war the amount of money invested in slaves was more than the amount of money invested in railroads, banks, and businesses combin combined. this was the economic engine of europe and the united states. >> by the time you got here -- >> reporter: the enslaved marched from the auction house down this ramp and onto the ships. ha almost an assembly line. you'd bring people, you'd sell people. then you would move them onto the boats and off to the new world. >> reporter: what does black america need to hear in your estimation from the echoes off these steps? >> i think all americans need to recognize that as tragic and horrible as slavery was, as big an economic shadow as it cast, the one thing it didn't do was strip people of their humanity.

as strong as the people that walked down those steps and got on those boats. >> we're wading out into the tidal flats. >> reporter: if lonnie bunch was to find his slave ship, he would need steve lubkemun, co-founder of the slave wrecks project. he's an anthropologist from george washington university who believes that slavery is the greatest story in maritime archaeology. >> think about the way in which coer our lives. it's not just -- it doesn't affect just the computing industry. everything is interlinked and depends on this. and the slave trade in its time was truly the equivalent. it reached into and influenced and created the modern world. >> reporter: even so it's not likely much has survived centuries under the sea. >> we're not talking about a hull you're going to find down

mind's eye. >> we don't find intact ships. we find parts of ships. you have to go underneath the water, add some difficulty to this, find the pieces, try to put them back together, and put together the story that you can. >> reporter: the story lubkemun was searching for wasn't discovered underneath the water. his ship was lost in the dry official records of capetown, south africa which reached back to the 1600s. been diving into these binders for months when they discovered the "st. joseph," known in portuguese as the "sao jose." the "sao jose" arrived at mozambique island in 1794. the cargo manifest records 1,500 iron bars for ballast and more than 400 slaves bound for brazil. this is a cargo sketch from a

paul gardulo is a historian of slavery and curator of the smithsonian museum. >> bodies and souls laid side by side with no room to move, no sanitation. many people on these voyages died. >> reporter: how long was that journey? >> a journey like the one the "sao jose" took could take up to four or more months. >> reporter: this is slavery on a global industrial scale. >> from about 1500 through the 19th century, through the late 1800s, we're talking about at least 12 million people who were taken from their homelands across the sea. many, many hundreds of thousands more, untold people, were lost during that trade. >> reporter: off capetown, south africa the captain of the "sao jose" was caught between a

chart spiked with warnings. whittle rock, bellows rock, rocky bank. the "sao jose" crashed. 212 slaves were killed. and because money had been lost, there was an investigation. >> they wanted to have independent verification. >> reporter: interviews with survivors have survived. >> this is the crew's account. and right here we have the captain's account. and he signed his name here 220 ar the slaves and the people. the people are the crew. the slaves are just cargo. >> reporter: the 200-year-old investigation pinpointed the site. and in 2010 divers responding to a metal detector discovered bars of iron. one of those divers is jacob boshoff, an archaeologist with

and lubkemun's partner in founding the slave wrecks project. he says these are the iron bars we mentioned a moment ago on the "sao jose" manifest, the ballast for the ship. >> so you actually were excavating the sand on the sea bottom. >> that's correct. >> reporter: this stuff was under the sand. >> under the sand. >> reporter: you're in how much water? >> five meters of water. >> reporter: about 15, 20 feet of water. and these are two feet under the sand below that. >> that's right. >> reporter: turns out shallow water only makes harder. surf tosses the divers, and sand vacuumed away settles back within hours. but after more than 300 dives this is what they've recovered so far. >> this is the little nails that -- >> reporter: these are nails that pinned sheets of copper over the hull for protection. >> as you can see -- >> reporter: what looks like a lump of concrete is marine growth on a wooden pulley block, similar to this one used to

spaces where rope was threaded around the wheel. the divers discovered wood that a lab would later trace back to mozambique. and this may be the most revealing artifact of all. masked by two centuries under the sea. x-rays show a shackle, similar to this, used to bind slaves. to this, used to bind slaves. >> you can see the full report today you can do everything in just one click, even keep your toilet clean and fresh. sol click gel. click it in to enjoy clean freshness with every flush. lysol.

a new report shows that millions of americans are robbing themselves every time they pull up at the gas pump. kris van cleave has that story. >> reporter: gas remains nearly ten cents cheaper than this time last year, but aaa says americans are basically throwing money away by doing what edna bangann just did. >> it just required unleaded. but i prepared to use plus to >> reporter: richard ulrich prefers regular but he too hears the siren song of higher grade gas. >> i think the octane level, yeah. i think so. it makes it run better. i think the engine probably runs cleaner with a higher octane. >> i think it's easy to believe that something that says premium sounds like a treat. >> reporter: aaa's john nielsen. >> but the truth is if your car is designed to run on regular gasoline using the premium fuel or 93 octane isn't going to make

>> reporter: aaa looked at cars with v-6, vchlts-8 and 4-cylinder engines and found no benefit to using a higher level of gas than what was called for by the manufacturer. aaa estimates 16.5 million drivers misfueled their cars by upping the octane unnecessarily last year, costing them an extra $2.1 billion. only about 16% of vehicles on the road require premium gas. they are typically high-performance or luxury cars. mid-grade. while 7 in 10 cars on the road only need regular. >> consumers if they stick with what the owner's manual recommends, they're going to be fine and save some money while they're at it. >> reporter: now, if you're just devoted to your premium gasoline, it's not going to hurt your car. it's not going to hurt your performance. you're just not going to see a whole lot of benefit out of it for most drivers. now, we talked to the american petroleum institute. they represent the gasoline industry.

more and more people are getting tattoos. by 2020 it's expected to be a billion-dollar a year industry. but how safe is the ink that's going under your skin? anna werner has a look. >> reporter: san francisco hairstylist jar samuel loves his salvador dali-inspired tattoos. >> i expression of the art. >> reporter: but when it comes to what's going under his skin -- >> sort of an out of sight out of mind. >> reporter: you don't really spend too much time thinking about it? >> i mean, i want them either way. so i guess i haven't really given it too much thought. >> reporter: many tattoo fans don't. unless they get a reaction like this. some people have reported sensitivity, allergic reactions and infections. >> my foot just kept getting bigger and bigger and bigger.

the sister of a cbs news employee, says this tattoo she got in 2016 quickly became infected and sent her to the emergency room. >> they told me it was a pretty bad infection and put me on antibiotics and some crutches, and i was on crutches for a few weeks until it healed. >> reporter: at this new york city tattoo parlor the owner, who goes by the name bang bang, says he takes careful precautions, which include rubber gloves -- >> lots of glove changing >> reporter: and sterilized instruments. >> the dangers in tattoo shops are the things you don't see. that's why it's tough. it's microbacteria and diseases and germs that we have to clean and sterilize and we need to give extreme care to the preparation. >> reporter: but it's not just the tattoo shops. then there's the ink. san diego dermatologist arhysa ortiz studied the issue. >> what's concerning about tattoo inks is we really don't know what's going into these tattoo inks.

notes many pigments in inks are industrial-grade colors used for printer's ink or automobile paint. ortiz says some contain heavy metals like cobalt or cadmium. >> and it can cause many different types of problems like just allergic skin rashes or inflammatory reactions or even types of skin cancer. when you go in to get a it's important you're aware of that and don't think it's just harmless paint going into your skin. >> reporter: the fda reports seven voluntary recalls of tattoo ink since 2004, one that came after 19 people contracted a serious infection from contaminated ink. this owner says he trusts his ink suppliers but agrees, inks nationwide deserve more scrutiny. >> i think that in the future they do need to really test what's inside of them. >> and that's the "overnight news" for this friday.

little later for the morning news and "cbs this morning." from the broadcast center in new york city, i'm don dahler. now it's a criminal case. the tulsa police officer who fatally shot a black motorist is charged with manslaughter. >> a warrant has been issued for her arrest. also tonight, the national guard moves in to charlotte to try to prevent another night of violence after the fatal police a cbs news investigation. did a general delay important intelligence meant for the president? more hack attacks. the white house is a target, and so are half a billion yahoo! accounts. and the president honors the

? my baby love ? ? i need you ? ? oh, how i need you ? >> announcer: this is the "cbs overnight news." an arrest warrant has been issued for tulsa police officer betty shelby. she is charged with first-degree manslaughter in the shooting on friday of an unarmed african-american motorist. shelby's 42. she's been on the tulsa force five years. this is one of two cases this week that have reignited the national debate over the deaths of african-americans at the hands of police. manuel bojorquez is in tulsa. >> i've got a subject who won't show me his hands. >> reporter: after reviewing police dash cam and helicopter video, county district attorney steve kunzweiler announced the charge, less than a week after white police officer betty shelby shot and killed 40-year-old terence crutcher, an

according to the affidavit, the investigator found shelby reacted unreasonably and that she became emotionally involved to the point that she overreacted. terence crutcher's family responded to the announcement. >> but while we are pleased to learn that the officer who senselessly killed my beloved twin brother will face criminal charges for her reckless act, we understand that nothing will bring him back. >> reporter: district attorney steve kunzweiler. >> i do not know why things happen in this world the way they do. we need to pray for wisdom and guidance on each of our respective paths in life. >> reporter: police say crutcher did not obey commands after they responded to a call and encountered his abandoned suv. footage of last friday's incident showed crutcher walking away from shelby with his arms raised. >> he's got his hands up there for her now. >> reporter: her attorneys say she fired when he began to reach into the window on the driver's side. >> shots fired!

family dispute that claim, saying the window was rolled up. since the shooting peaceful protests here have happened almost daily. officer shelby's attorney did not immediately reply to a request for comment. arrangements are being made for her to turn herself in to the tulsa county sheriff's department. scott, first-degree manslaughter carries a punishment of at least four years. >> manuel bojorquez, thanks. now, the north carolina national guard has moved into charlotte this evening t violence sparked by the death of keith scott, an african-american shot by an african-american police officer. today video of that shooting was shown privately to scott's family. david begnaud is in charlotte. >> reporter: the second night of protest was more dangerous than the first. in the chaos, gunfire. >> dial 911! >> reporter: a young man was shot and later died. police say he was not shot by an

today for the first time the family of 43-year-old keith scott was set to speak, but they were overcome by grief, so attorney justin bamburg spoke for them. >> this family has questions, and they deserve answers. don't release some information. don't play hide the ball. if you're going to release what happened, release everything. >> reporter: charlotte-mecklenburg police chief kerr putney says he will not let the public see the video because the investigation is police say scott had a gun. >> oh, my god. >> reporter: witnesses say it was a book. >> the video does not give me absolute definitive visual evidence that would confirm that a person is pointing a gun. >> reporter: police claim they did recover a gun but didn't find a book. >> i hereby declare this to be an unlawful assembly.

criticized for taking 15 hours to accept more manpower. national guard and state police offered by the governor tuesday morning. why did you allow things to escalate to the point that they did last night? >> i don't believe i allowed anything. i believe what happened is people were violating the law. they were in huge numbers. and it's something that we can't anticipate. >> reporter: county commissioner vilma leake says charlotte has been ripe for this kind of tension. >> it's almost like a volcano that's beginning to explode. joblessness. education is not strong. in given communities. weakest teachers with the weakest children. this is a divided community. so a lot of this stems from that process from our young people who say we're not taking it anymore. >> reporter: police are bracing for more protests tonight. 44 people were arrested last

scott, there's a state of emergency that's in effect right now, and it gives the police chief the ability to enact a curfew. but the chief says as of right now he doesn't intend to. >> david begnaud reporting. thank you, david. there's hacking news today, as usual, but this time it is chilling because someone was able to get the fine details of the travel movements of the vice president and hillary clinton, a serious security breach. jan crawford is following this. >> reporter: the hacked e-mails came from the personal gmail low-level contractor at the white house and a part-time staffer on hillary clinton's presidential campaign. posted on the website dc leaks the e-mails include travel schedules of leading political figures including the vice president and what appears to be a scanned copy of first lady michelle obama's passport. the fbi is looking into the

wake-up call for all of us. >> reporter: white house press secretary josh earnest expressed concern. >> obviously we take any reports about a cyber breach seriously, particularly if it may include some sensitive information. >> reporter: the leaked e-mails detailed travel movements for vice president biden, including his hotel information for a july trip to los angeles. it even showed where his room was located on the seventh floor of the beverly wilshire hotel. another e-mail included hillary clinton's schedule for a trip to florida last year, showing everything from her motorcade schedule to which hallway she would use at the event. now, it's unclear whether the stafol the hack comes after the dc-leaks website, which scott, has been linked to russia, published the personal e-mails of former secretary of state colin powell. >> jan crawford in the washington newsroom. jan, thank you. the "cbs overnight news" will be

the wife of the suspect in the new york and new jersey bombings over the weekend flew back to the u.s. last night from the persian gulf. she is cooperating with investigators. ahmad rahami is in a new jersey hospital, unconscious and hooked up to a breathing tube, recovering from gunshot wounds. during the bombings over the weekend two men found a suitcase containing one of the bombs on a manhattan street. they took the suitcase and left the bomb, which failed to explode. the fbi wants to meet them. well, we know where hillary clinton will be on monday. she'll be with donald trump at their first debate. here's nancy cordes.

home today with her top advisers and stacks of briefing books, while trump gave an energy speech in pittsburgh. >> i think i'm going to get one for hillary. >> reporter: and tried cheesesteaks in philadelphia. >> how's the debate prep going right now? >> well, i'm here at geno's. >> democrats for trump. >> i think it's going fine. >> reporter: trump has rejected the traditional approach. he will do no mock debates. there will be no clinton stand-in. >> i mean, i've seen people do so much prep work that when they get out there they can't speak. >> reporter:ha prep sessions and is polling supporters for advice with a new debate preparation survey that asks, for instance, "do you think trump should refer to hillary as crooked hillary on stage?" >> crooked hillary clinton. >> clinton was asked about the upcoming debate on the satirical interview series "between two ferns." >> do you wonder what your opponent might be wearing? i mean -- >> i assume he'll wear, you know, that red power tie. >> or maybe like a white power tie.

>> reporter: the expectation-setting game has already begun four days out. the clinton campaign, for example, says trump needs to display the same kind of platform specifics as clinton will on monday, while republicans argue, scott, that it's clinton who needs to turn in a near flawless performance, given how much more experience she has on a debate stage than trump does. >> and we'll have the debate live right here on cbs on monday now, tonight we have an investigation into u.s. military intelligence and whether vital information was withheld from the president. our story centers on central command in tampa, florida which covers the middle east. intelligence is always debated by analysts. it's supposed to be. but two federal investigations are looking into whether conclusions were spun to

jim axelrod and producer emily rand are looking into this. >> reporter: on a rainy day in september 2014 president obama paid a visit to u.s. central command at macdill air force base in tampa for a briefing from general lloyd austin. >> throw the grenade in the bunker. >> reporter: among the topics, training and equipping the fragile iraqi security forces to stop the explosive growth of isis. the cost of the program -- $1.2 billion. >> i just received a briefing from general austin and met with your commanders, met with representatives from more than 40 nations. it is a true team effort here at macdill. >> reporter: but at the time centcom's intelligence operation was anything but unified. critical assessments of the iraqi security forces were regularly being altered by top intelligence brass. words like "slow," "stalled," and "retreat" changed to

which had the effect of painting a rosier picture in final reports delivered to general austin and his staff. but it didn't stop there. in one instance centcom's director of intelligence, major general steven r. grove, blocked a negative assessment of iraq's military from the president's daily brief, a top-secret intelligence summary viewed only by the president and his closest advisers. on february 19th, 2015 the pentagon's defense intelligence agency concluded iraqi security forces wouldn't be ready to retake mosul, iraq's second largest city, before the end of the year. in tampa centcom's iraq analysts agreed. but according to sources, general grove ordered the assessment kept out of the president's brief until after his boss, general austin, testified to congress about the iraqis' progress.

>> reporter: making the case for an additional $715 million for the program. to stall the negative assessment from getting to the president, centcom senior staff asked for revisions. >> we're about where we said that we would be in the execution of our military campaign plan. >> reporter: and on march 3rd austin told congress the "train and equip" strategy was working and that isis was on the run. >> the fact is that he can no longer do what he did at the outset, which o he has assumed a defensive crouch in iraq. >> reporter: last fall, after the pentagon began its investigation into allegations of intelligence manipulation -- >> i don't want intelligence shaded by politics. >> reporter: -- the president laid out his expectation that intelligence never be distorted. >> we can't make good policy unless we've got good, accurate, hardheaded, clear-eyed intelligence. >> reporter: general austin retired earlier this year as

statement to cbs news he said he never directed anyone at centcom to adjust or delay intelligence, nor would he have tolerated such actions. his director of intelligence, general grove, declined to comment. he was rotated out of centcom this past may. the inspector general's investigation, scott, is ongoing. >> jim axelrod, thanks. coming up next, a massive e-mail breach at yahoo!. and later, honoring the man who

today you can do everything in just one click, even keep your toilet clean and fresh. introducing lysol click gel. click it in to enjoy clean freshness with every flush. lysol. start healthing. ? yeah, click ? >> i'm alex trebek. if you're age 50 to 85, this is an important message. so please, write down the number on your screen. the lock i want to talk to you about isn't the one on your door. it's a rate lock for your life insurance that guarantees your rate can never go up at any time, for any reason.

do not have one, but you can get a lifetime rate lock through the colonial penn program. call this number to learn more. this plan was designed with a rate lock for people on a fixed income who want affordable life insurance that's simple to get. coverage options for just $9.95 a month, less than 35 cents a day. act now and your rate will be locked in for life. it will never increase. your coverage can never be cll as long as you pay your premiums, and your acceptance is guaranteed, with no health questions. you cannot be turned down because of your health. call for your information kit and gift. both are free, with no obligation. don't wait,

? today yahoo! said hackers stole the personal information in half a billion e-mail accounts. it may be the biggest hack ever. the fbi is on it, and so's ben tracy. >> reporter: if you've got mail from yahoo! chances are you've

in a message posted online, the company said it believes that information associated with at least 500 million user accounts was stolen. that includes names, e-mail addresses, telephone numbers, dates of birth, and even security questions and answers. the company says the hack does not appear to include credit card or bank account information. >> even with the best monitoring companies don't even know they've been hacked. >> reporter: connie guglielmo is editor-in-chief of cnet news. >> just because your bank account infoat and my password, what could they possibly have? well, they have access to your entire circle of friends, all of the businesses that you do business with. anything that you've put in e-mail, all of that stuff is now vulnerable. >> reporter: yahoo! says the hack happened in late 2014 by an unidentified state-sponsored actor. the company has not said when it first learned of the massive data breach and why it's alerting customers now. but it is working with the fbi. yahoo! is the third largest

at one time it was worth $100 billion. but its latest ceo, marissa mayer, is in the midst of selling the company to verizon for about $5 billion. yahoo! is telling its users to immediately change the passwords on their account. and scott, that includes the security questions as well. >> ben tracy in l.a. for us. ben, thank you. coming next, america's unconscious bias. i absolutely love my new york apartment, but the rent is outrageous. good thing geico offers affordable renters insurance. with great coverage it protects my personal belongings should they get damaged, stolen or destroyed. [doorbell] uh, excuse me. delivery. hey. lo mein, szechwan chicken, chopsticks, soy sauce

ah, these small new york apartments... protect your belongings. let geico help you with renters insurance. ahh...still sick, huh? i'll take it from here. i'm good. i just took new mucinex clear and cool. ah! what's this sudden cooooling thing happening? it's got a menthol burst. you can feel it right away. wow, that sort of blind-sided me. and it clears my terrible cold symptoms. ahh! this is awkward. . and clear your worst cold symptoms. start the relief. ditch the misery. let's end this. from the first moment you met it was love at first touch and all you wanted to do was surround them in comfort and protection that's why only pampers swaddlers is the #1 choice of hospitals to wrap your baby in blanket-like softness and

so all they feel is love wishing you love, sleep and play. pampers for many the shootings in tulsa and charlotte are proof of police bias. but research confirms it's not just the cops. here's dr. jon lapook. >> most people are biased. according to our research, the majority of americans show some attitudes towards minorities. >> reporter: nyu psychologist david amodio studies the science of racial bias and prejudice. in this test subjects are shown a picture of a black or white male carrying either a gun or a harmless object and must make a quick decision to shoot or not shoot. >> and now you are in the role of a police officer and what's been found is that if the person who appears is black and they're holding a cell phone or a soda can people are more likely to

they were white. >> reporter: one study found subjects were about 30% more likely to shoot an unarmed black person than an unarmed white person. >> when we've used eye tracking in that task, what we find is that the eyes always go to the person's face first and then tracks down to see what's in their hand. >> reporter: so they see their color first. >> yeah. >> reporter: and they may make a biased decision based on that. >> and it's automatic. it happens within 100 or 200 milliseconds. >> reporter: can you betrained not to automatically look at the face? >> we tested that strategy in the laboratory and we found it's effective in reducing bias in shooting. >> reporter: in the lab focusing on the object rather than the race reduces mistaken shooting of unarmed blacks by as much as 45%. >> oftentimes we need to make a snap decision, and it can take effort and some time to overcome an automatic bias. >> reporter: one big question is how research like this in the controlled setting of a lab applies to real-life situations in the field where so many unpredictable things can happen. >> fascinating. doctor, thanks very much.

brooks and gordy honored at the

today president obama honored 24 individuals and institutions for their contributions to the arts and humanities, including mel brooks for making us laugh, historian ron chernow for telling our nation's story, audra mcdonald for lighting up broadway, chef jose andres for cultivating our palates, and producer-songwriter be chip reid now on the man behind the motown sound. ? signed sealed delivered, i'm yours ? ? ain't too proud to plead, baby baby ? ? stop in the name of love ? >> reporter: berry gordy revolutionized popular music. >> in those days it was black music, it was white music, and i wanted to make music for all

? sugar pie honey bunch ? ? you know that i love you ? ? abc, easy as 123 ? >> reporter: at 27 he quit his job on a detroit assembly line and started writing songs. ? to be loved ? "to be loved," sung by jackie wilson, was his first big hit. ? oh, what a feeling, to be loved ? his career as a producer took off after signing performers like smokey robinson. ? if you've got the notion ? ? i second that emotion ? >> reporter: and the contours. ? do you love me ? ? i can really move ? over decades he created a music empire called motown, with groups like the temptations. ? i've got sunshine ? ? on a cloudy day ? the jackson 5. ? ooh, ooh baby ?

? i just called to say i love you ? gordy's focus was love songs. >> motown was built on love. >> reporter: with so many superstars, he refuses to play favorites. >> whichever artist i'm with at the time, i sing their songs and they're my favorite artist when i'm asked. if i'm with diana ross, "i hear a symphony" or "my man." ? ooh, my man, i love him ? >> if i'm with smokey, it's "tears of a clown" or "tracks of my tears." ? the tracks of my tears ? >> reporter: on this day the only tears were tears of joy. chip reid, cbs news, the white house. and that's the overnight news for this friday. for some of you the news continues. for others check back with us a little bit later for the morning news and of course "cbs this morning."

>> announcer: this is the "cbs overnight news." welcome to the overnight news. i'm don dahler. history will be made tomorrow in washington with the grand opening of the smithsonian's national museum of african-american history and culture. three days of festivities kick off today with what they're calling a homecoming. storytelling. the museum sits on the national mall right next to the washington monument, and it's designed to celebrate america's shared history of politics, sports, and entertainment. gail king and norah o'donnell got a tour from the museum's founding director, lonnie bunch. >> on the mall it's mainly white marble. and i thought, could we do

realized. >> reporter: wrapped in bronze and inspired by the three-tiered crowns used in west african art, the national museum of african-american history and culture shines brightly near the center of the national mall. >> this is a cabin from edisto island, south carolina -- >> reporter: but to get a sense of the african-american experience you have to go below the surface, five stories down. >> at its peak iul in that cabin. >> reporter: a cabin for slaves and shackles small enough to restrain a child, reminders of america's regretful past. while a stool from a greensboro, north carolina lunch counter represents a resolve to move beyond segregation. >> what i see is something very simple. sitting in a chair is transformative. >> reporter: this museum will challenge your emotions. tears will be shed here. but there's joy to be found too. >> i've got to say, this is cool. >> reporter: like chuck berry's

>> you're supposed to treat artifacts with respect. but of course i sat in there. $$what, are you kidding me? >> reporter: about 40,000 artifacts have been collected. the fact that less than 10% of it is on display is emblematic of the pride and dedication that made this museum a reality. >> so i'm very humbled. i think in some ways my biggest worry was could we find this stuff. >> reporter: after president george w. bush signed legislation to create the museum in 2003, congress designated 270 million, or half of what through fund-raising efforts, while corporate partners, business leaders, and celebrities were the top donors. ? 4 million came from people giving whatever they could afford. like the million dollars pledged by the congregation of the alfred street baptist church in alexandria, virginia. >> the church tried to emphasize

wanted every member to believe that no matter how large or small your gift you're making history. >> people are going to be able to leave their stories behind. ultimately their picture and their story will be here. >> reporter: visitors can add their history too. using an interactive display. but the newest smithsonian museum is not a time capsule. it's a place where you will be encouraged to explore current events, including the complicated conversations of race that continue today. >> the museum cost a half billion dollars to build, and o of thousands of small donations. time lapse video captures the building's construction. the groundbreaking took place nearly five years ago on the only vacant plot of land on the national mall. the final piece of steel was installed just last year. the bronze-colored facade is made up by more than 3,500 panels. architects phillip freelon and david adjaye discuss their creation. >> we felt the weight just about every day.

building something not for the next ten years but the next 100 years that would represent our culture. >> the museum is not just about making any shape just for the sake of it. it really tries to make from the very silhouette a story for people to ask why. and it really tries to bring you back to central and west africa so you think about the kind of empires of that time and the history that the african-american community have. but also that the geometry like coming to america, it defers to the monument of washington, 17 1/2 degrees, to show how it's integral. even though it's a different place, it's part of the same place, it's part of this place, america. >> so in many ways it's going to be there as a reminder of the importance of this institution because of its location. literally within the shadow of the washington monument. >> it's taken 200 years to complete this master plan, and last but not least i think this museum completes it.

palaces of culture to educate the people. and i think this museum comes at a very opportune time to finish this master plan and to send it into the future. >> the museum faced both funding troubles and political battles. jan crawford has that part of the story. >> it gives me goose bumps to see it happening. >> reporter: it's been a long road. and the story of this museum like the african-american experience is one of trial and triumph. >> to see it finally happen after all this time is just really overwhelming. >> reporter: it was a century in the making. a dream for generations. it became reality through tireless work by people like judge robert wilkins, who helped build coalitions so the full story could be told and shared for generations to come. the effort goes back to 1915, when black civil war veterans, their contributions to winning, their freedom ignored, pushed

service. funding never came. >> this has been one of the great days of america. >> reporter: decades later civil rights movements swept the country. reigniting the effort to recognize african-american history. but the road blocks seemed almost insurmountable. civil rights icon congressman john lewis introduced 13 different bills to create a museum. opposition came from multiple fronts. >> once we approve this museum, we will be called upon by other no be justified in doing so. to provide museums for their particular groups. >> so many said why do we need a special place to tell those stories? >> reporter: jeanetta cole serves on the museum's scholarly advisory committee. >> when there isn't an acknowledgment of a people's history and their culture, there's no acknowledgment of those people. >> reporter: another obstacle,

against another building on the national mall, which they considered overcrowded and pushed for a different site on the edge of the city. >> it would be appropriate to place a monumental building on this site. >> reporter: judge wilkins was part of the committee that urged congress and then president george w. bush to build the museum on the national mall. >> i think that symbolically it's very important because the history of african-americans had been you were in the back, you had toer home from the back door. >> reporter: wilkins was there when the president signed the museum bill into law in 2003. museum director lonnie bunch then began the difficult task of raising $270 million in private donations and collecting the thousands of artifacts needed to fill such a large space. in 2012 crews finally broke ground. >> it's amazing what we've gotten here. it's amazing we've gotten here.

and i don't think that t today you can do everything in just one click, even keep your toilet clean and fresh. introducing lysol click gel. click it in to enjoy clean freshness with every flush. lysol.

lonnie bunch is the founding director of the national museum of african-american history and culture, which opens tomorrow in washington. bunch felt the museum would not be complete without a slave ship. but it turns out the only ple to find one was at the bottom of the sea. scott pelley joined his search for "60 minutes." >> reporter: mozambique island defies the erosion of time. the portuguese colonists who claimed it 500 years ago would still find the cut of the cloth that borrows the wind, as familiar as the cut of the stone that framed their city. ? lonnie bunch came to this

>> i thought it wouldn't be hard. so i called museums around the world and said, okay, look, you must have some things. you must know where i can get some material. and everybody said no. and they said to me, lonnie, almost every slave ship was at the end of its life so, it's probably at the ocean floor. and then i got scared. then i thought, well, i'm not going to be able to find this. >> reporter: mozambique island rises from the indian ocean, south of the equator. it was one of the points in what was called the triangular trade. goods from europe to africa, slaves to the new world, and cotton, gold and tobacco back to the old. in the 1400s the portuguese were the first europeans to trade in slaves, and they became the largest. followed by the english, french, spanish and dutch. on mozambique island the portuguese built a fortress that they called st. sebastian for the christian martyr who was

in rome in the year 288. the irony of that name was the only thing here the portuguese failed to grasp. >> you know, when you look at the enormous effort that went into building this fort, they were protecting something that was hugely valuable to them. >> they recognized that the key to their future as nations with economic prosperity was the slave trade. the trafficking of more than 400,000 slaves. bunch was certain there had to be evidence of a ship. and he soon discovered he wasn't the only one looking. >> give me a hand. >> reporter: he found a group of researchers calling themselves the slave wrecks project. and they were following a promising lead. >> what do we find down here? >> a very interesting thing. >> reporter: desio mwanga is a mozambiquan archaeologist helping the slave wrecks project

>> this is a tunnel that was used to put slaves inside the island or put them out of the island as well. >> reporter: under the old portuguese town tunnels connected holding pens to the sea. the devout portuguese preferred to keep slaves in transit out of sight. how were these slaves captured? >> some individuals, african individuals, specialized in capturing slaves. so they'll go and raid villages far, far from here. and they'd walk chained all the way from there to here. on the way. >> reporter: so these were africans capturing africans. >> yes. it was not only a business for the portuguese, the europeans in this case, but also for some of the local chiefs as well. >> reporter: those local chiefs came to this auction house to sell captives to european clients. >> a male in the late 18th century, early 19th century, would go anywhere from 600 to

>> reporter: this was incredibly lucrative. >> in the years before the civil war the amount of money invested in slaves was more than the amount of money invested in railroads, banks, and businesses combined. this was the economic engine of europe and the united states. >> by the time you got here -- >> reporter: the enslaved marched from the auction house down this ramp and onto the ships. >> what you probably had was almost an asmb people. then you would move them onto the boats and off to the new world. >> reporter: what does black america need to hear in your estimation from the echoes off these steps? >> i think all americans need to recognize that as tragic and horrible as slavery was, as big an economic shadow as it cast, the one thing it didn't d was strip people of their humanity.

as strong as the people that walked down those steps and got on those boats. >> we're wading out into the tidal flats. >> reporter: if lonnie bunch was to find his slave ship, he would need steve lubkemann, co-founder of the slave wrecks project. he's an anthropologist from george washington university who believes that slavery is the greatest story in maritime archaeology. >> think about the way in which computers nowadays affect all of our lives. it's not just -- it doesn't affect just the computing industry. everything is interlinked and depends on this. and the slave trade in its time was truly the equivalent. it reached into and influenced and created the modern world. >> reporter: even so it's not likely much has survived centuries under the sea.

there and masks and all of that that you would imagine in your mind's eye. >> we don't find intact ships. we find parts of ships. you have to go underneath the water, add some difficulty to this, find the pieces, try to put them back together, and put together the story that you can. >> reporter: the story lubkemann was searching for wasn't discovered underneath the water. his ship was lost in the dry official records of capetown, south africa which reached back to the 1600s. the slave wrecks project had been diving into these binders for months when they discovered the "st. joseph," known in portuguese as the "sao jose." the "sao jose" arrived at mozambique island in 1794. the cargo manifest records 1,500 iron bars for ballast and more than 400 slaves bound for brazil.

paul gardulo is a historian of slavery and curator of the smithsonian museum. >> bodies and souls laid side by side with no room to move, no sanitation. many people on these voyages died. >> reporter: how long was that journey? >> a journey like the one the "sao jose" took could take up to four or more months. >> reporter: this is slaven >> from about 1500 through the 19th century, through the late 1800s, we're tlking about at least 12 million people who were taken from their homelands across the sea. many, many hundreds of thousands more, untold people, were lost during that trade. >> reporter: off capetown, south

jose" was caught between a violent storm and a nautical chart spiked with warnings. whittle rock, bellows rock, rocky bank. the "sao jose" crashed. 212 slaves were killed. and because money had been lost, there was an investigation. >> they wanted to have independent verification. >> reporter: interviews with survivors have survived. >> this is the crew's account. and right here we have the captain's account. and he signed his name here 220 years ago. >> reporter: incredible. >> he said he decided to save the slaves and the people. the people are the crew. the slaves are just cargo. >> reporter: the 200-year-old investigation pinpointed the site. and in 2010 divers responding to a metal detector discovered bars of iron. one of those divers is jaco boshoff, an archaeologist with

lubkemann's partner in founding the slave wrecks project. boshop says these are the iron bars we mentioned a moment ago on the "sao jose" manifest, the ballast for the ship. >> so you actually were excavating the sand on the sea bottom. >> that's correct. >> reporter: this stuff was under the sand. >> under the sand. >> reporter: you're in how much water? >> five meters of water. >> reporter: about 15, 20 feet of water. >> that's correct. >> reporter: and then these are two feet under the sand below that. >> that's right. >> reporter: turns out shallow water only makes the work harder. surf tosses the divers, and sand vacuumed away settles back within hours. but after more than 300 dives this is what they've recovered so far. >> this is the little nails that -- >> reporter: these are nails that pinned sheets of copper over the hull for protection. >> as you can see -- >> reporter: what looks like a lump of concrete is marine growth on a wooden pulley block, similar to this one used to

this x-ray shows the two white spaces where rope was threaded around the wheel. the divers discovered wood that a lab would later trace back to mozambique. and this may be the most revealing artifact of all. masked by two centuries under the sea, x-rays show a shackle, similar to this, used to bind slaves. >> you can see the full report on our website, cbsnews. ahh...still sick, huh? i'll take it from here.

mucinex clear and cool. ah! what's this sudden cooooling thing happening? it's got a menthol burst. you can feel it right away. wow, that sort of blind-sided me. and it clears my terrible cold symptoms. ahh! this is awkward. new mucinex fast-max clear & cool. feel the menthol burst. and clear your worst cold symptoms. start the relief. ditch the misery.

today you can do everything in just one click, even keep your toilet clean and fresh. sol click gel. click it in to enjoy clean freshness with every flush. lysol.

a new report shows that millions of americans are robbing themselves every time they pull up at the gas pump. kris van cleave has that story. >> reporter: gas remains nearly ten cents cheaper than this time last year, but aaa says americans are basically throwing money away by doing what edna bangann just did. >> it just required unleaded. but i'm prepared to use plus to keep the engine good. >> reporter: richard ulrich prefers regular but he too hears the siren song of higher grade gas. >> i think the octane level, yeah. i think so. it makes it run better. i think the engine probably runs cleaner with a higher octane. >> i think it's easy to believe that something that says premium sounds like a treat. >> reporter: aaa's john nielsen. >> but the truth is if your car is designed to run on regular gasoline using the premium fuel or 93 octane isn't going to make

economy or have lower emissions. >> reporter: aaa looked at cars with v-6, v-8 and 4-cylinder engines and found no benefit to using a higher level of gas than what was called for by the manufacturer. aaa estimates 16.5 million drivers misfueled their cars by upping the octane unnecessarily last year, costing them an extra $2.1 billion. only about 16% of vehicles on the road require premium gas. they are typically high-performance or luxury cars. another 10% run best on mid-grade. while 7 in 10 cars on the road only need regular. >> consumers if they stick with what the owner's manual recommends, they're going to be fine and save some money while they're at it. >> reporter: now, if you're just devoted to your premium gasoline, it's not going to hurt your car. it's not going to hurt your performance. you're just not going to see a whole lot of benefit out of it for most drivers. now, we talked to the american petroleum institute. they represent the gasoline industry. they agree, most vehicles run just fine on regular 87.

more and more people are getting tattoos. by 2020 it's expected to be a billion-dollar a year industry. but how safe is the ink that's going under your skin? anna werner has a look. >> reporter: san francisco hairstylist jar samuel loves his >> i like the art of it, the expression of the art. >> reporter: but when it comes to what's going under his skin -- >> sort of an out of sight out of mind. >> reporter: you don't really spend too much time thinking about it? >> i mean, i want them either way. so i guess i haven't really given it too much thought. >> reporter: many tattoo fans don't. unless they get a reaction like this. some people have reported sensitivity, allergic reactions and infections. >> my foot just kept getting bigger and bigger and bigger. >> reporter: sarah lindhorst,

employee, says this tattoo she got in 2013 quickly became infected and sent her to the emergency room. >> they told me it was a pretty bad infection and put me on antibiotics and some crutches, and i was on crutches for a few weeks until it healed. >> reporter: at this new york city tattoo parlor the owner, who goes by the name bang bang, says he takes careful precautions, which include this job. >> reporter: and sterilized instruments. >> the dangers in tattoo shops are the things you don't see. that's why it's tough. it's microbacteria and diseases and germs that we have to clean and sterilize and we need to give extreme care to the preparation. >> reporter: but it's not just the tattoo shops. then there's the ink. san diego dermatologist arisa ortiz studied the issue. >> what's concerning about tattoo inks is we really don't know what's going into these

>> reporter: in fact, the fda notes many pigments in inks are industrial-grade colors used for printer's ink or automobile paint. ortiz says some contain heavy metals like cobalt or cadmium. >> and it can cause many different types of problems like just allergic skin rashes or inflammatory reactions or even types of skin cancer. when you go in to get a tattoo it's important you're aware of that and don't think it's just harmless paint going into your skin. seven voluntary recalls of tattoo ink since 2004, one that came after 19 people contracted a serious infection from contaminated ink. this owner says he trusts his ink suppliers but agrees, inks nationwide deserve more scrutiny. >> i think that in the future they do need to really test

captioning funded by cbs it's friday, september 23rd, it's friday, september 23rd, 2016. this is the 23rd, 2016. this is the "cbs morning news." >> with the national guard looking on, a third night of protests in charlotte turned peaceful overnight after the mayor imposed but never enforced a midnight curfew. this as family members of scott watched video of the moment the man was killed by police calling for its public release. breaking overnight, a tulsa officer has turned herself in after being charged with manslaughter in the killing of an unarmed black man. and it's the biggest hack ever. 500 million yahoo! accounts