♪ deutsche welle >> hello and welcome to global 3000. here is what we have for you today. how indonesian farmers are searching for oil and their rice fields. -- in their rice fields. children will step but high-tech garbage dumps in ghana and working with water -- managing resources and raising living standards in southern madagascar.

farmers are struggling to make a living from agriculture. but you're forced to supplement their incomes through other means. on and indonesia's island, rice farmers are trying to extract oil from abandoned shafts. the region is rich in oil but all the contracts have gone to big companies. farmers whose dry fields are no longer productive, risk their health to extract liquid gold to eke out a living. the oil workers live and environmental nightmare. -- in an environmental nightmare. every 40 seconds, the oil is brought up through the bore hole. when the valve opens, a mixture of oil and water spurts out. the shaft is a wooden

construction coated in oil. repairing the is a risky business. -- repairing them is a risky business. there are about 200 such towers in eastern java. winches are often powered by engines from old cars. nothing here is state of the art. this is the owner of this well but he cannot afford a motor winch. the yield has been minimal today. it takes muscle to work the bore hole. men and children drag on the pit rope. this mine was drilled 100 years ago by a dutch firm. it was a news that when the current owner founded, he repaired it and claimed it as his own. strictly speaking, it is the state that controls oil extraction in indonesia.

the national oil company regulates this. >> they make no profit from us. how can we earn our money? >> the state cholera's private oil companies because they only used old holes that they are not allowed to drill new ones. rickety old mines like this often have several honors who shared investment and profits. he is the technician and owner of this mine. he has shares in three wells. back in the 1950's, ssukarno -- president sukarno said the oil belongs to the people. >> he is 74-year-old has been working the oilfields since 1948 but he is far from becoming an oil millionaire.

the oil floating on top of the water is scooped up by an to be processed in refineries like this one. the water content in this crude oil is too high so it has to be heated. it is a slow process. >> clearly, this work is bad for help. almost all the old people have long problems. -- lung problems. >> is stage of this teaching but here he produces diesel. the oil is boiled over a fire and it trickles through cooling tubes. kerosene is bottled and the main product is diesel. as a teacher, he earns about 150 euros per month but that is not enough to live and so he works here, too. this bore hole is dry today.

the oil from the mountain comes and goes on its own rhythm. he decides to call it a day. a couple of kilometers away from the smaller oil wells, these contraptions are pumped black gold out of the ground. this goes back to the days of dutch colonialism and now belong to the indonesian state. he is a former but the land here is to try and he has too little for harvest to feed his family. >> i earn about 250 euros per month with oil and that is practically our entire income. >> oil was first found in one province 300 years ago. in recent years, that -- vast oil fields have been found and drilling has begun with high- tech equipmentpacamina issues

the licenses. they expect a coming boom. the word is that eastern java could become the next texas but there is no sign of that yes. as long as oil profits continued to flow primarily to multinationals, the streets of the potential capital -- provincial capital remain filled with mopeds and rickshaws. the workers are unlikely to find work on the big field. they say only specialists are employed there not farmers like themselves. even here, there is a hierarchy. those at the bottom to the polling. -- pulling.

the oil is 300 meters below ground and the work is exhausting. the men are less than the equivalent of -- earn less than three bureaus for 12 hours of work. diesel buyers feel better. -- fare better. this man pays for the fuel out of his own pocket. he takes it to the neighboring province of 50 kilometers away where he sells it on the black market. for his 100 kilometer round-trip which makes twice a day, he earns the equivalent of about eight bureaus. -- euros. the oil men are a far cry from texas oilman.

today, this man got lucky and struck oil. the oil of eastern java is similar. some people are trying to make a living others have discarded. there are electronic garbage dumps and the search for a valuable metals like copper which can be found in old computers. 300 million computers and laptops are sold every year each of them contains about 500 grams of copper. that amounts to 150,000 tons of copper with a total value of 800 million eurus. it comes to about 1% of the world's annual copper output some 300 containers from overseas coming to ghana every month with electronic scrap are

illegal under international law. >> black smoke hangs over one of the world's biggest digital dumping grounds. this is the final destination for much of the electronic garbage from the u.s. and europe. these young men come here almost every day to salvage what they can from the old computers. this 16-year-old is the oldest of the group. >> this is life. you go to school, you'll not get anywhere today. >> sylvester pays the scrap dealers the equivalent of eight euros. he hopes to make a profit later in the day. the youngsters have enough cash to buy six monitors. they set to work salvaging the spare parts. youngsters are busy all over the large waste disposal site taking

the equipment apart while their elders sell everything of value carefully they cracked open the monitress to access the parts inside. abbas is 15-years old and does not have a computer at home. his parents are market sellers. >> [unintelligible] i work to add to their money. >> it does not take long to find a buyer for the transistors, the most lucrative find which demands high prices on the commodities market. >> [unintelligible] we salad and a ticket to the company. >> the porch of tama is the

gateway to ghana. each month 300 contenders are right. they are usually mixed with broken equipment despite international regulations. for a wholesaler, they're always surprises. >> some come from china. [unintelligible] you test it. when it is ready, you sell it. >> daniel says scrap can account for 50% but business is lucrative. used goods from places like germany have a good reputation. this man is the dilemma for another perspective. the environmental activist has prepared a report for the government about the digital divide between rich and poor. >> some of this used equipment

is used [unintelligible] it does not mean that [unintelligible] it comes in the guise of those who cannot afford brand new equipment. that is what we have not done. [unintelligible] >> the boys are kept occupied in the graveyard of discarded monitors in the capital of ghana. in a junkyard, they break the aluminum frames out of the screens before casting away the electronic address from the far away wealthy world. old refrigerators seals filled their cable melting. the techniques used by everyone is the fastest way to remove the coating from the copper wires.

the choking smoke is not the only hazard of the job. >> [unintelligible] >> the boys live in the slums on the other side of the lagoon. they don't want their parents to see them near the fire. >> we will pick and sellers. >> sylvester extinguishes the bird calms of cable with drinking water from a plastic bag. he says forces could not drag him down to the lagoon. >> [unintelligible] you can get many diseases from the river. [unintelligible]

>> environmentalists know the cable burning is highly toxic. >> there are all kinds of highly toxic substances released into the atmosphere. they end up in the soil and water. we analyze for heavy metals. the results are frightening. >> the work day is coming to an end. sylvester and his friends while copper, aluminum, and i'm on to their scrap metal skills. the profit margin is usually a few euros between the price they pay for the old electronics and the value of the materials they extract. today's pimmit is greeted with long faces. they have earned almost nothing.

-- today's payment is greeted with long faces. they have earned almost nothing. >> it is like gambling. >> yes, it is like a game. >> the computer kids go off to play football and forget about today is bad deal and a dream of careers as football stars appearing on real televisions worldwide. >> we hope some of them make it. how has globalization affected your life? tell us your experiences and take part in our questionnaire. here is what one of the war had to said. -- what one viewer had to say. >> i am 65 years old and i live in the marshall islands.

♪ ♪ i have been in and out of the cabinet over the years. i was foreign minister, minister of finance, minister of the environment. ♪ it can bring prosperity it handled right but it can also be a double edged sword. it can mean one size fits all and make overreaching demands on small government and small economies. in order to make them fit some

of his description of what economies should be like. the marshall islands 6 6 feet above the water at high tide. we are vulnerable to the effects of global warming. there are people who talk about global warming and climate change resulting in the relocation of our population. i do not think there is an option. if you move the marshall people from their lands, you are, in fact, destroying a nation, a people, a culture. ♪ now that i am 65, i am happy with my family. i am happy with my grandchildren and great-grandchildren. i have two of them. i am happy with doing personal things like conservation and

grazing exotic plants. ♪ as foreign minister of this government, i had the opportunity to visit many countries. the one part of the world that i have not been to is africa. perhaps someday i will make a down there. ♪ i would like to spend more time with my family, with my land and my ocean. that is how i want to live the rest of my life. ♪ ♪ >> experts said the impact of climate change is already visible in some hot our regions. droughts are becoming more frequent and they affect crops and cattle. southern madagascar is one in

such areas. deforestation has added to the problem affecting the madagascar the environment. they are trying to help people with dry conditions and the scarcity of water. ♪ >> balbob trees are made to last. they have been planted for 3000 years. this is one of the driest corners of the island. a tree can go three years without water. humans cannot. the parts of the plateau where water is to be found tend to be the most densely populated. everyone gets their water from

this well and these days is not nearly enough to go around. by the afternoon, the well is empty. people are worried. there has always been bad years, they explain, years when it did not yield much but never one after the other. if things carry on like this, they don't know what they will do. >> it has hardly rain here at all since 2009. there were huge cyclos that brought a little rain but 2009 was dry and so was 2010. it was a complete disaster for the people. >> if there is no rain, there is no harvest. that means there is not enough to eat. southern madagascar has been hard hit by a climate change.

the world wide fund for nature is doing what they can to help them -- the people adjust to the consequences. here it is over 40 degrees in the shade. . the wwf has been working in this village for over 30 years to establish a water committee. locals pay a small fee and the committee is responsible for maintaining the only water resource in the village. >>this is the committee president. he is proud of what is the laws has achieved. >> our children can drink clean water and we have more to eat and most importantly, everyone is disciplined in the way they use the water pump. >> only one person at a time the use the water pump. that is one of the rules laid out by the water committee.

anyone who breaks the rules has to pay a penalty. there is no more water available than there ever was but locals are more careful about the way they use their limited resources. further innovations include the introduction of the plutometer, this is a simple rain gauge to measure precipitation over a period of time. >> there is a bird that starts singing more than usual before -- the day before spring comes. these days, it sings even when the rain does not come. this rain gauge does not help us forecast rain but at least it helps us records changes in rainfall patterns. >> when locals compared amounts of rainfall from village to village, they established there is more rainfall in areas with

forests. they have realized that protecting forests needs to become a priority. madagascar has a unique by a diversity led thisgecko and this tortoise with plant and animal life that exists nowhere else on earth. in the afternoon when the heat has subsided a little, the women water the vegetable. s. they plant tomatoes and carrots next to the well, crops that don't made rain like casaubon corn grow in the field. the women said their menfolk like the vegetables that have been growing. >> is a miracle -- it is a

miracle of planting carrots. they said it would never work because the desert is too hot. these are lovely ^. karats. >> the locals have learned to use their water resources sustainably. >> in the past, there was no active water management here. now locals are very proactive in their use of water resources. ♪ >> other villages have seen similar positive developments. this bill is not the only village with the water committee and a vegetable patch. there is more to the plateau that meets the eye. we see an underground river that never dries up however dry it is

above ground. it has not ever been properly mapped but once it is it will be a significant resource. >> it could be very significant for the locals here once we know where exactly these underground rivers run, locals will finally have enough water. >> for the time being, there are no funds available for research. theselemurs do not exist anywhere else in the world. they share ancestral traits with primates and the bulk of millions of years ago. habitat destruction and hunting and many species of lemur are facing extinction. >> that is it from the global

3000 team. take care and see you next time. ♪ ♪