dear viewers, welcome to the economics table. today's economics table is about the mandatory pricing of the basic commodities of dairy, chicken and eggs. of course , our opportunity on channel one ended. follow the economic desk on the news network. you are the viewer of the economy desk. the leader of the revolution recently emphasized real competition as one of the pillars of the elections. in explaining the real competition, he said that the field should be open for the presence of various political, economic and cultural tendencies in the big election race so that all views and viewpoints are active in this field. one of the topics about which different views have been formed the issue of command pricing.

it is in the field of basic goods. the parliament has also addressed this issue in different periods. in today's economy table, with the presence of muafghan , we will examine the opponents of mandatory pricing of dairy products, chicken and eggs. but first a report. there are different views on the rate of dairy products, chicken and eggs. some of sasandarkaran are against fixed pricing, or as some say, mandatory pricing. hamid. the central union of mehen poultry farmers says: the economy cannot be managed by order, because both the producer and the consumer suffer. another person who disagrees pricing is mandated, mr. asadullah nejad is an economic expert, because he says, it is not possible to maintain mandated prices. mr. ebrahimi , the ceo of the meat marketers' union, also says: the mandated price destroys the competition between producers. broadly, on the other side, there are people

who say that basic items should have fixed prices. one of these people is mr. muftah, the former deputy official of the ministry of transport, who says: if the pricing is mandated within the framework, it can reach the goal. alireza peyman pak, deputy minister of agricultural jihad, also says that if liberalization has a price however, price jumps cannot be controlled. another opinion who is in favor of this type of pricing in basic goods is mr. shirzad, the managing director of the animal husbandry support company, who believes that if the pricing is not mandated, the lower income deciles will not be able to purchase basic items. first , i would like to introduce the guests of the program mr. hassan hassan khani, economic expert and mr. ehsan saqaei, vice president of economics and planning. first of all

, let us be at your service. may god strengthen the fixed pricing in the field of dairy products, chicken and eggs dear sir, i am at your service, dear colleagues, dear viewers , so what is your answer to this question, in fact , should there be mandatory pricing in these areas? it is always considered, but for this issue, different strategies for pricing discussions are always considered in different countries of the world, mandatory pricing strategy , or now with other names, approved and fixed pricing, which was previously, is actually not a common type of strategy in the world. and a kind of price strategy reporter it is not a choice, it is opposed

to the fact that in times when countries are weakened economically, their economy and people's purchasing power decreases, and they cannot meet the basic needs of the table and their livelihood, the governments because the prices are higher than they actually are the inflation that exists in the society should not increase the prices of some of the basic works and the basic items that i mentioned are part of the people's table . they give and it works. in economics, this works, as a rule so far, we have seen in these several years that it has not worked , and as you have mentioned, this prescriptive pricing has a history of several decades. our country, in

the last decade or two, started with 50 items , it decreased to 20 items, and now it has reduced to 45 basic items and the basic needs of people's table , but still, because of the competitive conditions of the market secondly, it is not actually based on any kind of competition, no quality is considered for this pricing and market demand is not considered at all, and most importantly for us, the title of asalaf is that the profit of the various supply chains of the supply chain of the goods in question.

it is also common in the world, one of the common pricing strategies in the world is that the total price plus the shipping cost, which is actually added from the factory door to the trade unit, whether it is a wholesaler or a retailer, should be calculated. do not open another order. no, look at this. well, look at the economy of our country. basically, it is not a free market economy. some counting places should be free. well, it's boring. this is not just a circle. if you want your economy to be a free market economy, so is our relationship there should be free communication with the world and these sanctions that are there now should be completely removed . different companies of the world should be directly present here. well, now the reality of the society is that

there is no such thing now, so you have to settle the issue with what is there now. let's solve it, but please tell me that even in the current situation, command pricing is not the answer, nor is pricing. in fact , the market regulation headquarters has specified for them a price for wholesalers, which is actually after the finished price of the goods plus costs, for wholesalers between 3 and 7% profit and for retailers, depending on it. and he actually works in the field between 7 and 35 percent. in fact, they can add profit to this work, and in the end, by using the inspection systems or inspection of the inspectors of the support organization, in fact, these prices are controlled so that they do not exceed that limit, although the prices are not prices that are actually particularly high. on the topic of chicken

and this, now i will ask you in the next part of the program, what are the reasons that the prices that have been specified are not sold at the same prices? yes, mr. hassankhani, please be at your service. until chat , do you agree or disagree with the words of mr saqaei in the name of allah, the most gracious, the most merciful, i also say hello to you, your esteemed guests, as well as the dear viewers and audience of your program, mr. azaribqa, i request that, if you see fit, make the position of our discussion a little clearer, see the issue of this question that you asked at the beginning of the discussion . versus order pricing. is it actually a supply and demand mechanism or rather a bargaining mechanism that mr. saqai says should be activated ? now i want to explain a little more . in which country do you go to the supermarket when you go shopping , do you use the bargaining mechanism?

for example, today you are going to a country in the world where in the morning i want to go and buy a kilo of chicken meat or a kilo of eggs . either we agree or i say no, i won't buy from you, we couldn't agree, bargaining didn't work out , i'll go somewhere else, in which country does this situation exist. let's find the conditions and we can't accept such a position at all, exchange cost for people, it goes so high in the bargaining mechanism , or in other words, the supply and demand mechanism, that it is basically nothing. except for very limited cases , today, for example, you want to take a trip to a city like karaje near shahr or you want to take a taxi, sir, how much will you go today, he says 50 tomans, you say 60 tomans with an agreement, but when for the basic goods of the people for the daily life of the people, for the bread of the people

, for the chicken of the people, which cannot be priced using the bargaining mechanism. do you see supply and demand without mandatory pricing, or the pricing or prices are mandatory in all countries, or the mechanism and formula for determining the price is mandatory, that is, you have checked. i don't really agree with this talk because you can see that i said at the beginning of my talk that there are different strategies for price discussion. in other countries, unlike now in our country, the government

does not enter into the discussion of pricing, and these companies are what country is meant by . like european countries, when you assume, for example, that the toyota brand has a price there , it offers its product, first of all, it considers its market to see how much traction and power the country in which it is selling the product has, it is a basic product, not that i am talking about pricing. i am saying that there are companies that determine the price based on the market segmentation that they define for themselves, and this is not the case . i have never seen anything like that when someone goes there to negotiate . we have it or we don't have it , what is the job of the union, what is the duty of the union to agree with the government when it comes to price, this mechanism of price negotiation is not in use. you can see that the opposite point of pricing

is the pricing based on bargaining, from the class at all to the class at all. look at the price discussion. one thing that has been wrongly presented in the society is that it is expensive and expensive. selling and in fact we do not distinguish between each other. the price is a debate that is actually applied to the price of the finished product or the sale of the violation that the trade union is actually doing now , often especially in recent years because of the price on the product that is in in fact, we are not faced with high prices for these products if they become expensive, see that 80% of our imports are raw materials, intermediate goods or basic goods, and when these are imported. they talk about the production part and the production ring is called the body shape. well, basically , due to the increase in the price of the dollar, the price has gone up, and this

finished price is high with a certain percentage of profit . at all, we are talking about the prices. it is a support organization that determines the prices. it is not good. there are 2 issues. one is that the logic of the command pricing is under question and

we should go to the bargaining mechanism or not . i mentioned that the pricing strategy is not part of the common pricing strategies in the world. in fact, it is called price control. where in the world do you see your price to go and say, sir, you have to give this milk so much, there is no such thing at all , there is nothing at all, sir, you look at it based on for example, different stores in different countries have different prices . if you want to buy from one store, you can buy the same brand with the same quality and go to another store. it is a profit margin that is actually considered by the company, not that company. you can see that company, yes, freely, completely freely, no, see the profit margin, if that company can't

make a profit, it has to collect , this is not the problem, what is the problem at all? we give an example because there is also a very strong agricultural economy in the world . big companies are famous in the world because of their orders. they are engaged in production in america. there are all kinds of politics. supporters of the agricultural sector have been talking for a long time, at least in the last 100 years . it's not like the controllers say, well , i actually support you as a farmer

, i support the producer, but go ahead and do whatever you want in the market at whatever price you agreed upon. you actually want to ask this question today. why, for example, 900 grams of milk is not produced. now i want to say this. a country that is providing support for its own judicial security cannot set prices with a bargaining mechanism. the logic of mandated pricing cannot be questioned . we are in contact with mr. seyed ahmad moghdisi , president of the iranian cattlemen's association, hello, mr. moghdisi, i would also like to greet you , mr. azeri, and also the guests of the program. and the viewers of the program are at your service, while i ask you to raise the voice of mr. moghdisi, mr. moghdisi, what do you think about the type pricing? you see, mandated pricing has not worked anywhere in the world, even socialist countries like russia and china have actually abandoned the work, but unfortunately here

, jamsuri pricing has been going on for several decades, and this big blow is ultimately inflicted on the producer and consumer. i disagree with the fact that the government gives preferential treatment to the importation of entities such as barley, sorghum, and soybeans. it allows itself to impose pricing on baby milk. we do not want this preferred width show the difference in fact, the consumer is actually the consumer, not with us, we have to pay subsidies to 85 million people, a mistake, we have to pay a vulnerable government. the establishment of this institution to pay subsidies allows it to set prices for our products, and the interesting thing is that the government cannot

establish this . 1,000 tomans are actually being sold with 1,600 tomans of soybeans right now 20,900 tomans for import , 19,000 tomans for production, mr. government, you are saying that you have to pay the price of something , 15 tomans myself, you must be obliged, which is actually the institution for which you set the price of babies , so if you can't provide it, you couldn't provide it for more than 3 months , we left the rest this year. we bought in the open market and now they have raised the prices, but they asked us to promise that we would actually sell our raw milk at a reasonable price of 15,000 tomans in order to allow the soy price to rise and to cover the lack of soy . you say that the price your product has been proven to be the same as milk, but the price of the raw materials for its production it has been changed and this has caused it to suffer losses, correct. well, mr. hassan

khani, please explain in this case. see, this order of your dear guest is correct and completely produced. especially the production that is based on a living organism such as chicken or livestock, this is the notification of order . his order is to buy soybeans at the approved rate of 16 thousand tomans and then apply pricing on our chains, we cannot. approved feed price let's decide, but don't have an obligation to supply this food on time. for example, let's say that mr. so-and-so, mr. morgdar, your corn meal is worth 11 thousand tomans, but now it is not available. wait for a while and fast until it arrives. the producer will have to leave

the free market of the middlemen, those who are profiteers , and it is impossible to say that we deal with the middleman. he dealt with the middleman. the middleman is an inefficient product in the management. no matter how much you deal with the middleman, if a good margin is formed, the reason for the lack of control, lack of proper policy , and lack of efficiency can be found in the middleman's explanation, which you said is negative , it is not mandatory pricing. look at the price, let's assume that we have removed mandatory pricing. is it negative or not, but my answer to this is definitely not negative. i have a point. as i said , do not question the pricing of the order below. i said that the producer's problem should be solved through order in policy-making, that is, if you, the nation, set the price at 11,300 tomans, the loss of your livestock should be borne by the government and the nation. if you do it right on time , the chicken can't even wait a day he can't wait even a day to see if the corn reaches him at the right price. someone who

laid 100,000 chickens should get the feed on time and be able to supply it. we said, "sir, it is a place for bargaining . friends, put aside the directive pricing . it is to take our price." let's assume that we adjusted the price, basically we said, sir , there is no approved price for corn, nor for the chicken meat that you want to supply to the market as a producer or distributor. if we do this, it seems all their problems will be solved, what will happen , first of all, a black market will be formed for animal feed, that is, when you say that when the price goes up, whoever has more power will raise the price.

you transfer an amount to the consumer in the form of a cash payment, but you do not guarantee that the price of the product will be the price of the basic product that reaches the consumer. will this cash amount of yours compensate him or not ? saqai, i am grateful for your presence, which means that the prices are higher than

when i place an order as a quantity , as someone who needs so much flour. i order that the government allocates the supply . why does it not supply on time? why is it another matter ? if the goods enter the country in abundance , the dealer's hands will be shortened and your supervision will go to the primary circles, because we have the same issue with the smuggling of other things. sir take the supervision of the primary projects, look at the imports now , don't we have a trade society system, all the links of the trade society system should be monitored

, if it is possible, then why doesn't it go further, what mr. hassan khani said, i said, you should look. surveillance is good, surveillance is everywhere, surveillance is all the rings, we are now discussing the ring , the explanation of the supervision of the inspector, our own inspector, the supervision answers that, for example, you, the inspector, should go, this exchange rate was almost 350 in that year

, and today the price of pars motorcycle is more than 320 million tomans. for example, it didn't happen, so what is the logic of this price of 320 million today, for someone who wants to buy a motorcycle, if we leave this logic for food, for example, for people, for chicken, for meat, for anything, to market b in germany, the price form laying dairy products, chicken and eggs how are you, mr. shajaei ? hello, we are at your service. hello, mr. azeri waqa . please, before i answer your question about germany, allow me to explain everything. the countries of the european union have been classified according to the level of government involvement in pricing , of course, due to the circumstances that

have arisen, some comments may have been made and changes may have been made, and they are generally one category of countries. that the government wants producers to aggressively reach a quorum and set a price ceiling in this category for example, austria, france, portugal, spain and norway are located, of course, with the explanation that due to the conditions that have arisen and inflation has gone up, france in the fall of 2023, for example, is one of the big producers. he wanted them to set a fixed price for 5,000 items. there are a number of other countries where the presence of government intervention in the pricing of goods, especially necessities and food, is more. among the european union countries, germany is the only country where the price mechanism is completely determined based on supply and demand and the market. but this

should be considered in terms of two important factors it has been said that this process will continue until the whole economy of consumers is not harmed. if the government feels that there is a harm to the economy, it intervenes . as you know, 55% of germany's gas comes from russia , an abundant and cheap gas that industries and people have adjusted themselves to since it was cut off. the gas supplier set a strict price, which means that we are the difference in the form of subsidies, he gave them to the people at a cheaper price. there is another thing that happened recently regarding industrial electricity. in germany, the price of industrial electricity is at its highest level in

the european union and compared to 7. the industrialized country of the world is going to reduce this from 2.5 hundred cents per kilowatt to 5 hundred cents, of course, in next year's budget, so i want to say that the government will come in when you feel that there is a bottleneck and a crisis, another case. it should also be considered and that is that although the price is determined by the free market and supply and demand the price is not free. it is not , that is, if it means that it is not the only factor, for example, imagine about the same dairy products that you mentioned, if the value added tax on all goods and services in germany is 19%, for these dairy products, eggs, or some foods, or for newspapers and books. also, for example , the price of packaging in dairy products

is not added to the price of the final product. and the companies are not obliged to actually charge the price of the packaging from the customer, which means these things also happen . again, they are at a low economic level, and the government helps them now, whether it's housing , social assistance, or those who lose their jobs or those who are unable to work. yes, yes , thank you very much, mr. shujaei mr. saqai , have you heard the explanations of my colleague mr. shajaei, that is, they say that there is no place where this government does not interfere, in some way, now in this price process, there is a series of supports, or in the form of copper production ring, it usually interferes, and in fact, with now, tools such as tariffs or taxes on goods are actually materials primary or import controls this, but

the explanation is the same on the ring. let's also point out, for example, only on products like milk , it reduces the tax or zero, but they say that the price should not increase beyond a certain level, because of this, because they are basic items, but in general, if you want to calculate this , this is maybe 2% of shape the goods 3. more than 90% of the goods are really based on a competitive competitive market in our country. now, let me make a note . this year, in the framework of reviewing the details of the 7th plan, it is for the purpose of employment development and economic growth through private sector and cooperative investment has caused government pricing , except for basic subsidized goods and exclusive and public goods and services, to be prohibited at all. now in our country, it is not as if we can say that it is very widespread. roy