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tv   Legends Lies The Patriots  FOX News  June 5, 2016 8:00pm-9:01pm PDT

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anyway, thanks for being with us, we'll see you back here monday. ♪ >> our liberty boys are gonna give the tories hell! >> that's him, the king's collector himself!
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>> get him! [ all shouting ] >> no regard for the rule of the crown and the protection it affords them. >> [ screams ] >> i will blow a lane through this mob! if you continue to interfere in the king's business, i will forced to defend his interests! just a warning shot across the bow. >> no! somebody help!
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>> it's one of our liberty boys. >> everyone! >> please, somebody help. >> someone get dr. warren! >> ♪ my country, 'tis of thee ♪ sweet land of liberty ♪ land where my fathers died ♪ land of the pilgrims' pride ♪ from every mountainside ♪ let freedom ring
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>> pushed to their limits by an oppressive empire, a determined group of rebels unite under the cause of liberty. their question for freedom will unify a people, ignite a revolution, and forge a new system of government. in time, these brave men and women will come to be known as the american patriots. the seminal figure in the struggle is samuel adams, an influential colonist who defies a king... >> cheers! >> ...organizes a resistance, and in the end, attains the title of the nation's founding father. but behind every title stands a man. and behind every legend, lies the truth. >> the popular image of samuel adams is of a beer-swilling rabble-rouser.
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but that legend doesn't give him the credit he deserves. long before george washington leads an army or thomas jefferson writes of independence, sam adams unites the colonies and takes on the british empire. even more than a founding father, adams is the architect of the revolution. and it is his fight for the natural rights of men that makes america possible. >> gentleman, i propose that we establish an association for the purpose of resisting these attacks to our rights. >> here, here! >> the natural liberty of man is to be free from any superior power on earth, not be under the will or the legislative authority of man, but only to have the loss of nature for his rule. >> along with hancock and his cousin john sam's inner circle includes silversmith and master organizer paul revere and an often-overlooked hero -- dr. joseph warren. >> and defending those same
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rights as british citizens against the tyranny of crown, by force if necessary. >> by force? is there some patriot army that you're keeping from us, dr. warren? [ men shouting ] >> outside in the streets, the city celebrates guy fawkes day. >> guy fawkes day goes back to when guy fawkes planned to blow up the english parliament and the king, in session in westminster abbey. but the plot was foiled, and every year, on the anniversary, there would be a grand celebration in the streets. >> in boston, guy fawkes day becomes more than a party. it's the annual manifestation of the anger of an oppressed people -- those with little hope and even less respect from their far-away rulers. >> rid the streets of 'em, boys! >> let's open their ruddy noggins! [ cheering ]
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>> charge! >> but before their anger boils over into revolution, it begins as a daily struggle in all 13 colonies under british rule. at the epicenter of the struggle is boston. >> as in most conflicts, one front is economic. to weaken the british position, the rebels withhold the enemy's source of income -- taxes. to do this, men like sam adams and john hancock turn to smuggling, sometimes liquor. which means in the eyes of their british rulers, america's patriots are no more than a group of organized criminals.
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>> two yards here, quite nice. >> mr. hancock. >> samuel. >> john hancock is the richest man in boston. he's inherited a very successful merchant house from his uncle. >> he had a tremendous amount of cash. and that was key for sam adams, who was always broke. >> john, i'm looking for something special, perhaps something beyond his majesty's reach. >> i have just the thing for you, mr. adams. >> a lot of merchants made a lot of money by avoiding the taxation. and john hancock was a major culprit in this. >> from my private reserve. i only ask that you put it to good use. >> we'll use it to celebrate my cousin's wedding. thank you, john. >> rich men, like hancock, worked together with street-level organizers like sam adams. >> sam, may i walk with you
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a piece? >> certainly. i'd appreciate the company. you don't require a carriage, do you? >> not today, sam. i have an appointment. it isn't far. besides, i dare make a show of wealth in the streets for fear of that dre hutchinson hunting me down for a king's ransom. >> now, you and i both know there are ways around that, john. [ both chuckle ] >> hancock and sam adams symbolize what we think of as one of the characteristics of the united states -- people of different backgrounds coming together for a common purpose. >> the man responsible for enforcing british rule in massachusetts is lieutenant governor thomas hutchinson. >> this is all the records? >> hutchinson was part of this top layer of officials in the colonies that were appointed by the british crown and were answerable to the crown and didn't feel that they were answerable to the americans. >> all of it! now! >> in spite of high british
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taxes, the american colonies are flourishing, while england's economy is struggling. >> the reason that they taxed america was because of the french and indian war. >> it so bankrupted the british treasury that there had to be ways in which they could make up for this lost revenue. and they decided to tax the colonies. >> bring them out! >> many colonists ignore the taxes, so britain takes action. >> you have no right to do this! >> new tax laws and anti-smuggling searches turn revenue collection into combative encounters. >> and this includes something called the "writs of assistance," which is, essentially, a warrant where the british can search anyone's property freely. >> lieutenant governor.
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what brings you down from fleet street? >> mr. hutchinson, this is against the law. >> [ scoffs ] >> the law, sir...has changed. stay out of my way, adams. >> along with harsh laws allowing search and seizure, england retaliates with the stamp act, a broad tax targeting every american colonist. >> the stamp act required that all official correspondence from newspapers to documentation, even playing cards, had to be produced on paper that bore an official stamp purchased from a customs agent. even though it isn't described as a tax, it is, of course, a tax. and this leads to opposition. >> i now pronounce you man and wife. you may kiss the bride.
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[ applause ] >> sam. >> a heartfelt congratulations to you both. to convince such a lovely woman to wed the likes of you. [ both chuckle ] >> thank you, sam. what is that? >> oh, right. have you heard the new laws? >> a new tax. what of it? >> not just a new tax. it's an egregious violation of our god-given -- >> sam! not today. it's my wedding day. >> just a moment of your time. >> john adams and sam adams were cousins. but there was a difference in the way they lived their lives. john was an up-and-coming lawyer. he's much more the hardworking puritan than samuel was. >> there's no need to protract the inevitable.
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find it within your bearing to accept that which you cannot control. do you wish to run afoul of old hutchinson? >> will you at least read the new laws? >> well, i'm quite certain i shall become as agitated as you are, sam. >> from old hutchinson himself. >> smells like a musty tavern. the green dragon? >> not exactly. but a grand idea, that is. >> when most people think of the founding fathers, they envision wig-wearing politicians debating on the floor of some legislative body. but the first american patriots did their organizing in a bar, a tavern in boston called the green dragon. it is here that their fight begins, not yet for independence, but for equal treatment as the british citizens
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they believe they are. >> ♪ remember, remember ♪ the 5th of november ♪ the gunpowder treason and plot ♪ >> every word of this new law is completely illegal. it's an absolute insult to over 500 years of english common law. you cannot simply search a man's home and seize his property without proper cause and provocation! >> yes. but how do we respond? what recourse do we even have? >> i propose that we establish an association with the purpose of resisting these attacks to our rights. ♪ guy fawkes, guy fawkes, twas his intent ♪ ♪ to blow up the king and parliament ♪
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♪ three score barrels of powder below ♪ ♪ poor, old england to overthrow ♪ >> rid the streets of 'em, boys! >> ♪ guy fawkes, guy fawkes, twas his intent ♪ >> the people of boston do, indeed, have the strength they need to put up a resistance. and as the sons of liberty look to their future fight, they know they need a military force. it's no longer a question of if, but a question of when. >> i think you found your army, mr. hancock.
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dale. dale! oh, hey, rob. what's with the minivan? it's not mine. i don't -- dale, honey, is your tummy still hurting, or are you feeling better to ride in the front seat? oh! is this one of your motorcycling friends? hey, chin up there, dale. lots of bikers also drive cars. in fact, you can save big if you bundle them both with progressive. i'd like that. great. whoo. you've got soft hands. he uses my moisturizer. see you, dale. bye, rob.
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>> charge! >> watching the street gangs on the night of guy fawkes day, sam adams and his fellow patriots see that when they need to fight for their liberty, they'll have an army to call upon. >> like-minded artisans and merchants begin to band together into groups to promote the cause of liberty. they came to be known as the sons of liberty. >> the sons of liberty is an association of men who are looking to prompt situations that will lead to a disturbance that will force the attention of the crown. the sons of liberty weren't just in boston. they were very quickly organized and strewn throughout the original thirteen colonies. >> i think you found your army. >> if samuel adams is the sons of liberty's general, paul revere is its colonel. a silversmith who works his way up from poverty
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to a leader of men. legend relegates revere as a mere look-out, who shouts from atop a horse. but paul revere is both a salesman and a strategist, a multi-talented patriot who organizes tough men, like ebenezer mackintosh, into a force for liberty. >> as tensions escalate in boston, paul revere leads something of a guerrilla army, a band of rebels intent on threatening the king's tax collectors out of existence. >> revere recognized that you need to involve everyone in this, and that includes people from the streets, tough guys who wouldn't mind getting their hands dirty if it came to that. >> you'll hang for this! >> perhaps. but you won't be around to see it. you gentleman have a choice. swear on the holy bible to resign your positions as the king's customs agents.
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or you can stick your heads in yon nooses. >> i swear! >> and what of you? >> while the tactics are severe, the colonists feel they're out of options. >> aah!! i swear! i swear!
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>> now, you go tell your brother-in-law, hutchinson, we won't sit idle while the king's agents bleed us dry. >> this form of resistance is not exclusive to massachusetts. anger over the stamp act spreads quickly throughout all the colonies. >> aah! >> they were tearing down the stamp collectors' homes. they were burning these customs officials and the royal governor in effigy. and so there was a great deal of popular enthusiasm and even violence. >> the stamp act riots render thomas hutchinson powerless to collect taxes. >> how much of this stamped paper has been sold to date?! >> none, sir. >> impossible! these stamps are required... for everything!
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>> with no colonial taxes being collected, parliament is in a state of panic, which means so is hutchinson. >> you have to remember at parliament, they're dealing with an empire that is stretching all around the world. if they allow the abuse of tax collectors in boston, that would encourage lawlessness all around. they decided, "we gotta make an example by putting more troops in boston to kind of clamp down on the troublemakers." >> boston is now under military occupation. >> this is an outrage, mr. revere. a provocation! i fear there's no turning back now. >> oh, there's no turning back for me. not after this insolent parade. >> for paul revere, the army's arrival presents an opportunity. he creates a propaganda piece he calls "landing of the troops." as it travels throughout the colonies, so does
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the fear of military occupation. in sharp contrast to paul revere, the man now in charge of boston is a born aristocrat. >> the senior commander was general thomas gage, who, in fact, was very much a veteran. he'd been in america during the french and indian war. >> the choice of hardened warrior thomas gage proves the brits have had enough with the colonial resistance. so, what had begun as a force to protect the americans becomes an army to police the americans. >> while governor hutchinson has customs agents to enforce the law, general gage arrives with his own army. >> general gage, what do you think of our fair town of boston thus far? >> what i see of boston is a complete collapse of law and order. it shall end now.
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>> knowing battle could be imminent, paul revere and the sons of liberty keep a close eye on the new arrivals. i was one of about 30, chiefly mechanics who formed ourselves into a committee for the purpose of watching the movements of the british soldiers and gaining every intelligence on the movements of the torys. >> with an army camp in the center of their city, bostonians have a constant reminder of their own repression. while rank and file british soldiers start to wonder who has it worse. >> these british soldiers are a long way from home -- young men who are frightened. most of them have hardly the slightest idea of what the political debate is. they're told by their officers, "you need to keep the peace." >> here, an apple. >> i don't believe she's for sale. >> [ chuckles ] >> back to work... before captain preston takes notice.
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>> we're tired of taking orders. >> this is no farmer's brigade. if you desert this army, general gage will untwist you himself. >> for many of the soldiers arriving, america had been a far-away place that you read about in the newspaper. but when they get there, they see what all the fuss was about. this really is a suggestion of a much better life in america, so desertion becomes a serious problem. >> [ pleading indistinctly ] >> some troops arrive with their families, one of the benefits of a world-class army. but with those benefits come rules. >> one hallmark of a professional army at this time is a high state of discipline -- physical corporal punishment for various crimes. and the punishment of choice was the lash. >> the derogatory term "lobster" for british soldiers, or what
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later becomes "lobsterback" doesn't actually have anything to do with the red coats most british soldiers wear. the term comes from the welts and the scars many of the men have on their backs from being whipped. >> please help my husband, sir! >> john, take her. >> punishment for desertion could bring 250 lashes.h, the torture will be spread out for days. each session could be the one a soldier doesn't survive. >> a mr. samuel adams of boston here to see you, milord. >> [ sighs ] send him in. >> general gage. i mean this from the bottom of my heart. what a shame it is that a man of your martial distinction has been forced to accept such an ignominious mission as to police free englishmen -- >> adams! >> no. to police free englishmen
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and to deny his fellow countrymen -- >> enough. seize him. you may proceed. but mind you captain preston here stands at the ready with his sword. >> i've come to request some degree of clemency for one of your soldiers. >> a deserter, i assume? >> mr. gibbon. >> what is his punishment? >> 250 lashes, general. >> certainly a death sentence. general gage, clemency can sometimes be just as powerful as ferocity. >> very well, mr. adams. what shall be done for me? >> the city of boston shall welcome you with a grand party.
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>> well, then it shall be so. captain, let us be sure to make a memorable impression on the troops...and the town of boston.
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>> as the sons of liberty fight for the full rights of british citizens, parliament pushes back. general thomas gage is britain's enforcer in the americas. but more than collecting taxes, he's there to send a message -- comply with the crown, or suffer the consequences. >> margaret, may i introduce governor hutchinson? >> lady. >> governor. >> welcome. >> if you'll excuse me, my dear. >> mrs. gage. my name is dr. joseph warren. you're enjoying boston, i hope? >> it is a rather small town, is it not? >> very much so. >> joseph warren is more than just boston's most prominent physician. secretly, he's also one of the highest-ranking members of the sons of liberty. >> joseph warren is interesting because he's responsible for setting up the spy network
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that would alert as to what the british troops were up to. >> history will later ask if mrs. gage, an american herself, is a spy for the rebel cause, sharing information with dr. warren. >> boston has its attractions. >> i see that it does, doctor. >> please spare my life! >> captain, what is your business here? >> deserters, general. >> assemble your firing squad. >> i'm most sorry, sir! please, sir! spare us, sir, please! >> surely, these soldiers' actions don't warrant -- >> do not interfere. >> fall in! >> gage is a man who has no qualms about executing people in public, in front of onlookers. this is someone who believes in that hierarchy and is going
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to reinforce it through whatever means necessary. >> make ready! present! fire! >> there are two things i cannot abide -- deserters and rebels. do tell your good friend mr. adams i send my regards. >> it's the reality of the situation. the whole message is, "behave. we can terrify people." and that is very much the strategy. >> the fear put into
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the colonists soon becomes hate. life under british rule is now a back-and-forth struggle, getting even with the other side whenever possible. one side of this vicious game -- the 29th regiment of foot, whose soldiers terrorize the streets of boston. >> the redcoats, many of whom are just boys, are unsupervised at night. there's also a kind of freedom that comes from having a certain degree of power or authority over others. this is a recipe for violence. >> oy, lookit here. little spy, looks like. >> excuse me. >> i believe you are correct. >> excuse me. excuse me. stop! let me go! let me go! no!
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>> all right. i'm loaning you then. >> living side by side, british soldiers and american colonists are engaged in a daily battle.
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>> out of the way, you. >> the british are constantly worried about these radicals terrorizing them. the radicals in turn are angry about the british troops. so, it's kind of this horrible mix where the anxieties on both sides are feeding the tension. >> though the colonists struggle daily for their rights, the british continue to treat them like an inferior species, even forcing young men into military service. >> two more for his majesty's navy. >> what gives you the right? >> you would have this group of british thugs who would haunt the back alleys, the bars, and literally press men into service. that was happening with increasing frequency. >> oy! i said let me go! >> oy! >> christopher seider is a young rebel in a group known as the liberty boys. >> grab that little squid. >> the liberty boys were inconspicuous.
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soldiers wouldn't pay as much attention to young boys. and this made them very valuable as spies. >> you have no right to do this! >> look, mr. revere. >> lay into 'em, boys. >> break it up! >> hey. that'll heal up nicely, lad. we'll have a shot of rum for you at the green dragon. >> the press gangs lead to some of the first open battles between the british and the colonists. >> so, sam adams has been, from
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the beginning, advocating decisive action. it seems like he's always proven right. so, the question becomes when is it time to take the kind of action that he's really calling for? so, sam adams' idea to protest the taxes is to get all of the colonies together to join in on a boycott against english merchants. >> the artful and insidious cabinet of britain have, in a lust for domination, adopted the absurd idea of subjugating america by throwing in upon us a flood of their manufactures. >> the sons of liberty proclaims that no british good will be sold. not everybody adheres to that boycott. samuel adams and the sons of liberty are not above marking that place with manure on the door. they're not above breaking the windows at that place. >> marching our fine young men into battle, i see.
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>> that i am. >> hey, christopher. welcome to you and that fine throwing arm of yours. our liberty boys are gonna give the tories hell! >> all: yeah! >> a reckoning well-deserved. >> walking down the street, the mob sees ebenezer richardson, who was an informant to the customs house about various merchants who were not paying their taxes. >> get him! >> no regard for the rule of the crown and the protection it affords them. >> they were also taunting a bostonian merchant who refused to join the nonimportation agreement. >> [ screams ]
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>> i will blow a lane through this mob! just a warning shot across the bow. >> no! somebody help! [ crying ] >> it's one of our liberty boys. out of my way! >> hey, quick. >> dear god. someone, get dr. warren! >> dear god. there's nothing i can do.
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>> what have they done? >> most people think the revolutionary war is triggered by a shot from a british soldier on lexington green. but the conflict is actually set into motion 5 years earlier by a loyalist informant who takes the life of christopher seider. the 11-year-old liberty boy becomes the first american patriot to die for the cause of freedom. >> [ screams ] >> the only answer now is to declare our independence! >> america is at war, dr. franklin. welcome home. >> for more revealing stories on these and other patriots featured in "legends and lies," purchase the companion book available at billoreilly.com and book stores nationwide. after a long day, jen stops working, but her aleve doesn't.
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>> when a young patriot gives his life for the cause of liberty,early all of boston is in mourning. the granary burying ground will become the final resting place of many founding fathers. but before them comes 11-year-old christopher seider. >> samuel adams made this into a huge public spectacle. and there was a great deal of anger in boston. >> they stage an incredibly elaborate funeral with a bedecked coffin that gains mourners as it passes through town. >> while heartbroken by the death of a young boy at the hands of a british loyalist, sam adams also sees an opportunity to harness the tragedy. he uses the funeral as a rallying cry, a plea for all americans to fight for individual rights that we hold so dear today.
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>> i'd like to present boston's most renowned poet, who is, like our victim, but a child herself. >> just 4 years older than christopher seider, phillis wheatley is a young poet with a future on her way to becoming the first published african-american. she memorializes the moment, turning a victim into a patriot. >> in heaven's eternal court, it was decreed how the first martyr for the cause should bleed. to clear the country of the hated brood, he wracked his courage for the common good. all are endangered to the shafts of death. the generous sires beheld the fatal blow, saw their young champion gasping on the ground. >> mine eyes have never seen such a funeral. this shows that there are many more lives
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to be spent if wanted in service to their country. this shows too that the faction is not yet expiring and that the order of the people is not to be quelled by the slaughter of one...child. >> it's in full view, this outpouring of sentiment over the loss of one individual who symbolizes the promise of what many people think should be an independent nation. >> the liberties of our country and the freedoms of our civil constitution must be defended at all hazards. they have been purchased at the expense of our treasure and our blood. there will be an everlasting mark of infamy if ever we shall suffer them being wrested from us by violence without a struggle. this we are in most danger of presently. therefore, we must be aware of it.
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>> the funeral now has boston looking to the sons of liberty for revenge. >> this boy's death becomes propaganda for samuel adams and the sons of liberty. and this is like a match to light the fuse that'll explode into the american revolution. esurance does homeowners insurance a smarter way, which saves money. they offer a diy home inspection, which you do yourself, which saves money. they offer a single deductible, so you don't pay twice when something like this happens, which saves money. they make it easy to bundle home and auto, which reduces red tape, which saves money. and they offer claim forgiveness, so if you make a claim, you could save money. esurance was born online and built to save. and when they save, you save. that's home and auto insurance for the modern world. esurance, an allstate company. click or call.
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>> it's one of our liberty boys. >> someone get dr. warren! >> please, somebody, help him! >> what have they done? >> the death of christopher snider, it's confirmation of discontent with the presence of the british and an injustice coming from the parliament. so, the people of boston are feeling very angry. >> where's the money? you owe me master for a wig. first, you take a job, then you cheat an honest man? >> an honest man? who is this honest man you speak of? i don't see one before me now. >> hey. hey! >> the captain is an officer in his majesty's army. >> he's a ruddy thief and a lobster scum. you know the type. >> the british want to demonstrate that, "we hold the power. you guys better do what we tell you to do."
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>> with the town on edge, brigades of the british army are never far away. reinforcements arrive at a moment's notice. >> captain preston leads out the guard. they form around the front of the customs house. and at that point, the situation escalates, and a mob starts to grow. >> the more force the british bring to bear, the more radical the situation gets. [ bell tolling ] >> there was the buildup of tensions, of fear. and eventually, it exploded.
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>> fire! >> sam! no! oh, please! somebody, help! somebody, help! [ crying ] please, somebody. please help. >> remember every detail of this misery. every detail! >> we will all regret this day.
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>> just days after christopher seider is buried, five more american colonists join him as martyrs in the struggle for freedom. what starts as a protest against military occupation escalates into a bloody reminder of the disregard the british have for american lives and american liberty. the boston massacre finds a lasting place in american history not just as a horrible tragedy but as a call for true patriots to stand up and fight for the unalienable rights we hold so dear today -- life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
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breaking tonight. the countdown is on. less than 48 hours to the final state primaries in this historic unprecedented and unpredictable presidential election season. hello and welcome to "justice." special sunday edition. i'm judge jeanine pirro. thanks for being with us tonight. so 475 pledged delegates up for grabs for the democrats tuesday in the golden state of california as the battle between hillary clinton and bernie sanders reaches its climax. but will anything really be settled by tuesday? this as donald trump continues to dominate t

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