in a way, these issues have been forgotten since the second half of the 19th century. i think these issues are very important because they profoundly changed the shape of the palestinian society, for example, from the middle of the 19th century in jaffa, today's schools exist, and some of those schools were ottoman schools. and some foreign schools estimate that at the beginning of the 20th century, only the palestinian population was literate. these people are generally religious scholars and intellectuals. in 1948, more than 50% of palestinian children were literate. this statistic was extraordinary in the world. not that it is great only in the arab world. education at that time in palestine was in several forms. the 1920s were a series of public schools. a series

of arabic schools and a series of international foreign schools such as the german school and the russian school, so we see that at that time there were many schools in palestine, palestine was distinguished by having excellent professors and teachers, they were distinguished in the arab world and even in the whole world. it was known that there were different schools in palestinian villages. this is a very important point, i am not saying that we had the best educational system in the whole arab world, but we were definitely one of the best in 1921. quds was elected, one of

his main work priorities as the head of the supreme council of muslims was to gather all the muslim orphans in one place and build an orphanage for their accommodation and education. it was a technical school that taught all kinds of professions to students, professions such as agriculture, carpentry, and even binding and printing. in this school , there was an excellent printing house. in 1930, the arab world witnessed an extraordinary event, a scout group and an orchestra group were formed in palestine. this group was not just a simple music group, but a real orchestra group in every sense. it was young and old students

playing instruments and playing together. palestinian society showed all the necessary signs to face the 20th century. but the promise of the british was always lurking under the skin of this society. britain's promise to the zionist movement was to support the formation of a land for the jews. after some time, this promise not only threatened the development of palestine, but also a threat to the existence. the situation in palestine was very different compared to now. palestine was under the control of the british protectorate. there are those who say that palestine was just a wasteland. but actually cities like quds have a commercial sector of transportation and life networks. a living culture.

arab intellectuals, writers and artists were gradually attracted to this region. interest in the development of new media such as cinema and filmmaking also increased. more interest in the sport of hosting events and international competitions. became. the municipality of jaffa thought of hosting the arab countries' olympics. in these competitions , palestinian athletes became international champions. there was an arab female mesh champion who was famous in iraq and jordan. he had trained many female fists. his name was adib souqi. adib souqi he was palestinian and originally from jaffa. before the day of nakbat, he was the champion of the tournament. be a woman from the east.

he was able to defeat athletes from syria, lebanon, and egypt in the competition that was held in the same movie theater, which is only a few meters away from here. cinemas were not only a place to show movies, but also our cultural centers . big gatherings were held in cinemas. along with our political affiliation, we went to our cinemas to watch shows , listen to music, and do everything in addition to business and culture. a dynamic political movement also grew. palestine during the ottoman era he had a representative in the ottoman house of representatives. but with the beginning of the british protectorate, the palestinian national movement was gradually formed in quds

, which sought the independence of palestine. local muslim and christian groups held the first palestinian conference in 1919. 30 people present at this meeting rejected british guardianship and demanded that the various groups present unite in the form of a single association. most of the big businessmen joined the existing political movement in palestine. most of the businessmen are well-known businessmen who are members of the esteghlal party and the defense party. being close to the hosseini family. they are in this is a very impressive plan. but let me tell you that the economic situation was very good. it was very good, as a result, people

had more facilities than their basic needs. in 1931 , quds hosted an exceptional event that was not the same even in the 20th century. i mean the islamic world congress, where more than 150 people from 25 arab and islamic countries of the world participated in this meeting. this meeting lasted for 10 days in quds. the committee meeting was held and several decisions were made , including some important decisions. it happened that political issues are not discussed in this meeting, that is the reason there was also the fear of british guardianship, but it turned out the other way around. they talked about political issues and took a stand against colonialism. they

criticized french colonialism in morocco, italian colonialism and their crimes in jebel al-akhdar and libya. they also criticized the french colonialism in syria and lebanon and the british protectorate itself. several decisions were made, especially about palestine, in the field of cultural enrichment and the establishment of al-aqsa mosque university, but unfortunately, this plan did not succeed due to many reasons. the whole world is talking about this summit. i am still reading about that summit foreign writers who even wrote about that book until now. but all the decisions that were made in these summits in the 1920s and 1930s were heavily influenced by a growing phenomenon. this was the migration phenomenon. the zionist movement had grown in europe in the late 19th century and

was advocating the creation of a homeland for the jews. the pressure that this movement exerted on the british government led to the publication of an important declaration in november 1917. it was named the balfour declaration, which was named after arthur balfour, the british foreign minister at the time. this announcement was a letter that he he had sent to the leader of one of the british jewish communities. in this letter, it was said: his majesty's government looks positively at the establishment of a national homeland for the jewish people in palestine and will make every effort to make this goal possible. of course. it should be clearly understood that nothing should ever be done that is against and to the detriment of the civil and religious rights of the non-jewish groups living in palestine. the final effect of the balfour declaration was to encourage european jews to immigrate to palestine. but by

1920, this motivation was not so strong. i can say that the implementation of the zionist colonial project in palestine was completely defeated by 1919 or 1920. they were palestinian arabs who played the main role in reviving its economy. the zionist project was mainly considered in the vicinity of jaffa because jaffa was the most important city in palestine. the palestinians did not see them as a strategic threat because their project had failed. statistics confirm this. between 1882 and 1999 , the number of jews in yayaf and omeh, northeast of yaffa,

was only 2,000. most of the jewish immigrants who came to the country could not survive. weather, food, culture, they could not adapt themselves at all. as a result, they migrated from here to other places . practically, the zionist project in 40 years. first , i can somehow say that it was a complete failure and they couldn't do anything at all. but things changed. that is when the victorious powers on the allied front, i.e. britain, france, italy and japan , discussed the division of the ottoman empire . in the conference of april 1920 in the city of sanremo located in the north of italy, palestine was granted to britain. the league of nations accepted this plan in july 1922, but

there was a fundamental contradiction within the trusteeship structure. members of the zionist movement from english politician herbert samuel participated in the sanremo conference and the balfour declaration became part of the british trusteeship structure. britain had a dual obligation to both govern and implement policies on behalf of jews and arabs in palestine, but in fact the sanremo conference tipped the balance dramatically in favor of one side. this event was a very important turning point for the zionist movement. when the sanremo conference was held in 1920, this meeting was celebrated as a great victory based on the promise of the balfour declaration. zionists work hard

they want the provisions of the balfour declaration to be included in the text of the guardianship itself. this event was extremely important for them. this incident can only be compared with the 1948 decision of the united nations to divide palestine into a jewish state and an arab state. about 100 years ago, more precisely, in 1920 , the british trust officially appointed the first british high commissioner for the administration of palestine . his name was herbert samuel. he was a zionist and a jew and a supporter of zionist actions . the movement of zionism to establish its foundations and control over the land. palestinian and palestine's economic interests should be facilitated. herbert samuel

was one of the representatives of the zionist movement at the sanremo conference. he was then appointed british high commissioner in palestine in july 1920. but he visited the region before taking charge. minutes of some of his meetings were recorded and published in the press. the surviving documents show the strained relationship between samuel. but if the jews came to your country, they build the unplanted lands, which are an

excess to your people's needs. there are no unplanted lands in our country, except for some small areas that are unfit for agriculture. we will definitely have to plant and invest in them in the future, because our people reproduce in large numbers. thank god each one of us has an average of seven children, we must prepare lands for them. we have heard that you are one of the founding zionist leaders. i'm not one of the zionists. we know that you are one of the key zionist leaders.

and now they had to fight with the zionists. as a result, they don't have enough time and strength to work as much as they like for economic growth and agricultural prosperity. it is also an obstacle for them they did the explosive tensions between the arabs and the zionist jews boiled over when they in august 1929 in quds. they also got involved. that event is known as qiyam baraq. the most powerful country in the world at that time promised to create a national homeland for judea. all the progress that the palestinians

had during the ottoman and british protectorate under the shadow of issues. for example, jaffa was the largest metropolis in palestine where muslims and jews lived. this city was famous for its cinemas during the british protectorate. yes, because of its cinemas a very strong local culture prevailed there, but all these aspects were heavily influenced by the status of parcha. it was a political challenge at that time. the challenge was that britain was the conqueror and had promised to turn it into a national homeland, yes, a national homeland for another people.

jewish immigration to. it became the main british protectorate . most eastern european jews already wanted to go to western european america. but by 1925 , the situation became such that the number of jews going to palestine exceeded that of america. that's because america had placed restrictions on jewish immigration. 1935, the peak of jewish immigration in british protectorate era. in just one year, the number of immigrants reached 65,000. more importantly, the british protectorate allowed jewish immigrants to become palestinian citizens. palestinians were never asked about these issues. after 1920, their general strategy was to

establish a national homeland for the jews in palestine. this strategy was formalized in the british protectorate. this happened in 1923 and the jewish immigrants were given palestinian citizenship. they actually give passports or palestinian citizenship to immigrants. tens of thousands of jewish immigrants entered palestine illegally became the ship will bring them. and they were disembarked in different places on the coast of palestine, and then the zionist movement identified groups to bring them in. the jewish zionist employees who worked in british-controlled offices arranged identification papers for them, which is a kind of party game . they were getting papers for them. the british

knew that these events were going on and with this method a large number of jews. palestinian passports and passports were given without them having the right to obtain palestinian citizenship. gentile christian zionist movement 200 years ago and he made this false claim even before the jewish zionists themselves. that palestine is a land without a nation and a handful of wind dwellers and uncivilized farmers live there. they claimed that there is nothing of value in palestine. even hertzel said the same thing. in december 1947, britain announced that

its trusteeship in palestine would end in 50 months. this issue caused an increase in the violent actions of jewish zionist armed groups. may 14 , 1948, just one day before the end of the british protectorate over palestine. it was considered that palestine was not barhut, saying that palestine was barhut is a superstition that palestine is its own nation they were a nation of active, active, intelligent, intellectual and

creative people. they built an infrastructure, not only in haifa, but also in jaffa, acre, sefe tabrian, besan al-nasra, barrasbeh, lad ramla, quds, and other cities of palestine. all these institutions are the palestinians themselves. having done and made. they built their own country's economy. the zionist movement had calculated all this. when they carried out ethnic cleansing and expelled the palestinians, all these institutions and buildings remained for the use of jewish settlers and immigrants who came from all over the world . for example, when the years 1948 and 949 are clear ethnic building is done in the main cities. legions of jewish immigrants immediately came to palestine by plane and ship from different parts of the world

and settled them in palestinian homes without any problems. if they had not accounted for these issues in advance, the zionist movement would have faced many challenges. if they didn't think about it, then they wanted to accommodate tens of thousands of jewish immigrants and where? they occupy all the schools in the buildings in the cities and villages. it was palestine. they used these places to serve the zionist project . the incident of 1948 is more terrible than it is what he talked about is indescribable. i say things that i saw with my own eyes, not that i heard , i saw with my own eyes. in 1948,

i saw many things. you can imagine that only 30% of palestinian families are left in jaffa. yava , my dear homeland, my safe house. the zionist project forced the palestinians out of their homeland and forcibly inherited the graves, houses, factories, cars, household items, gardens, documents, cinemas, theaters and banks. everything, even the cemetery. they took over the holy places of mosques and churches, they took everything they took control of themselves, drew a new border and

decided to completely separate our country from the arab world and prevent people from communicating with the arab world because they say that they are warring countries. everything was planned in advance. they planned their thefts. they planned to legitimize their thefts. anyone who was away from his home for any reason lost his house and shop land. naturally, people were afraid of being bombed and exploded. whether it's a terrorist operation or not, they have the right to return to their homes, shops, and companies in israel there is a strange government in the whole world that

expels people from their homeland. it prevents them from returning and getting their salaries, even those who went from the city to a village near the city to seek shelter, or were even one kilometer away from their homes, they could not return even one kilometer . they are right to run away and go to nazareth because of banbaran and military operations. as human beings, they should go to another place and take refuge. they could not even return to their homes that day, so this was not only theft, it was also theft and legitimacy. forgiving and legalizing their actions was a kind of double theft, you know how my father killed in 1965 when he saw tractors

uprooting trees. he cried like a little child and fell on the ground. he was 90 years old at that time. we took him to the hospital but he died. he could not bear this situation. i told my father, father, they took our land. he said: our trees are still there. but when the trees were uprooted, he became mad. it's enough i got tired. please.

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