lang on medical center, also the author of inner pulse unlocking the secret code of illness and health. >> and dr. samadi, chief of robotics at mt. sinai medical center. doctors, good morning. welcome. >> happy easter, happy passover. >> yes, definitely. >> it's easter, but we begin with really a frightening story. have you heard about this in oklahoma? raises fears for denltal patients nationwide. authorities are warning 7,000 patients of oral surgeon dr. wayne harrington to be tested for hiv and hepatitis, this after they say his office did not sterilize the dent ool instruments properly. a report says he may have reused needles and rusty instruments were even used. dr. siegel, you go to the dentist, you trust them, know them, you go once or twice a year. how do we know they're following proper procedure? >> marc, i was accepting that question. of course this is a rare, rare

event. times when this has happened. dr. samadi pointed out dr. sedine in colorado last year, also with cardiology appointment where people got hepatitis c. in general, this is a rare occurrence. still, if you go to any doctor's appointment, you look at the sterile procedures, is the doctor wearing gloves? david will talk more. i'm tern concerned here about hepatitis primarily because hepatitis b, a single needle stick carries with it a 30% chance of actually giving you a chronic infection and 4.5 million people in the united states are carrying chronic hepatitis b and hepatitis c infections and most of them don't know it. now, hepatitis c, in underdevel underdeveloped countries, is a real epidemic just for this reason, contaminated medical equipment. in egypt, 15% of the population is carrying hepatitis c. but that's a lot harder to get than hepatitis c. people will want to know about hiv.

i actually had four or five needle sticks from an hiv contaminated needle when i was an intern. but the risk is 1 in 300 by being stuck by a known needle. the biggest concern about this surgeon, of all the disgusting stuff, the reused needles, taking needles other patients have used that may have been infected and sticking other people with that. >> david, how can you tell, that looks clean. >> there are reports that this guy's place looked very clean, professional. you wouldn't think these things are dirty. >> like marc said it's a very rare event. it has happened probably three or four times in the last two decades. one case of hiv has passed from the doctor to the patient, but, look, it's not just the dentist. he's an oral surgeon and dealing with a lot of blood. we're talking about dental impla implants, root canals. you have a lot of respiratory droplets that can go into your eye,s on and on. so the universal precaution that he should have used, meaning that you don't need to have two separate sets of instruments one

more hiv patients and one for non-hiv. we're trained that you treat everybody as if they have hiv or hepatitis for our and their protection. they may have the actual disease without the symptoms. that's rule number one. but the fact you're reusing the needles, some indications that have been around for 20 years or so, that they're expired, assistants giving anesthesia, those are just not appropriate. you talked about, how do you know? when my dentist takes care of me, they have these sterile package of instruments they open. they have a date, a seal. you know, he wears a mask, his gloves. when he leaves the room to answer the phone and comes back, he puts another set of -- these are sterilization techniques that you can -- >> you can ask. is this sterile in is this xairl? is that insulting? >> to some extent because -- this is what we were going to say. yesterday was national doctors' day. we have a lot of great doctors, great dentists, fantastic oral

surgeons. this is not to go to your doctor and say, wait a second, what do you do? pay attention. a lot of things that you do, especially medicine, you want to see the interaction in the office, the doctor, the nurses be, staff. then make your decision. >> marc, hiv, remember when it first got started, the toilet seats, that was treated bunk. can it live on an instrument and get to you? >> absolutely. but hepatitis b lives on dried blood and it's even easier. i want to use this moment to tell people out there, get your hepatitis b vaccine. 65% of health care workers have it. the cdc is recommending all infants, all travelers get it. when travelers come to my office, that's when i get them. i say, you should have this. it protects you. if you were in a dentist office, something like this happened, god forbid, you had your vaccine, 90% to 95% protection. >> his point about hepatitis b is very, very important. like he said, about 30% higher chance of getting hepatitis over

hiv. that's much easier. now, you may not have symptoms, it may affect your liver. you have to be careful. >> so ask questions. >> get tested. >> and get tested. >> the department of health is actually screening a lot of patients, 7,000 of them, free. go get tested p of. >> let's talk about this. there is a major potential breakthrough in the fight against cancer. 0 scientists identifying new genes that can reveal a person's risk for breast ovarian or prostate cancer. dr. samadi this is amazing. >> now finally we have great news for everybody out there because this is the multiinstitution of studenty, over 100 institutions came together, looked at over 200,000 patients. they're trying to really break the genetic codes. when two patients with prostate cancer come to my office, it's hard to know which one has the slow growing disease and which one is aggressive. now for the first time they have come up with genetic codes where they can tell us exactly what

the risk strat fiction is. what that does is it would reduce the number of biopsies, reduce the number of surgeries and radiation. they've come up with the same number of codes, about 60 of them, for breast cancer, 26 for prostate and 8 for ovarian cancer. huge news. still in clinical trial, still not in practice. but in the future, dr. siegel, myself, we can actually look for the geneticist and say, you have to go to surgery, you don't need treatment. that's big news. >> but it's not in practice yet. isn't there some sort of way to check your genetic code to see if you're -- >> not yet. >> at all. >> but we have mapped the genome. now we have 1,000 scientists getting together in a ahundred countries and having a collaborative net wok. numb number one and two are breast and prostate. we get asked about the psa. what will help me more is knowing what the genetic risks are beforehand. same with breast cancer. this study seems to show i will

be able to identify those 5%ss that are at twice the risk at getting breast cancer and 1% that's at three times the risk. so when somebody says to me, i don't want that mammogram, i can say, well, wait a minute, i know in advance your risk is higher, get the mammogram, and for a brac gene, something we debate about is a deadly gene that increases your risk of breast cancer, when do we want to know, should i have a mastectomy in advance, if i could say your risk is 80%, 20%, i can help enormously. >> i'm a little confused because i know we're talking about what's to come, but isn't there something in practice now that -- >> we have some tools. we have the psaammogram, et cetera. but none are definitive. none are specific on the test. the u.s. task force came up and said, don't get a psa until you're 50, don't get a mammogram. there's aa lot of debate. now finally by getting these genetic markers we're able to really narrow down and

dr. siegel and many doctors out there can say, listen, you don't even need to get psa because the risk of getting prostate cancer is so low based on genetic markers. this will change the way we practice, the way we operate on patients and the treatment choices. >> remember that it's the art of medicine we're talking about. >> she's pushing you into the corner. >> i won't be political. i will answer. it. the art of medicine is stake taking every cool and going patient to patient. this is the problem with the guidelines. it's not whether you have this or that. tess a good doctor and good patient figuring out together, this is about more information. i think within the next three to five years -- that's what the authors of the studies are saying -- you'll be able to go to your doctornd get more information than just the psa. >> all right. thank you. >> great advice. so how well do you hear? are you always saying, huh? what did you say? permanent hearing loss affects millions of americans. coming up, we'll have the causes and what we all can do about it. the doctors will be all eerars.

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for my pain, i want my aleve. ♪ [ male announcer ] look for the easy-open red arthritis cap. . back now with the doctors. there's new warnings from the cdc for anybody who cares for babies. new research shows that many infants are being given solid food too soon. dr. siegel, got a baby at home, what do we do? >> there th is a surprising study. the cdc found in looking at over 1,000 mothers that 40% were going to solid food before 4 months. that's after the american academy of pediatrics last year said 6 months. why did they say 6 months? that's when you develop teeth, when you start making chewing sounds, when you're sitting up properly, when your die jet ick

enzymes are working. to give solid food earlier is a medical risk. women who breast-feed don't tend to do it, they wait until 6 months. generally it's because formula is expensive or this is the shocker, their doctor said it was okay. right when the american academy of pediatrics saying it's not okay, the doctors are saying it is. it's probably not okay. they say solid foodful help infants sleep better. that is a myth. >> what's the age? >> 6 months. >> people also think, gee, the toddler is eating solid food, he's beginning to talk, he can do my taxes. they think they're advancing their child when they're maybe not. >> well, what they found -- it's true. but what they found in this study dully was that the parents thought by giving them solid food they'll sleep better at night and also there was economic or financial factor involved because food is a lot cheaper than formula. so what they're recommending is, go ahead and if you can breast-feed that's the best thing because you get all your

antibodies, boost your immune system for the kids. that's the best food. but one of the other studies was very interesting. what they found is if you feed solid food before 4 months the kids don't have this gut bang tier area. they'll get inflammation, they can get diarrhea and another study shows early food for kids increases the risk of obesity, diabetes and eczema and celiac disease. it somehow changes your immune system. you have to be careful, wait until 6 months. >> antibodies, the breast milk gives you that, it's between 3 to 6 months you don't make your own and you're not getting your mother's anymore. your mother's have worn off. you don't make your own for 6 months. >> what about us? have you ever had beachnut tapio tapioca, apricot? it's okay for us? >> you're having some after the show? >> it's 6 months, not 60 years.

>> all right, bob. good advice. >> i don't know what to say. coming up next, the doctors will explain why millions of americans are losing their ability to hear and also what you can do to protect your ears and those of the ones you love. look, if you have copd like me, you know it can be hard to breathe, and how that feels. copd includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema. spiriva helps control my copd symptoms by keeping my airways open for 24 hours. plus, it reduces copd flare-ups. spiriva is the only once-daily inhaled copd maintenance treatment that does both. spiriva handihaler tiotropium bromide inhalation powder does not replace fast-acting inhalers for sudden symptoms. tell your doctor if you have kidney problems, glaucoma, trouble urinating, or an enlarged prostate. these may worsen with spiriva.

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the doctors are still in. tens of millions of americans, including up to 15% of school-age children, have permanent hearing loss. now experts are warning about the causes and steps you can take to protect your eerz. dr. samadi, that's alarm being will what can we do? >> the average age for hearing loss is getting younger and younger. that's because a lot of our children are using this loud music and noises that are the leading cause of hearing loss. over the age of 65 about 40% of people have this kind of problem. i personally think it's a little like -- it's exaggerated because men just don't want to hear. the secret to marriage is you just ignore it until she yells at you, like, huh? >> i love your honesty! >> but the truth is, marc is going to talk about the whole mechanics of hearing. one of the causes of hearing

loss is a great knew m-- ma nee disease, ringing in your ears, virgo, you want to see your doctor. ma neerz disease, low salt, "o" stands for -- toxicity. if you're getting chemotherapy or others, it can affect your hearing and there's noise. noise is the highest risk for you. anything over 80 decibel, traffic noise or higher, is going to affect you. you're going to lose those hair cells and they're not reversible. "d" is diabetic. it causes sensory hearing loss. see your doctor and fix it. a"is acoustic -- finally, y is years. as we get older tlshgs is some truth about some of the hearing loss to get lower and lower. >> i want to talk about noise because that is number one.

to david's point, we definitely can ignore our wives if they say things we don't want to hear. now she knows my secret, too. but seriously we don't notice the noise problem. you try talking on the phone when an ambulance is going by or lawnmowers or something where you think, oh, that's productive, someone is mowing the lawn. meanwhile you can't hear a thing. these earbuds people see, my kids love that. that's much worse than the old headphones you put over there. >> getting closer in there? >> here's why this happens. i want to know why it's permanent. because when you hear, your tim panic membrane or membrane there vibrates. it sends the sounds into the inner ear with something will called the coke lee ya. they're called hair cells because they look like hair. they die. they get disarranged. if you put too many loud noises in there, even one single loud noise like a jet plane taking off, can kill cells.

a harvard study shows they maybe can regenerate their cells. but i don't want to regenerate them. you don't know until you're older. you think, what happened? you can't hear high frequency sounds, speech. it happens in a cumulative way. you can't look inside that ear. >> there are good studies coming from israel. what they're recommending is taking magnesium once a day. it can protect some of the hair cells. and read about n aset yoe sisti sistine, taking 1200 milligrams twice a day can reduce some of the damage to the had hair cells. >> what is it? >> how do you spell that? >> i'll post it on my facebook page. make sure to check your doctor and make sure your hearing is in order. >> good advice as always. an important topic. coming up, we'll have new details on research about pomegranates. doctors are here with some new exciting health benefits from

pomegranates. you've heard about them before. you have the joois juice uice o shelves. does it really work? doctors will tell you. [ male announcer ] this is george. the day building a play set begins with a surprise twinge of back pain... and a choice. take up to 4 advil in a day or 2 aleve for all day relief. [ male announcer ] that's handy. ♪ polaris has what you wan legdary atvs led by the powerful sportsman 850 ho. value-minded side-by-sides featuring the new ranger 800 midsize. and full-size workhorses

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committed to you and copay assistance that can reduce monthly orencia out-of-pocket drug cost to $5. if you're not satisfied after 6 months, you get that money back. call 1-800-orencia. . back now with the doctors. you know your mom told you to eat your fruits and vegetables

but maybe she didn't include pomegranates. we've heard about the benefits from pomegranates. research shows they can be great for your health. dr. siegel? >> i'm impressed. i like pomegranates. they have ant oxidants in them and work well on the heart. there's an enzyme called approximate anays that pomegranates has that is great. we talk about bad cholesterol, but when it gets an ox zation tied up with it, that's when it gets the angry plaque, when you see the arteries clog. there's a doctor in israel where david did the first robotic profit atekt my in israel who responded to us. he's talking about the approximate aanays. he's convinced this enzyme can be used with staten therapy, other ways of lowering cholesterol and can increase your ability to fight off heart disease. >> doctr. samadi, what about th

juices we see? >> pomegranate specifically. >> we love drinking pomegranate because mainly of the fact it tastes great. there's a whole ritual that comes with pomegranate, the way you have to eat it, et cetera. there are a lot of antiox dents, polythen als. the jury is still out on the heart. for cancer, it can inherit aroma taste. there's talk about reducing breast cancer. profit 8 cancer can reduce psa. aa lot is overpromised, underdelivered. there are no risks by drinking pomegranate. just have a glass and enjoy it. i personally like it. there's no risk. >> i like it, too. >> we need further studies. it comes from egypt way, way back they used it for medicinal reasons, including getting rid of tapeworms. >> or move to persia. >> both of you are correct, of course. >> great advice. thank you.