tv Legends Lies The Patriots FOX News June 19, 2016 5:00pm-6:01pm PDT
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this year and the reasons, the reason they're spooked is they're wondering they picked the one candidate who cannot beat her. >> moving on, that's going to do it for fox report this sunday, happy father's day, the gentlemen at the table at to my own. thanks for watching. news is the first draft of history. it is immediate and takes place in real time. legends take longer to develop, that are sometimes biassed on myth. this fox news series looks at the truth behind the legend. previously on "legends and lies," the patriots. >> we establish the association. the purpose of resisting this attacks. >> we won't sit by. >> our liberty, boys.
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>> what's up that road? >> only about 500 of the best men in the colony. we know you're after hancock and adams and the cannon they conquered. >> he's a damn spy, sir. >> speak the truth, or i'll blow your brains out. [ gunshot ] >> ♪ my country, 'tis of thee ♪ sweet land of liberty ♪ land where my fathers died ♪ land of the pilgrims' pride ♪ from every mountainside
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♪ let freedom ring >> pushed to their limits by an oppressive empire, a determined group of rebels unites under the cause of liberty. their quest for freedom will unify a people, ignite a revolution and forge a new system of government. in time, these brave men and women will come to be known as the american patriots. john adams -- boston's most influential founding father, a firebrand, an outspoken voice for human rights and the rule of law.
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but behind every voice stands a man. and behind every legend lies the truth. >> there is a misconception that the patriots from boston are a brotherhood of freedom fighters operating in lock step. two of our founding fathers, sam and john adams, actual members of the same family, find themselves at odds over the growing revolution. while sam keeps the fervor of the rebellion boiling in the streets, john adams isn't sure that defying the king, an act of treason punishable by death, is a good idea. even after the boston massacre, john adams needs more convincing before committing to revolution. >> damn you, you coward! >> somebody help! help! >> help me with this man. >> good god. he'll start another riot with this. >> the boston massacre becomes a huge propaganda effort for samuel adams and the sons of liberty.
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you've got an immediately famous engraving by paul revere. it is one of the most inaccurate pieces of propaganda ever produced by an american press. almost nothing in it is correct. >> this is treason! >> this is an early instance in the colonies of the power of what we now call media to shape public opinion. >> you bloody liar! >> well, sam, will it do? >> some of your finest work, i'd say. >> samuel, you've replaced the customs house with "butcher's hall." what else have you changed? >> look around you, cousin. the people demand justice. >> by the actions of an angry mob, samuel, justice that is not. >> those bastards killed five of our own. when are you gonna get down off the fence and join the cause of your brethren? >> john adams and samuel adams were not necessarily close. sam adams was a failed tax collector with a long history of debt. >> john adams was a very principled man. he agreed in general with people like samuel adams. but on the other hand, he was one who thought
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that things could get out of control. >> the rift between the adams cousins is only made worse when john takes the case to defend the soldiers involved with the boston massacre. >> what is the matter, john? >> representing the king's men in these times could put us all in grave danger. >> you promised captain preston and those men you'd take their case. there is no one in this colony or any other more suited to preserve justice than you, john. either you believe in the principles you say you do, or you do not. which is it? >> those men deserve a defense. and we must show the world that boston is capable of giving them a fair trial. >> he believes every man in a free country deserves a fair trial. but ambition does play a part in this. there's no bigger case. that cocktail of principle and ambition wins out, and he
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signs on as their attorney. >> in boston, anti-british sentiment is everywhere. [ people shouting ] the defendants, captain thomas preston and eight troops, face hanging if found guilty. >> you may proceed, sir. >> to get to the truth behind the shooting, adams must uncover who gave the order to shoot and whether it was justified. >> i am for the prisoners at the bar... >> traitor! >> ...and for uncovering the truth of this tragedy. this tragedy was not brought on by these soldiers, but by the actions of a hostile and unruly mob! >> he develops a defense that is based on the fact that this was a mob that was created, and a situation of escalating violence was building.
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>> the part i took in defense of captain preston and the soldiers was the most exhausting and fatiguing cause i ever tried for hazarding my popularity and for incurring suspicions and prejudices which will never be forgotten as long as the history of this period is read. >> colonist richard palmes is a key eyewitness whose testimony could turn the case for adams. of the 22 witnesses at the boston massacre trial, palmes' location, just feet from the gunfire, puts him in the best position to say whether the order to fire comes from captain preston. >> mr. palmes. >> sir. >> describe for the court, if you will, how you came upon the scene in question. >> someone said that there was a rumpus down on king street. so, of course, i went down there to see captain preston ahead of seven or eight soldiers at the customs house with fixed bayonets. >> get off king street!
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>> captain! are your soldiers' weapons loaded? >> with powder and balls, sir. >> as soon as he spoke, i saw something resembling ice or snow hit private montgomery on his right. private montgomery stepped 1 foot back and then fired his gun. but i had my hand on captain preston's shoulder after the shot was fired. and then, i heard the word, "fire." [ people shouting ] >> and from whose mouth did the word, "fire," emanate? >> i-i heard the word, "fire," but who gave it, i knew not. [ people shouting ] >> fire!
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>> with his cousin mounting a strong defense, sam adams sees his efforts to provoke an uprising slipping through his fingers. >> john adams' ace-in-the-hole trial, which his cousin doesn't him to use, is a deathbed confession from patrick carr. >> doctor, good morning. when had you your last conversation with patrick carr? >> about 4 o'clock in the afternoon preceding the night on which he died. >> and what was it he said? >> he said he fired. >> yes, but why did the soldier fire? >> he fired... ...to defend himself. >> to defend himself!
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to defend himself. the defense rests, your honor. >> by today's standards, dr. jeffrey's testimony recounting a dying man's last words would be considered inadmissible, hearsay. but puritanical thinking gives john adams an advantage. at the time, deathbed testimony is considered irrefutable since it is believed that no one would dare lie so close to facing god's final judgment. >> hugh montgomery, matthew kilroy, you are found guilty of manslaughter. and for your crimes, are hereby sentenced to be branded. captain thomas preston, as for you and the rest of your men... you are all found...
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not guilty. [ people shouting ] >> just let these men off? >> far from ruining his career, his defense of the soldiers solidifies john adams as the most gifted legal mind in boston, perhaps all the colonies. but to put that brilliant mind to use, sam adams and his sons of liberty must first convince him to join them in open rebellion. >> fire! >> because, when their struggle turns to war, they will need john adams to persuade a people to defy their king and to define the ideals of freedom and liberty upon which america will be built. >> i believe we have certain rights. and i am not prepared to cede these rights to any man, no matter how noble his title. it's more than a network.
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resistance for a time. but it's a fragile peace that hangs over the city. have you seen this? my dear cousin still calls it the boston massacre even after the acquittals. >> it will only take the slightest infringement to cause that spark to flare up again, and, of course, it is the tea act, which demands that all the colonies purchase one kind of tea from one monopolistic vendor. and that then brings these passions that were latent back to the surface, and there will be no letup from them until it explodes in revolution. >> when sam adams and the sons of liberty hear that royal tea is in their port, they send a message to the king with a call to action. >> ♪ rally the mohawks, bring out your axes ♪
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♪ and tell king george we'll pay no taxes on his foreign tea ♪ ♪ his threats are vain and vain to think ♪ ♪ to force our girls and women to drink his vile bohea ♪ ♪ t on ♪ ♪ to meet our chiefs at the green dragon ♪ >> friends, brethren, the dartmouth and two other ships sit in anchor at our harbor. the cargo on those ships must not be unloaded. the moment it reaches those docks, we pay a tax. and we will not be paying a tax on british tea, not on our watch. will we, boys?
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>> no! >> to the harbor. [ all cheer ] let's go, boys! >> with the british troops still on high alert, the sons of liberty disguise themselves masquerading as mohawk indians. but even in an open act of rebellion, they're careful to show restraint. >> come on, men. >> we're gonna turn boston harbor into a tea box. >> in contrast to earlier acts of the sons of liberty, there's a certain, yes, theatricality to this, but a certain order and a certain calmness where there is deliberate action and a sense of control. ♪ then rally, boys, and hasten on ♪ ♪ to meet our chiefs at the
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green dragon ♪ >> the tea party is a brazen act of defiance, but not just against the tea tax. compounding the issue is a government bailout of the east india company, a british importer considered too big to fail. the sons of liberty are strongly opposed to the bailout and to the monopoly it creates. but contrary to legend, the tea party is not violent. no one is hurt during the event, and the one lock they break is replaced. the only lasting harm is the loss of the tea, about $2 million worth in today's money. >> for the british, this was vandalism of the worst sort. and it was something that the british government could not simply abide. >> they pass very quickly a number of acts that would come to be known in the colonies
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as the coercive acts, the worst of which are the complete and total blockade of boston. boston is essentially not only cut of from its economy, but it's cut off from the other colonies. >> the british declare marblehead the new point of entry and salem the new capital. boston is powerless, and the threat of starvation is real. martial law now rules the city. >> john. >> the redcoats are on the offensive, provoking those suspected of treason and anyone they might find guilty, even if only by association. >> where are we off to then? >> gentlemen, if you will excuse us, we have an engagement. >> wait, no! no, no! no, please! let me go! >> you may have been captain preston's true friend here in boston, but you're no
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friend of general gage nor any other man in his majesty's army. >> abigail. are you hurt? >> no. >> there was quite a bit of escalating intimidation on a daily basis from the british soldiers. so, john adams starts to become more radicalized as he sees that begin to impinge on everybody's personal liberty. >> have you heard the news from rhode island? a band of rebels seized a british merchant vessel and burned it to the waterline. >> what you call rebels, sir, are merely free men whose livelihoods have been endangered by england's policies. this act will destroy our entire economy, reduce us to living off the land. the authority to do that to an entire race of people without the basic right to a dissenting voice is little more
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than tyranny, sir. there is no more justice left in britain than there is in hell! this is what we americans think of your tea act. >> after years of resisting the urge to rebel, john adams wholeheartedly joins the fight for independence. the revolution now has its spokesman. >> he becomes radicalized in his own quiet way and will emerge as the largest and certainly the loudest voice for independence. [ people cheering ] >> where john has been a paper patriot, limiting his resistance to speeches and writings, sam has been openly defiant. in his relentless pursuit to unify the americans, he organizes the first meeting of the colonies. >> the continental congress is a colonywide meeting
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to discuss grievances. again, sam adams is at the heart of this. >> to philadelphia. >> philadelphia is agreed on as a place because it's roughly in the middle of the northern colonies and the southern colonies for everybody to have that conclave. >> it is a fundamental, inherent, unalienable right of the people that they should have some check or influence or control in their supreme legislature. if the right of taxation is conceded to parliament, the americans will have no check or influence at all. >> the americans had gotten used to the idea of their colonial assemblies, their legislature. your taxes ought to be imposed by those people who represent you. there were still those folks who were attached to the old establishment. but there was also this new element that said, "no. we're gonna govern ourselves." >> the naming of the continental congress by samuel adams is no accident.
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it's a strategic decision. by identifying congress only by the region it governs, the body is beholden only to its citizens. the name draws a distinct separation from the british empire and sets our founding fathers down the treasonous path they must take to achieve their freedom. tired of re-dosing antacids? try duo fusion! new, two in one heartburn relief. the antacid goes to work in seconds... and the acid reducer lasts up to 12 hours in one chewable tablet. try new duo fusion. from the makers of zantac. experience the thrill of the lexus is f sport. because the ultimate expression of power, is control. this is the pursuit of perfection.
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>> the british empire's strategy to intimidate the resistance has backfired. sanctions intended to block the food supply and restrict boston's political power have only strengthened the resolve of the rebels. with john adams at his side, samuel adams is attempting the unthinkable -- a unified act of defiance even in the face of domestic opposition. >> this country is full of tories hostile to our cause, sam. >> you need not worry, john. we're only exercising our rights to meet with our fellow free englishmen. >> [ chuckles ] if only the crown regarded us as anything other than second-class citizens and potential traitors. >> some writers at the time refer to the british blockade of boston as an act of war. still, not every congressman is ready for revolution. many are wary of the radical adams cousins. some even considered them traitors. fear of britain's overwhelming military force is also
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preventing many delegates from even considering independence. >> they think us massachusetts men to be firebrands and rabble-rousers bent on separation from england. we must not further this impression. >> what would you have us do? sit on our hands and bite our tongues? >> yes. but not you, john. >> not me? why so? >> you of all of us are a man of principle, of reason. you were willing to represent the british soldiers at trial. you are perfectly poised to persuade when the time is right. >> during the 2-week trip to philadelphia, john and samuel work to refine their strategy, while others from the north and south journey even farther, carrying with them their own agendas. georgia refuses the invitation, which raises questions about the loyalty of the southern colonies. >> it's the massachusetts boys
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here to tell us what to do. >> [ clears throat ] gentleman, allow me to introduce myself. i am colonel george washington of virginia. uh, please, sit. >> thank you, colonel, for your hospitality. >> please know that the feelings of those two are hardly the majority. innkeeper, some drinks here for our friends. >> to john and sam's surprise, the massachusetts delegation is greeted in philadelphia by some admiring virginians led by george washington, who provides some much-needed encouragement. >> if the british dare to unleash their troops on the fair people of boston, i would raise 1,000 men at my own expense and lead them to your aid. if they can treat massachusetts so unjustly, they can do so to any of us. >> george washington was the only one of the american colonials who had substantial successful
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military experience, who showed a natural talent for military leadership. >> it takes men like george washington to show the parliament that "you can't just push one of us around. we're all gonna stand up against you." but that never would've happened without sam adams pushing for the split with the parliament and the king. >> hear, hear. >> hear, hear. >> while the meeting with george washington gives john and sam hope that congress will unify quickly, once in session, it's not long before the battle lines are drawn. >> they're still affirming ultimate loyalty to great britain. so, it's still this balancing act. simply the act of meeting, they recognize the treasonous implications. >> under our plan, we remain part of england. >> samuel adams' strategy, to remain silent, allows another voice for independence to rise sharply from virginia, patrick henry.
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>> what will prevent this royal president from imposing the will of the tyrant who appointed him? >> mr. henry, do you truly want to go to war with the british empire? >> this assembly is like no other that ever existed. every man in it is a great man -- an orator, a critic, a statesman. and therefore, every man, upon every question, must show it. the business of this congress is tedious beyond expression. >> john, for god's sake, make your voice heard. >> mr. president? [ gavel bangs ] gentleman, let us look to quebec, to the north, with their assembly appointed by the king. is that not the type of representation we should come to expect
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under such an arrangement? or shall we live as those british subjects do in ireland, slaves to the crown, subsisting on potatoes and water? no. i believe we have certain rights -- life, liberty, property foremost among them. and i am not prepared to cede these rights to any man no matter how noble his title. >> hear, hear. e*trade is all about seizing opportunity. and i'd like to... cut. thank you, we'll call you. evening, film noir, smoke, atmosphere... bob... you're a young farmhand and e*trade is your cow. milk it. e*trade is all about seizing opportunity.
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>> the sons of liberty and a crowd of bostonians gather at the old south meeting house to commemorate the fifth anniversary of the boston massacre. [ all shouting ] >> joseph warren was one of the best-known physicians in massachusetts. not only the well-to-do, but he also tended to the prostitutes of boston and some of the more indigent population, which put him in a very good position to pick up intelligence from a variety of quarters. and that made him very useful to samuel adams and the sons of liberty. >> our wish is that britain and the colonies may grow in strength together. [ all cheer ]
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>> but while one part of the empire makes slaves of the other, the measures taken by our congress must be steadily pursued. [ all cheer ] >> five men are gunned down by the british at the boston massacre, something sam adams refuses to let people forget. >> my friends, we are gathered here tonight to remember and commemorate our dead brethren. >> have you got your parts correct? >> i fling this here egg. >> our dead brethren, who were cruelly and villainously massacred! >> you're a traitor. [ all shouting ]
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>> when the ruckus starts, we lay into 'em with bayonets. >> there are legitimate threats against the lives of those who had worked towards american liberty. adams and hancock recognized it's no longer safe for them to be in boston, and so they flee. >> general gage decides that he should go and seize the largest war stores he knows about in concord, west of boston. paul revere receives a lot of intel that the british are going to go on a march. >> but what of samuel adams and hancock? >> bring me adams and hancock alive, major. >> ready the boat.
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>> while the british army begins an overnight march toward concord, paul revere slips out of boston to warn sam adams and john hancock of the danger and raise the local militias. >> paul revere is summoned by dr. joseph warren. he's given his message to alert hancock and adams in lexington that the british are definitely going to be marching that night. and then revere has to sneak out of the city, where he gets a horse and then rides to lexington. >> how many are there? >> nearly 1,000 regulars and marines just hours away. >> they aim to start a war. >> they mean to put our heads in nooses.
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ride to concord. if our militia has any chance of meeting this invasion, we've not a moment to lose. >> the regulars are coming out! the regulars are coming out! >> what'd you say? >> grab your musket if you be a patriot, man! the regulars are on the march. the regulars are coming out! the regulars are coming out! >> despite the popular poem by longfellow, paul revere is not alone on his midnight ride. joseph warren enlists militiaman patrick dawes and three others to join revere with orders to commission more riders along the way. the decision ensures the message gets out. while the warning does make it all the way to concord, near lexington, paul revere's journey takes an unexpected, and often untold, turn. >> halt, damn you, or you're dead!
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>> take him to major mitchell. >> be not afraid, mr. revere. speak the truth of your mission tonight, and you'll not be harmed. >> it's you who should be afraid, major. >> [ chuckles ] what's waiting for us up ahead? >> we know you're after hancock and adams and the cannon at concord >> what's up that road? speak the truth or i'll blow your brains out. [ gunshot ] >> [ screams ] >> the only answer now is to declare our independence! >> america is at war, dr. franklin. welcome home. >> for more revealing stories on these and other patriots featured in "legends and lies,"
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>> it's the bloody americans! >> to horse! leave him. he's done riding this evening. >> it's somewhat hard to believe, but paul revere's near-miss is a result of a simple common courtesy. in colonial times, proper etiquette dictates that loaded weapons are not allowed in taverns. so, when a group of lexington minutemen fire their muskets outside buckman tavern, paul revere and his famous warning are saved. >> the local militia is alerted. the redcoats march through the night towards lexington. but standing in their way is captain john parker and his militia.
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>> hold to. stand firm. >> throw down your arms and disperse, and you and your men will be spared. >> stand your ground, men. >> "disperse," i say! >> stand your ground, men. >> disperse i say! >> do not fire. keep your entrants around them. >> the british regulars are looking at each other across this small space. both sides at that moment knew this was m officially spiraling out of control. >> to the front. >> standby, standby, hold your ground! >> cease-fire!
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>> the shot heard 'round the world remains a mystery. one theory is that a nervous the shots heard around the world remains a mystery. one theory is that a british officer accidentally fires setting off the battle. some believe the officer is major edward mitchell, the same man who interrogates paul revere in the 1940s. whoever fires the shot at that moment, the fate of north america and the entire world changes forever. >> cease-fire! pull back! >> when the shooting starts at
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lexington, sam adams has already slipped out of town. but they can still hear the sounds of battle. >> the sacrifice that will be made -- many families will suffer. it's a grand day for our country. >> news of the conflict shakes the countryside as riders carry word far and wide. all over new england men and boys grab their muskets and set out to join the fight. >> you must leave soon, john. >> congress convenes in philadelphia in just two short weeks. and there's much to be done. >> who is coming? >> the british are marching to concord. i have to see for myself! >> when john adams reaches lexington, the british have been turned away from concord empty-handed. malitiamen foreign from the countryside attacking the red
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coats as they retreat to boston burning colonial homes along the way. >> the british are marching back to boston through the same route they came that day. the americans are circling the hills to get ahead of the british. it's a bloody battle all the way to boston. >> i rode from cambridge along the road to lexington and inquired the inhabitants of their circumstance. these did not diminish my honor for the cause. indeed, they only succeeded in convincing me that the die was tasked and that great britain had shifted the instruments of warfare from the pen to the sword. >> the american army is a provisional alliance of regional malitias. and as the british rally toward bunker hill, it's up to the
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second continental congress to unify the force under a leader all the delegates can agree upon. >> the second continental congress is facing a totally different strategic situation. do we try to transform this army around boston into something more than just a malitia ravel? >> the chair recognizes john adams of massachusetts. >> gentlemen, as we convene here in philadelphia, thousands of the loosely affiliated common peers have surrounded the british army at boston. >> mr. president, i hereby propose that this congress adopt this army and appoint as its commanded. colonel george washington of virginia.
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[ applause ] >> it's during the second c continental congress that we know that all come together to fight a common enemy in the name of liberty. in nominating george washington, john adams identifies in one man the courage, sacrifice and resilience that will define america's identity. but the unanimous election of the commander in chief is a short-lived agreement. before george washington can even take control of this army, a devastating battle is already underway at bunker hill. >> next week on "legends and lies" -- >> while you were busy cohorting
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in london, we have been dragging these colonies towards liberty. >> you asked what i need, i need -- or this war will be over before it even begins. hi, i'm eric bolling in for bill o'reilly. thanks for watching this special edition of the factor, "the war on terror, the political equation." let's get right to our top story. the war of words over who is to blame for the orlando terror attack, senator john mccain ratcheted up the fight between republicans and democrats while speaking to reporters on thursday. >> barack obama is directly responsible for because when he pulled everybody out of iraq, al
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