>> hello and welcome to "global 3000," your weekly checked on the global issues that affect us all. this is what is coming up in today's program. belo monte -- brazilians are bracing themselves for a gigantic dam project. kenyan rangers -- we follow the struggle to protect elephants from poachers. and coping with dementia -- why europeans give their elderly relatives into care in thailand.

now, here on "global 3000," we have reported on several hydroelectric projects designed to provide clean, eagle friendly energy, but a clean production process does not automatically mean hydroelectric power is all good. nature often pays a very heavy price before any plant can go online. the environmental fallout caused by the world's largest hydroelectric project, china's three gorges dam, is slowly but surely coming to light. following the lead -- the lead set by itaipu in the south of the country, brazil is currently planning what will be the world's third largest dam right in the middle of the amazon. belo monte means beautiful mountain, a name that will soon ring hollow when the bulldozers moved in to raze virgin rain forest and prepare for flooding that will exceed the scale of

the panama canal. tens of thousands of indigenous people and countless species will lose their natural habitat, but the brazilian government is willing to pay that price to satisfy the country's demand for energy. >> 36 years ago, manuel moreira spent his savings to buy 1000 hectares of unspoiled force. he looked after his peace of a jumble of those years until a few months ago. everything up to this mark will be under water, he says, because of the dam to be built downriver. the controversial belo monte dam on the xingu in the northern state of para. it will be the world's third largest hydroelectric project. it% of his land will be flooded. -- 90% of his land will be flooded. >> it will be hard. we love nature.

it pains my heart to think that this beautiful forest will be destroyed. >> the xingu is one of the last untapped river systems in brazil. the biodiversity is breathtaking. there are 800 species of fish in the river. norte engeria is the consortium building the multibillion- dollar dampier after 40 years of debate, the project has been given the green light. two years ago, the country's power grid failed because it was overloaded. the economy is growing fast, and brazil needs more electricity. >> the average for dams in brazil is half a square kilometers of land flooded per megawatt capacity. in belo monte, the ratio is much

better, just 1/10 of that. it is unique. it will destroy a lot less land. >> the group fighting to stop the project says the arguments of norte energia are nonsense. it says 668 square kilometers of land will be flooded and much of the river diverted. that 80% of the xingu will be rerouted through this area and rejoin its original course here. that will cause permanent drought along the rivers big bend in the area marked in red -- great. the fish and turtles account for 3/4 of the local populations diet. the indigenous people live off fish and the resources of the forest -- resources that will disappear. >> renata pinheiro, a biologist, companies us on a trip through the pristine juggle

an river landscape. she says huge amounts of greenhouse gas will be released when the forest is submerged, which will further fuel climate change. 12 indigenous tribes, including the arara, live in the region. the xingu is their lifeblood. >> jose carlos arara is the chief of the tribe. war paint, bows and arrows will hardly stop their new enemies. the government and the power company simply have more power. >> our very existence is in the stars. what will the future hold for

our children? if the river disappears, we will disappear as well. >> altamira is 50 kilometers upstream from where the damage to be built. 1/3 of the town is set to be flooded when the waters start to rise, in 2016 if all goes according to plan. altamira is a center of resistance to the dam. many here supports the anti-dam movement. problems are already emerging. the first 3000 construction workers have arrived. and the cost of living here have risen sharply as the number of prostitutes. >> this is a conflict between capital and ordinary people. economic power is pitted against

all the people affected by the dam. it is a cool an unequal battle. >> the transamazonica hyla will eventually connect the atlantic and pacific. in altamira, it is flanked by building sites. 20,000 workers will need to the house. >> brazil has to grow and develop, create jobs, build new industries, restructure the economy. belo monte is the best way to meet these challenges. >> under the circumstances, it is the best. >> resistance among the indigenous people is failing. few are as committed as jose carlos arara.

>> we will defend our river to the last. we have to, we will fight. we're doing this to save ourselves and the xingu. which cannot defend itself. we are speaking for the river. >> norte energia is paying each of the tribes the equivalent of 12,000 euros a month. the consortium wants to quell resistance by throwing cash at the problem. brazil needs a lot more electricity and soon. conservation is a secondary concern. the belo monte dam will be built. >> when you think of kenya, you probably think of zebras and elephants, just to name a few representatives of africa's amazing wild life. but growing populations and climate change are increasingly putting pressure on nature, and after a brief respite, ivory has again become a hot commodity. now, rangers are struggling to ward off more and more poachers,

and kenya's tsavo national park, now for the first time funds gathered from voluntary co2 of skidding schemes, are being invested in while what preservation. that is because protecting the animals and their habitat also helps our climate. here is a new approach to carbon offsetting -- wild style. >> in the kasigau corridor in eastern kenya, the bush stretches as far as the eye can see. monitoring the land is impossible without aircraft. since the place has become a nature reserve, the wildlife has returned, and with it, poachers. forest rangers patrol the area daily. helicopters are used to move the men around. their aim is to stop illegal hunting.

>> you can see from the air. i am going to give you the gps coordinates. >> more often than not, they arrived too late. a pilot is located another dead elephant and direct the mentor it. it is the 30th elephant to be killed this year. the poachers use poison. it is more subtle than a gun. >> they are using the poisoned arrow, so it was hit from somewhere. it came from right here. it is not easier for us to find this thing the way it is. >> rob johnson has been leading the project for 20 years and built things up from the start. >> how long do you think it has been dead? >> illegal ivory poaching is a growing threat for the reserve. >> demand for ivory has increased significantly in the last year, mainly fuelled by increase in ivory prices in china. the price of ivory per kilo has risen from $10 to $100 per kilo.

one of the biggest challenges we have is to make sure that revenue from the carbon project goes into the communities to incentivize the communities to protect the wildlife for future generations. >> at the beginning of 2011, while life works got permission to sell co2 certificates to people who want to offset their carbon emissions. 20 years ago, the corridor was used as farm land and for grazing cattle. now the per -- the wild life is back in the forest is recovering. rob dobson has expanded the conservation area in recent years. each year, while life works plants 50,000 trees on the edge of settlements and in places where the deforestation is worse. >> the protected area is about 200,000 hectares. there's about 100,000 people living in and around the area, and their present -- at present

market prices, about $6 per ton, our 1.2 million tons brings in about $7.5 million to the project area per year. >> wildlife works has a permit to sell carbon offset certificates to the forest for 30 years. 1/3 of the revenue goes to communities around the reserve. after two years of drought, the rains have finally returned. farmers are again able to work their land. resistance to the project has waned since the locals have come to understand that climate conservation benefits them directly. they really need money because water is in short supply. the reservoirs are hardly ever full. many people were only able to survive the drought by relying on government aid. >> the money we get from carbon project is 5 million schillings, and 80% goes to the

water problem. because our people are fetching water from rock catchments after the rains. after the rains are gone, then you have no water. people have to run up and down to fetch four water elsewhere. >> here is the smell. it is a fire smell. in that direction. it is blowing this side, so it must be somewhere down here. >> the search for fuel also drives the villagers into the conservation area. charcoal is scarce. farmers tried repeatedly to fell trees in the reserves in order to make charcoal because they know it is illegal, they go deep into the bush to do it. when rangers discovered charcoal pits, they destroy them immediately. and as you can see, what i am doing is i am opening up this charcoal kilns, which we found

this morning. it has been put up by illegal charcoal burners. when we open it up this way, it is one way of discouraging them coming here. >> by outlawing the practice and destroying the kilns is not enough because the charcoal burners will just go elsewhere. money from the project is being used to set up sustainable charcoal manufacture. only branches are burned so the trees can keep growing. wildlife works has developed a simple machine for pressing briquettes. several villages in the region have already adopted the practice. a small garment company has been set up to let people earn more money. this is where the wild life

works collection is made. but soon, the women here will be making clothing for a german sportswear label as well. without the money from the climate conservation project, a success like this would hardly have been possible. >> the communities in this area have historically been very reliant on subsistence farming, charcoal burning, and bush meet hunting. that is not sustainable as the population has increased so much. we are using some of the carbon money to industrialize, to create jobs in light industry and in ego tourism to provide an alternative. >> alternatives like this are important because the population continues to grow. the forest area at the foot of mount kasigau will only continue to thrive if the local people earn more money by maintaining it than by destroying it. >> now it is global snack time. wherever they go, our reporters try to bring back the best of global snacking culture.

please get in touch if you would like to share which snapped like to grab while on the go. today, we had to ireland to try to piece of guinness bread. >> gogarty's is a dublin institution. if you want a midday snack, this is the place to come. you can hear some irish music and have your first pint of guinness of the day. but what many visitors to dublin do not know is that in ireland, you can not only drink your but eat it in slices in the form of guinness bread. at gogarty's, it is made by john howard. than it is a very healthy product. as you can see, it is made from all irish ingredients. flour, the week, the both lakes,

the guinness, the milk, butter, kerrygold. for a nice, tasty snack, it is wonderful. >> it takes just a dash of beer. guinness has been rude in ireland for more than 250 years. the black stuff, as it is called, lends the dough its dark color appeared by the way, you will not get to see no matter how much of the bridge you eat. most of the alcohol that operates in the oven. >> it is a slow process. we cooked it at about 180 degrees for about one-and-a-half hours. >> but is it the sort of bread and irish person would, for instance, put jam on. >> if it all day. eat it for breakfast. you can test it. eat it for lunch time for a snack with the smoked salmon. >> a snack of guinness bread with smoked salmon costs about three years. the bread has the tangy flavor so characteristic of guinness stout, says this guess.

>> it is simple. it is easy. it is quick, and it is very tasty and good for you. you cannot get better than that. >> well, then, bon appetit. or rather, slainte. ♪ >> interesting stuff. if you would like to see more global snack and to pick up the of recipe, visit us on facebook. if your snacking idea makes it on the show, we will send you your exclusive global snack apron. now, we ask a rather uncomfortable question. what will happen when we all get old? when we are not just physically weaker, but perhaps also mentally. when the present and past no longer seem that clearly separated. do we expect our relatives to take care of us then? if not, can we afford to pay for professional care?

well, many europeans cannot. hear, relatives are struggling with the traditional options. today, we visit a man who was confronted with exactly these challenges, and his personal way of solving them lead of the launch a care business in thailand. depending on your own personal experience with these issues, you may come to very different conclusions on his approach. >> an elephant that paints. elisabeth is delighted. the 89-year-old tells her caregivers she wants to tell her grandson about it this evening. but by then, she will have forgotten all about it. >> i only want to say hello. hello. >> elisabeth has damage appeared she remembers the names of her three daughters. she knows she is originally from switzerland and that she now lives in thailand. but the rest is foggy and slipping away a little more each day. >> how long am i here?

a week or two weeks? how long am i here? >> you came last year. >> i am here one year? >> yes. >> one year? >> and three months. >> i was at home in switzerland. >> i am not sure. i do not know. >> elisabeth is confused and disoriented and very far from home, but lar, her tie caregiver is convinced that forgetting is simply part of aging. she thinks it does not matter if people cannot remember things exactly. >> i have a grandmother who is the same age. she lives with me. sometimes she gets angry, but it is ok. >> baan kamlangchay is written on the vehicle that brings

elisabeth, viktor, and the others back from their outing. it means "of company in the heart," and it is the name of their new home. there are 11 residents here, and they all suffered from damage. they are starting a new life at the end of their lives. that is because here, they and their families are offered something they are no longer able to find in europe -- affordable and humane care around-the-clock. lar even rolls out her sleeping mat next to elisabeth's bed for their afternoon nap. a place at the facility costs about 2500 euros a month. director martin woodtli explains that what they offer would not be possible in europe due to the expense but also because ties have a different attitude toward the elderly, due in part to the buddhist faith.

-- thais have a different attitude toward the elderly. >> they have a lot of respect for old people and treat them very tenderly and lovingly. they have no issues with physical contact. caring for the elderly is a highly valued responsibility here. >> woodtli founded the facility after his own mother got alzheimer's. she had been in a nursing home in switzerland where she grew increasingly unhappy and aggressive, self woodtli -- so woodtli look for an alternative. he, his wife, and their son live among the patients, whom he calls guests. it is all part of the concept. lar elisabeth are convinced that they are lucky to have found each other. lar has learned some english, and elisabeth is grateful for

the 26-year-old's kindness and patience. even if she does sometimes forget her name. >> what is your name? >> my name? >> yes. >> you do not know? >> i do not know. >> lar. and you? >> elisabeth. >> lar does not really understand why the families do not look after the residents themselves, but she does know that things are different in europe. >> we do not send them someplace else. we keep them at home with our families. >> 8,500 kilometers separate chiam mai from certification. modern technology allows them to bridge the distance with just a few mouse clicks. -- from zurich. elisabeth talks to her grandson in switzerland.

cats tend to involve a lot of different emotions. >> am i never coming home? >> gregor is familiar with the questions. he patiently reminds his grandmother of how unhappy she was in the swiss nursing home and that she was no longer able to stay at home. still, the medical student says his family did not make the decision lightly. his mother spent several weeks with elisabeth in thailand to make sure it was the right place for her. martin woodtli has heard all of the reproaches and criticisms,+ both from strangers and from the patients' families, who often feel guilty about simply shipping off their demented aging relatives to thailand. >> if you use words like shunted off, you can just as easily applied to a german or swiss nursing homes. but it has been my experience that distance can create closeness. the families come here to visit and see their parents or grandparents from a different

perspective and spend a lot of time with them here. and just think how it is in germany and switzerland. visits tend to be more out of a sense of duty. there is a little party in the evening. the band plays ties songs and american hits -- placed high -- plays thai songs and american hits. elisabeth has gotten out of her chair. "take me home," she sings along with the band, "to the place where i belong." and maybe the place really is here. >> no easy answers there appear that was today's edition of "global 3000." thanks for watching and not

forget to tune in again in seven days' time. from the and the entire global team here in berlin, bye bye.