votes were divided between them, and since both sides could not reach an agreement, suddenly vyshnovetsky's candidacy satisfied everyone, you know, then they shouted fist, we take fist yasta, ta, ta, yes, this was the idea, when the domestic

candidates were called "pisyants" by the name of that old dynasty since medieval times, although you did not understand. they had nothing to do with the piasts, and this idea had existed since the beginning of the commonwealth, yes, that is, from the very first elections of the king, but still the voters had not yet dared to take such a drastic step as to elect someone completely unrelated to someone the ruling house or a candidate from the previous dynasty, they chose someone from foreign rulers, sometimes a frenchman, then a hungarian, then a swede, and so the first 100 years dragged on and in fact, mykhailo vyshnevetskyi became the first truly domestic candidate, the swedes stayed a little longer with them. to such a heredity, when a dynasty should sit, that is, we choose every time a new, completely new candidate with no connection to the previous ones. previous rulers by some kind of family ties or so on, so, in other words, it actually turns out that there were two such parties , there was a pro-austrian party , a pro-french party, a compromise was reached, mykhailo

vyshnovsky, because he is, because it is obvious that they could not agree too much among themselves france invested money in the election of its candidate, yes, that is, because it is the 17th century , louis the great rules in france, that is, one of the most prominent french monarchs of that time, and it is obvious that he is what they are talking about... in europe, yes, that is, will france dominate, or someone will occupy it , first of all the apsbergs, and that is why there is a struggle at the levels of different countries, including the polish-lithuanian commonwealth, there could obviously be no compromise, and vyshnevetskyi arranged everyone, yes, that is, he is from a good family, he is young enough, so he will be governed , not related to strong relatives connections, not very wealthy at that time, and therefore the sejm will obey, because funding will depend on him, on the sejm, that's why he arranged everyone at that moment, well, that french... position, i just know later, that even during his lifetime, a lot of such negative pr was thrown at him, they said that he was a homosexual, that he was accused

of literally everything they could, but this is the case when you have to stop pestering the monarch in order to force him to abdicate throne, well, or show that he is completely unworthy and to eliminate him in some way, and they have accused him of quite the opposite things at times, and indeed that he is impotent and a homosexual, and forgive him that he sits for a long time on the ... things happened at that time, it was criticized that he was excessively spendthrift, and on the other hand, they immediately said that he was too stingy, criticized that he walks in european clothes, although we have portraits where he is painted entirely in such a sarmatian style, characteristic for the polish-lithuanian commonwealth, that is, there were many measures, but no they were all true, yes, that is, the fact that it obviously made an impression on him, well, probably yes, because after all, death at the age of 33 is... not an accident, and we are talking about the fact that he is of the vyshnovetsky family after all , but by and large he grew up at the court of the polish king, the previous one, and did any of the vishnivetskyi remain in him? the surname

has undoubtedly remained, yes, that is, the feeling, you will understand, for them it is a completely different perception than for us, yes, that is, they know their family history not only from the traditions of relatives, like most of us, in the first place in turn thanks to that genealogical legend that covers their family, and i think. that he felt very good as a vishnevetsky, even when it came to his reign, we can clearly see how he supports and seeks support from his relatives, that is, because he came from the so -called royal line of the vishnevetskys, well , thanks to him, thanks to his rule, and there was still the so-called hetman line, these were his cousins ​​a little distant, but the vyshnevetskyi, and therefore he seeks support from them, after all, he makes the prince of the chertory prince, yes, that is... this is unequivocally shows that he still has such close ties with the society of ukrainian lands. i'm sure many of you have been to olesky castle and heard the legend about john ii

sobieski and the famous table that was struck by lightning. if you know any other legends related to these kings, which are discussed in our video today, be sure to write to us in the comments. from one ukrainian king, from mykhailo vyshnovetskyi, we move on to another. who is jan sobieski? yan sobetsky, we say that he is well this is the most prominent, one of the most prominent polish kings, but matejko, jan matejko called him a ukrainian rusyn, because his mother comes from the danylovych family, that is, he is also a half-ukrainian ruler, and it's like that, you know, from one extreme to the other extreme , because if he was portrayed as a little bit so infantile, then jan sobiesky should take a sable, drink a little, go fight with someone, and wear clothes without fail. sarmatian style like this with a leopard all over shoulder, this is what yan sobetsky looks like, well, at least in images, was he like that and to what extent was ukrainianness manifested in him? well, ukrainianness is obviously not in

the national sense, because we are already dealing with nations in later times, here the ukrainian environment is territorial or territorial, so that is, the fact that he was tied to our territories is clear, that is, he was born on our territories, born in oleska, his father spent a significant part of his life, strictly speaking, in ukrainian territories, where he was also russian. voivode and belsky voivode in different time, and therefore in the end we can see where he spent a significant part of his life, so of course there is this wilyanov, it is a beautiful residence, which is now part of warsaw, then it was built by the sobieskis near warsaw, but we also see a built-up zhovka, we see the traces of the sobieskis, which remained in various corners of ukraine, yes, that is, in yavoriv, ​​for example, there was once an italian park, this is their merit, because the sobieskis were the yavoriv elders for a long time. in the end , you can remember this house of marysenka in the streak, yes, that is, the legend of the sobieskis and their presence there is, it remains until now in principle, and

in principle it was connected not only to his stay here. only with such childhood memories, as one could say, yes, that is, but it is obvious that he had a strong, strong attachment to these terrains, an emotional attachment, because we have a lot of documents issued in zhovkov, in sycamores, i.e., he sits here all the time and basically runs the country from here, well, probably the most really well-known for our general public, for our audience, is yan sobetsky, because if you come on an excursion, to olesky castle, you come, you are immediately shown the table on which little ian sobesky was born, in which... lightning struck, how the table fell apart, ian sobesky later became the savior of the entire commonwealth of nations, how much of a legend is this and are there any other similar legends related to this , well , it’s obviously a legend, yes, that is, the sobetskys worked very hard on their legend, because it was easier for vyshnevetsky in this regard, he is of a princely family, he does not need to come from his special origin, he is special by definition, because he is a prince, princes cannot become , you can only not to be born a prince, and the sobieskis, in principle

, come from such a small... gentry, and there the senatorial government was first received only by the grandfather of jan sobieski, that is, he is essentially such, well, you can say, newcomers among the elite of the polish-lithuanian commonwealth, that is why they need a legend, well , plus there is a practical consideration, the sobesky tip wanted one of his sons to become a king, and he even achieved such a courtly title for them, the royals, which they were already titled after the death of sobesky, well, in the end, none of them became monarchs like that, although they were related to many... european families, too, which had certain troubles, as with the same stewarts, but, but it was an element of the legend, yes, that is, sobesky had to prove that he was special. sobesky, he still has one such page in his biography, he restored the cossacks in the right-bank ukraine, that is, he again begins to flirt, as then, perhaps, not everyone wanted it in matters related to the cossacks, because he needed a strong ally in the fight against the ottoman empire, because its...

main enemy was the ottoman empire after all empire, he is a famous victor under the turks. and the cossacks and the sobey, that is, they coexisted, or was it still a confrontation again? well , it was different in different years, yes, that is, we know very well that the same campaign of sobetsky in the 71st year to bratslavshchyna, to the cossack bratslavshchyna, in fact, he provoked, strictly speaking, the great war with the turks, to which we had to dedicate the lion's share of his reign later, he was not very successful, at least at the beginning. so i bro didn't consider it in any flirting categories, it's an effort again, to solve the ukrainian issues, yes, that is, what to do with ukraine, to hold it by military, military means is practically impossible, yes, that is, it was clear already in the 60s, well, in the 70s, it was confirmed again, that is, even when it was about coastal ukraine, and to give it to someone, it is obvious that, that no one would want such a thing, yes, that is why they are trying to find such a compromise, and this

is the restoration of the cossacks, this is... an attempt, as a matter of fact, to rely on some local forces , who will be faithful, well, loyal, loyal, common things, uh, so obviously, that the relationship was different, but as a military man, he understood the cossacks, yes, that is, he knew what kind of people they were, because, after all , sobetsky first of all appears in us as a king of warriors, he really was like that, because in politically, he did not cope well, yes, that is, there are loud victories, but... something similar, but in such an early modern format and with such sarmatian, sarmatian ideologies, that is why the cossacks were more of a tool for him than something such an existential thing with which you have to fight or on the contrary, it must be raised by the flock. veshnovetskyi was born here in bily kamen.

sobieski was born here in olesko, there is another third who was born directly in the city of leva, in lviv, in the latin cathedral, then he was baptized, this is stanislav lyshchynski, this king is very interesting, because he is the oldest of all kings, he is 80 he dies there a few years later, he had two terms of office, two came to power, and probably the most important thing about him, which ukrainians should know, is that he was friends with ivan mozepa and pylyp morlyk, that's how deep this bond is there was their cooperation and... how did it happen that mazepa and lyshchynsky ended up in the same room? well, these were the realities, strictly speaking, of the great northern war, which lasted in the first decades of the 18th century, and when, in essence, there were two camps in the commonwealth of nations, yes, that is, one was loyal to the swedish king charles xii, and the other cooperated , actually speaking with his opponents, that is...