night. captioned by closed captioning services, inc. tonight on war stories confrontation in cuba. castro betrays his own people. >> the 20 years i spent in prison were terrible. >> meet the men abandoned at the bay of pigs. >> we were there to fight. >> and see how soviet missiles threatened a world war. >> very, very close to nuclear holocaust. >> it is kennedy, cruise ship and castro. that's next on "war stories." i'm oliver north. this is "war stories" coming to you from naval air station key west, florida, just 90 miles south of here, 11 million people

suffered if the western hemisphere fidel casss stroe's cuba. in the days after he seized power this air base has been crucial to keeping an eye on what is happening in cuba. in 1962 when nuclear missiles were discovered though island, hundreds of aircraft launched from this southern most tip of america as the united states and soviet union teetered on the brink of war. come with us as we take you inside the confrontation with communist cuba. in the 19950s from the tropicana to the hotel nacional for americans in search of paradise no place held more allure than the cuban capital. >> havana was a booming city. is and was a beautiful city. >> the trekter of the institute for cuban and cuban american

studies at the university of miami. >> nightclubs, gambling, beautiful beaches. all of those things that tourists like. the 750 mile long island boasts 307 sunny days a year. cubans love their island homeland. >> i was born in havana but my family lives in a small town outside of havana. >> as a young girl, she enjoyed her weekly visits to the bustling capital. >> havana was exciting. my mother was a teacher and my father worked in the furniture business. >> her parents were among the 6.9 million cubans creating one of the most successful economies in latin america. >> cuba in the 1950s probably had the highest standard of living anywhere in latin

america. >> the author of numerous books on cuban history. >> it became one of the poorest countries in the region to the wealthiest and it has the largest mass of latin america. >> a lot of european shops and a lot of american businesses. it you exciting. >> in march of 1952, cuba was rocked by turmoil, the former president seized power in a bloodless coup from a leblgted elected president. >>. >> installed dictatorship and people started to protest. >> born in 1918 he was a schoolteacher and shocked by the

ruthless repression of the battista regime. >> did you know anyone who had been jailed or worse by battista? >> translator: i myself was jailed by him. >> what crime did he accuse you of? >>. >> translator: he accused me of signing a proclamation for democracy. i was sent to prison and released but nothing compared to why would go through later in castro's jail. >> battista's corrupt wife. he posed a democrat promising a series of elections but the voting was either fraked by fraud or never held. >> slowly you had opposition from student groups. student leadership at the university of havana that wanted to riot against the regime. some started terrorism and violence against the people. >> they learned to fight with guns. they carried out ansa sass nations.

>> bombs in theaters started to happen. my parents became care to feel take me to the city. >> a lot of students became pseudo political and gangster groups. >> one of those was a little-known law student named fidel castro. born august 13th in the far eastern province, castro was the illegitimate son of a plantation owner. >> he had a middle class background. went to good schools. >> by 1940 castro was striving for the world stage. >> he wrote a letter to fdr. >> this is the letter he sent to the american president. in it he congratulates roosevelt on his re-election and asks for a green american $10 bill. >> evidently the president of the united states never answered him and he never got the bill.

>> to this day little is known of his mysterious trip to the u.s. where he lived in a brown stone in new york's upper west side. one thing is clear, on his return to cuba he was obsessed with revolution. >> he at an early age showed violent. >> his target the military barracks. he led a daring unsuccessful attack after which he landed in prison with a 15-year sentence. after a year and a half, he was set free. went to mexico to plan a landing in cuba. he used mexico as a base of operation to plot against

battista, working closely with other cuban exiles. >> there castro welcomed a new recruit, ernesto gur var ra. >> he was a communist, physician. >> he was exceedingly anti-american. >> castro understood he could be useful as he planned the riskiest adventure yet. >> he was willing to take my risk to achieve pow every. >> on november 25th, 1956, they boarded this yacht and set sail for cuba. the boat was 38 feet long, designed to hold 25 people. if they are mission, 82 were with aboard including fidel's brother raul. they travelled this route, sailing through the gulf of mexico around the yucatan peninsula. after seven days, they approached cuba from the south landing on a december late beach. >> the cuban army found out the boat was arriving.

tried to stray them, killed a few of them. >> of the 82 men that landed 16 survived including fidel, raul and gur var ra. it was the beginning of a campaign. >> he and hi group managed to escape to the mountain. >> mountain ranges of eastern cuba and difficult to approach by the military. >> from his mountain hideout, castro began a propaganda campaign, sending messages over the radio claiming he had arrived to liberate the island. >> he never projected an emage of trying to destroy the society. the perception this is good people of cuba fighting a dictatorship in havana. >> but he had a guarded secret. >> it you a manipulation. >> he promised democracy but

castro had a liberty mutual stood with me when this guy got a flat tire in the middle of the night. hold on dad... liberty did what? yeah, liberty mutual 24-hour roadside assistance helped him to fix his flat so he could get home safely. my dad says our insurance doesn't have that. don't worry - i know what a lug wrench is, dad. is this a lug wrench? maybe? you can leave worry behind when liberty stands with you™. liberty stands with you™. liberty mutual insurance.

♪ >> after landing in december 1956, 31-year-old fidel castro, along with brother raul and chez guervarra. >> battista didn't regard this group as a serious threat. here's a small group, a band of revolutionaries in the mountain trying to fight an army of 10, 15,000 men. >> castro understood he could fight the war a different way. >> from the point of view of the cuban people this you not seen as a revolution. >> he presented himself as a romantic selfless leader whose

cause was to restore democracy in cuba. it was in the truest sense a propaganda war and therefore a psychological war. >> and the psychological war was working. >> the middle class. >> there you a group of people that were against battista. my aunt was very involved with them. sending food and medicine. >> i was determined to fight for the freedom of cuba. >> schoolteacher joined the cause. his first mission to make a daring flight in a twin-engine c-47 full of weapons from coast reek ta. >> they laned the plane full of equipment to support fidel. >> did you meet him that night when he came back? >> yes, he embraced and thanked me. before i knew it we were argue sfwlg this is footage of him standing next to fidel.

he said i had to return for more weapons. he reminded me he was in charge. >> he became a brave commander and one of the principle leaders of the guerrillas. gradually the movement began to grow. the army was falling apart. but by 1958, it estimated 1,000 guerrillas fighting against an army not prepared to fight. >> in december, 1958, two weeks before battista fell, the ranks had fallen. >> castro remained in his mountain base and battista and his wife realized their days were numbered. >> there were planes waiting an he carried suitcases full of money and jewels and ran away from cuba.

>> castro began to leave the mountains. he took nearly a week to get to havana. because he made sure there was going to be a victory procession. >> our victory reached january 8th. >> he was flanked by his two most trusted commanders. >> castro wanted us to enter havana first and enter as his bodyguards. >> i remember people going crazy and celebrating. >> havana native anthony -- remembers that day sglit was a tremendous moment. my family sat in front of the tv all day and all night long. and i took a picture of fidel with a pigeon on his shoulder through the tv set. >> there was a mood of

jubilation. >> i was right in there with everybody else. i was gun ho for mr. castro. >> the initial objective was to consolidate power. there were public trials but initially a number of people were executed. public opinion was shock by the executions. almost from the get go you begin to see serious communist endock tron nation of the communist forces. >> i saw that che guervara. >> the cubans saw the new leader was anything but a liberator. he heard it firsthand. >> he told me, we can't give the people economic liberty if we want to keep a grip on them.

otherwise they will think they are free. >> did you feel betrayed by what he said in i was worried and wondered where does this man want to take us. >> he started to confiscate businesses and my father lost hi business. i think we were wrong about this guy. >> how can you be one day with one belief and immediately thereafter you are being told a totally different story. within the first year i was turned, completely against him. >> one person, i read, called cuba's middle class the disposable rocket booster for the communist rocket. castro used the middle class to get in to power and once he didn't need them anymore disposed the rocket booster. >> reporter: they could no longer serve the lives of casss treu's revolution. >> at what point do you think that castro decided to have you

arrested. >> when he learned that i planned to resign from his government. >> 21 october, 1959, nine months after riding in to havana together, he sent his comrade in arms to make the arrest. >> translator: he felt ashamed. he ed said i cant believe i'm doing this. fidel accused me of being a trader to the revolution. >> he was sentenced to 15 years in prison but served almost 20 years of brutal incarceration. >> why do you suppose he didn't kill you? >> translator: i thought that he believed the broken bones and torture would force me to fwif in to him. >> while isolated in the dungeons he recalled what fidel said to him the day he took power. >> translator: he told me if something was to happen to him and raul i would be in charge of

leading the revolution. it is a shame what castro feared never happened. >> president eisenhower ordered the cia to help the cuban people liberate their homeland, but h h

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didn't like cuban society as it existed and he wanted an anti--american revolution. >> it didn't stop castro from traveling to new york and washington in 1959. surrounded by cameras, his goal was to whip up political support for his revolution. while in the nation's capitol,

met with richard nixen. >> one of the smiths is that somehow washington pushed him in to the arm of moscow. castro by this time was delivering anti-american speeches on a regular basis. >> the soviets saw an opportunity to begin to penetrate cuban society. >> october 1959, kgb agents poured in to havana and on february 10th, 1960, soviet premierer sent a man on a mission. >> it ak is sell rates as fidel castro began to nationalize and confiscate american and cuban property sfwls washington was increasingly alarmed and it is at that point that sizen hower gave the grain light to the cia to preparing to overthrow the

castro government. the cia and the department of defense were recruiting an training cubaens to either land on an invasion or do commando attack against the castro regime. >> i found out they had a recruiting center in one of the houses here in miami. >> 19-year-old felix rodly gez immediately joined the movement. >> i signed up, i volunteered for it. >> did you know the cia was behind it? >> no, we didn't even know the cia existed at the time. >> stepping up to volunteer was nothing to new to garcia. in world war ii as an army paratrooper he found fought at canal i want to help you. >> five years later, together with his son georgmanuel came h

from korea. >> you joined the brigade as it you forming up to throw castro out. the movement united men who had a common bond, a dislike for castro and communism. >> i said that guy i don't like. that guy looks like a communist. >> that uz was enough for 18-year-old juan gonzalez to join the movement. >> i told my wife at that time i think we have -- in castro. >> what did you think the goal was of the force. >> get rid of castro and establish a democracy in our country. we were preparing to create -- strong enough to support a government. >> in 1960 the cia sent the men to guatemala for training. while there the u.s. inaugurated a new president. kennedy's closest adviser was his brother robert, the young president appointed him attorney

general. >> kennedy inherited the bay of pigs planning and he didn't like it because it exposed the u.s. hand too much. >> while kennedy waffled, felix infiltrated in to cuba. he arrived february 1961. he couldn't know from the earliest days of the kennedy administration the president and his brother were unsure of the operation. >> by the time the infiltration group went in the plan started to change. >> they decided competing was the operationing but a different concept. >> it was a dark moment in american foreign policy. >> under cover of darkness, the brigade comes ashore at the bay of pigs. the jfk's change of plans spells the jfk's change of plans spells disaster for the freedom

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year. keep it here for the latest business news. fox business, giving you the power to prosper. >> april 1961, as the cold war heated up, president kenty remain ed indecisive about the

pentagon operation to remove fidel castro. the plan called for a landing of cuban exiles, now named brigade 2506, supported by covert u.s. assistance. >> kennedy didn't want the invasion to be too close to havana because he was fearful of the press. >> the professor is the author of "one hell of a gabble gamble" this untested new president wanted a perfect scenario, an operation deniable. he changed the original plans for the landing of the invasion in a city called trinidad and decided to do it at the bay of pigs location. >> the remote swamp area was 100 miles from havana. kennedy thought it the perfect location to conceal american involvement ♪ but felix rodriguez and the other 34 men were never told of the new plan. but as d-day approached the president changed more than just the landing site. ♪ april 1961, phase one of the

three-day operation. american b-26 aircraft, piloted by cuban exiles took off from central america, their mission, come castro's airfield to destroy his air power. in havana, 18-year-old anthony was rocked by the blasts. >> i was getting ready to go to school. and it was like thunder. >> back in washington, jfk watched the operation unfold. as seen in this note pad from the president 's desk, he was clearly on edge. >> the president real ieed, my goodness, i can't keep the secret. i'm just going to wash my hand of the operation. >> kennedy cancelled the air support for the brigade. >> the air was controlled not by the exiles but the remnants of cuba's air force. >> 6:00 a.m., 17 april, phase two of the operation. 1300 men of brigade 2506 slog to shore. >> our boats came here in to the bay of pigs, landed here.

secured this terrain. we controlled the air, established government and from there take over. >> the brigade was unaware of jfk's last-minute changes. >> the brigade begins to land in the middle of the night. they begin to engage castro forces. >> following the landing 200 paratroopers jumped in to cuba, their mission, seize key positions from the coast. juan gonzalez parachuted from 600 feet in to dense jungle. >> jump in front to stop the enemy. >> but disaster was just around the corner. juan was shocked to see a column of castro's army advancing toward him. >> so my chief commander saying how many? ? i 30 or 40. >> oh said oh, just 30 or 40. i said no, 30 or 40,000. >> 104 were killed. >> vechblgly they ran out of

ammunition. they began to retreat slowly. a lot of mistakes were made by those handling the invasion. hiding in havana, felix rodriguez waited to join up with the brigade. >> how do you learn the bay of pigs operation is a failure? >> we start to look at the television. and saw my friends being captured. that day i cried. >> felix hid for five months where he arranged to secretly return to florida. gonzalez and the 189 captured men of the brigade were put on trial. "war stories" tracked down a rare photograph of gonzalez in castro's court. they were all sentenced to 30 years in prison. castro himself came to see the captives. >> castro came to see you? >> he told me, you think you never die. i will kill you. >> castro proclaimed victory

against american imperialism arrested thousands of oppositionists, executed a number of people. this was the major consolidation of fidel castro. >> but with jfk's support the cia began a secret and to this day controversial project to get rid of castro. the strange ideas including an exploding conch shell as a gift. another scheme, a wet suit that would poison him while scuba diving. but the ideas remained on the drawing board. commune euism was infecting cuba. >> you began to see the militant, pro-communist. >> i told my father if you don't let me go, i'm going to go because a i cannot be here. >> i got in to that pan am flight. all the people were leaving the country for good. there wasn't anybody in that flight thats was going back. >> they are among the millions that flee cuba in a mass exodus

from communism. >> the soviet union saw the u.s. failure to act decisively in the bay of pigs invasion as an invitation to do more in cuba. >> in june of 1961 there was a summit meeting in vienna and kennedy was apologetic about the bay of pigs and it's coming out of that meeting that the soviets decide to introduce nuclear missiles in cuba. >> castro says i will take it and sends his brother raul to 340s moscow to hammer out the details. the kg brk works out an elaborate disinformation campaign. there are going to be 140 shipments from the soviet union to cuba. the americans are going to notice this. >> and they did. navy reconnaissance planes detected the soviet ships headed for cuba. but after the bay of pigs

disaster the u.s. wanted hard evidence of what they had aboard. >> the cia gets more missions to fly more. >> they needed to be able to prove to the world it you russians that were building the sites. >> the job fell to richard hiezer of florida. the air force pilot began to fly cia missions to find photographic proof of missiles. he was no stranger to nuclear weapons. he had been at lagoon on 1 march, 1954. >> i was allowed to fly on the day they set off bombs. >> as he piloted the u-2 at high altitude over cuba, he could remember what he had seen. >> if hundreds of them were detonated all over the world, it'd make swiss cheese out of the earth. >> u-2 pilot richar

august of '62 soviet ships were pour nothing cuba secretly carrying massive amounts of military hardware. they were hell bent on a massive arms build up just 90 miles from america's shores. >> kennedy's people are watching. >> the soviets were always shipping military equipment in crates. they began to photograph them at sea. >> senior analyst at the national photographic interpretation center studied the photographs of the soviet ships for the cia. >> we had a big handbook of all of the crates that the soviets had employed. we could measure the crates and determine what was in them. there is a guided missile boat in that crate. >> because of the alarming number of shipments, the cia

ordered new u-2 flights over cuba. >> on august 29th, a u-2 flight discovers a bunch of surface-to-air missiles. >> which is the first photograph of this whole thing? >> this is it here. >> this is sa-2, surface to air guided missile and here's the site complete. here you see the missiles. >> dino used a secret weapon to interpret the photographs. >> i have -- materials. >> he was a high-ranking kgb major who december pied the soviet system. in 1961 he began to pass high profile military secrets including details of his military systems to handlers in the west. >> he had all of the information about the various systems and he would photograph them. >> back at the white house, president kennedy was shown definitive proof that the

soviets deployed sa-2s in cuba. >> on december 4th, he issued a warning to the russians, the greatest of issues would arise if offensive materials were sent to cuba. >> the kremlin unmoved. he regarded kennedy as weak. >> he decides to make it more dangerous. he contacts the ministry of defense and says can you get me nuclear weapons there sooner. he said we can put them on ships an they will be there by october. >> the united states begins to get reports from defectors coming from florida that there was strange movements of boxes. >> my father had a small farm outside of havana. we saw the hills being tunnelled for what we believe were silos. >> finally there's presidential approval for a flight that would do over the western part of the island. ♪ >> october 14th, edwards air

force base, california, u-2 pilot richard hiser was briefed on his new mission. >> my task was to fly over that area and get pictures. >> alone in the sky at 70,000 feet, hiser flew this route after passing through the gulf of mexico he approached cuba and flew north directly over the island. >> this camera was probably 500 pounds. it carried well over a mile of film. it was only about a ten-minute run across the island. and as soon as i landed, i got the film out and flew that straight to washington. >> this is what we saw. we saw eight missiles. they are 65-feet long. >> this is not a surface-to-air missile. >> much too big. >> this doesn't belong in this area. >> the u.s. had proof that he had placed ballistic missiles

with nuclear warheads in cuba. the president sick and weakened from his ongoing battle with addisons disease faced his most serious crisis, the possibility of nuclear war. >> what happens then is for six days the united states government does something that it rarely does, it met this secret. >> kennedy's executive committee considered different responses to the soviet nuclear provocation. >> on october 21st, the president decides that the quarantine is a waste. >> october 22nd, eight days after richarder hiser's u-2 flight kennedy prepared to reveal to the nation and the world that we knew the soviets had nuclear missiles in cuba. in moscow, it was well past midnight. inside the kremlin, crew chef

and the soviet ministry waited for jfk's speech. >> he says, look, we can't lose cuba. he turns to his colleagues and said this may end up in a big war. >> the u.s. and the soviets prepare for war and our my "business" was going nowhere... so i built this kickin' new website with godaddy. building a website in under an hour is easy! 68% of people... ...who have built their website using gocentral, did it in... ...under an hour, and you can too. type in your business or idea. pick your favourite design. personalize it with beautiful images. and...you're done! and now business is booming. harriet, it's a double stitch not a cross stitch! build a better website - in under an hour. free to try. no credit card required. gocentral from godaddy.

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>> establish the fact that a series of offensive missile sites is now in preparation in that imprisoned island. >> 22 october 1961, president kennedy told a tense nation about the soviet nuclear threat just 90 miles from america's shores. as he spoke, he u.s. navy you on high alert.

>> i recall stopping in the war room to watch the beginning of the kennedy speech. >> additional sites not yet completed appear to be designed for intermediary range nuclear missile sfls he ordered a quarantine of cuba. >> we knew if there was a quarantine the navy would have to do it. >> a communications officer on the ship the night that jfk spoke. after the speech they set sail from newport, rhode island. >> our orders were to challenge soviet merchant ships heading toward cuba. >> navy task force 136 included 200 ships. the ships took positions in a 500-mile arch around the island. by 10:00 a.m., 24 october, a day and a half after jfk's speech, cuba you with effectively cut off. nationwide our military went to the highest level of alert. air force pilot richard hiser saw the buildup firsthand.

>> they have so much army this to florida. >> we were deploying aircraft. >> i thought florida was going to sink. >> on the high seas, the destroyer was tasked with finding soviet fox trots, those are project 651 diesel submarines sent by moscow to protect the shipments. >> those fox trots had 22 torpedos one of which was nuclear tip. >> our pry mags mission was to find and kill submarines. we were horrified to learn later the rules of engagement would allow the commanding officers to fire torpedos without moscow could you's permission. >>. >> the kennedy brothers begin to wonder whether there is some way to negotiate on this and he would give them the opportunity. >> for three days the telegraph connections between washington

and moscow hummed with traffic. he finally agreed to negotiate. >> on october 25th, he sends an urgent, emotional, passionate letter to john f. kennedy saying the knot is being pulled by both sides and it's about to break. >> back in havana. >> castro has not played a role at all in these negotiations. moscow cut him out. he need meets the soviet fweed cuba and castro says i have to write a letter. >> he sends a telegraph calling on him to launch missiles from cuba if the united states launches an invasion. fidel castro was willing to cause a nuclear holocaust in order to protect himself. ♪ >> 27 october 19 62, the tension in washington was pervasive.

that morning dino an lietzed the latest u-2 photographs. >> all missile sites are operational, meaning that within six to eight hours there could be missiles coming to the united states. >> the president ordered low-altitude reconnaissance flights over cuba. >> low altitude flights are navy marine reconnaissance flights. >> these are cubans running to their, to the anti-aircraft site and they are firing at low altitude pilots. about noon, we get word that one of our u-2s is late. >> 11 pilots, including richard hisser were flying over the island. on 27 ongt, rudolph anderson's u-2 was hit by a soviet sa-2 anti-aircraft missile. anderson was the only american killed in action during the crisis. >> the swag was just getting out of control.

>> the united states prepared for war. >> what happens in moscow? >> he begins to lose his nerve. in a secret meeting with his colleagues, he says, look, we made them scared. now let's think of a way of getting at this. >> the white house demanded to remove the missiles from cuba. >> eventually the soviets accepted the removal of the missiles in exchange for a u.s. pledge not to invade cuba. >> he announces october 28th, that he accepts the concession. the fury in havana is hard to exaggerate. >> what's the outcome of the missile crisis? sdplit scares the soviet leadership and kills the policy. which is the most dangerous policy followed by any leader in the cold war. >> these are low-level reconnaissance photographs proving that they were dismantling the missiles in

cuba. but soviet subs with nuclear weapons aboard still prowl off the east coast. >> our mission didn't change. if they had been attacked, their orders were to return attack. >> officially the crisis was over. they continued a pursuit of a soviet fox trot submarine. >> they did shake us once in a while. we'd lose contact but always managed to regain it. >> and vechblgly force the submarine to the surface. >> i looked out and there the sail of the submarine broke the surface for the first time and i just froze. i remember it was like seeing a sea monster coming out of the depths. liberty mutual stood with me when i was too busy with the kids to get a repair estimate. i just snapped a photo

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cuba with an iron fist and well over a million cubans have fled to the u.s. seeking freedom.

♪ the man castro betrayed lives free in miami. and still fights for cuba's democracy. and for the 1189 men abandoned at the bay of pigs, including juan gonzalez and manuel perez garcia, it took 20 months and $53 million to buy their freedom from castro. together with felix rodriguez at the museum in miami, they are surrounded by their fallen brethren. >> is this flag still an inspiration to cubans who look for a free cuba? >> absolute sli. and we plan to bring it back. >> after president reagan challenged my kale gorbachev to tear down the berlin wall communist regimes collapsed around the globe. sadly it still keeps people in chains in a handful of countries. today cuba is the only dictatorship remaining in the western hemisphere.

liberty may not be far off. the spark of freedom is still alive in the hearts and minds of the cuban people and with americans who advance the cause of democracy. theirs is a war story that deserves to be >> two proud texans with a passion for old west guns, guts, and glory. >> i do see bullet holes. >> two strange inheritances -- one a lone star mystery... >> i'm roy roberson. >> i don't think he wanted anyone to have the combination, because that was his control over the pandora's box. >> ...the other a texas-sized challenge. >> this may be financially one of the dumbest things that i have ever done. >> together, can they make history? >> fire! [ explosion ] [ door creaks ] [ wind howls ] [ thunder rumbles ] [ bird caws ] ♪