>> 70 years. pearl harbor. >> 70 years. ♪ ♪ americans and japanese reflect on that day and its aftermath. welcome to "newsline." i'm michio kijima in tokyo. the united states called it a date that will live in infamy.

december 7th, 1941. imperial japanese navy attacked pearl harbor in hawaii. after that, the pacific war raged on for more than three years, until it ended in 1945. seven decades later people in japan and the united states are marking the anniversary of the attack. ♪ people in hawaii gathered for a ceremony at a park overlooking pearl harbor. among them were members of the pearl harbor survivors association. this was their last moment to mark the day together. many veterans are ageing and the association will disband. a museum dedicated to the pearl harbor attack updated exhibits. most of the displays had focused on how the united states suffered. but now curators are trying to reflect the japanese perspective. they included materials that explained the background of why japan went to war. >> see these as people rather than the propaganda of hating each other which led to a war

without mercy. so that is the purpose of that exhibit. >> what we wanted to do was create a museum that had multiple perspectives. >> in japan's northernmost region, hokkaido, this facility serves as a reminder of the attack on pearl harbor. it is the ruins of one of the imperial japanese navy's transmission stations. this is believed to be one of the places where the attack order was sent the troops. local people are actively trying to save the place. >> translator: we want to revive this building for the next generation as a reminder of the horrors of war. >> we had another reminder on this day of the impact of war. a soldier finally returned home after 66 years. the surviving relatives received a box containing his remains. they live in the northern

prefecture of eye more aomori. russia sent him to prison in siberia after the war. researchers identified his remains using dna analysis. >> translator: i want to hug my father even if it is only his bones that came back. time is not on the side of delegates in durban. they're trying to find common ground on how the world's carbon emissions should be regulated. but the same issues that divided them going into this climate change meeting still exist. and it's looking increasingly unlikely they will be able to bridge the gap before their gathering wraps up on friday. nhk's susumu kojima reports. >> reporter: delegates are still divided over when to launch a new framework after the kyoto protocol expires next year. kyoto requires only industrialized countries to reduce emissions. major emitters, including china and the united states are not obliged to make carbon cuts.

south africa's ministers of cooperation is chair ing these talks. she nominated for five meetings on different themes on thursday to the final day of talks. >> there is very little time left. your creativity in finding compromise, finding common ground and finding solutions must be intensified. >> reporter: the european union has indicated it will accept an extension of the kyoto protocol if a new framework that includes china and other major emitters is launched by 2020. small states are largely in favor of the eu proposal. they feel climate change would cost them the most. the united states is opposed to it. with less than 48 hours before this meeting wraps up, divisions are still deep. it is unclear whether delegates

will be able to walk away with any agreement of substance. susumu kojima, nhk world, durban, south africa. costa rica's president said her country wants more green energy aid from japan. costa rica relies on renewable resources for more than 90% of its electricity requirements. japan has been provide ing technical assistance. in an interview with nhk on thursday, the president laura chinchilla said renewable energy will become more important for costa rica in achieving sustainable economic growth. >> technological aid from japan has also come in other forms. last year costa rica became the first central american country

to adopt the japanese system of terrestrial digital broadcasting. chinchilla set the japanese systems are operational and equipment costs are lower than others. then japan provided technical assistance for digital broadcasting. the president says she will work to have other latsen american nations adopt their system. policy makers with the european central bank just agreed to cut a key interest rate for the second month in a row. their decision on thursday in frankfurt comes as the european debt crisis takes its toll on the region's economy ecb policymakers will lower their rate by 25 percentage points to 1%. austerity measures in the euro zone stifling economic growth. some member nations are weighed down by huge budget deficits many economists say the region is in a recession. defined as two straight quarters of negative growth. european central bank rate cut

is one measure aimed at reversing that trend. next we go to pachari raksawong in bangkok to find out what's going on in the region. the president of afghanistan intends to confront the pakistani government over the bombing that killed more than 50 people on tuesday. karzai believes it originated on pakistani soil. afghan president, hamid karzai visited a hospital on wednesday, to comfort the people who were injured in the suicide bombing at a shiite shrine in kabul. karzai criticized a militant group that reportedly claimed responsibility for the attack. >> translator: the militant group active in pakistan has assumed responsibility for this anti-human and anti-islam action. we will investigate this issue and will talk to the pakistani

government about it. >> the bombing was targeted at shiite worshippers on ashoura, the holiest day in their calendar. the afghanistan community makes up about 20% of the population of 13 million. the bombings have raised concern that the violence-racked country may be falling into a divisive religious conflict as well. pakistanis relations with the united states have also entered a difficult period. the country's ties with the u.s. have soured since nato's cross-border attack last month. pakistan has taken retaliatory measures. the government's hardline policy is backed by growing anti-u.s. sentiment among pakistanis. they are angry about the u.s. military operations and the civilian casualties, especially those caused by the u.s. drone attacks. nhk world's hideki ewi reports from pakistan. >> translator: anti-american

demonstrations are continuing across pakistan. the protesters are demanding an end to the u.s. drone raids. [ cheers and applause ] >> reporter: the u.s. military has stepped up its drone attacks. suspecting residents of harboring armed insurgents. but this has led to the killing of civilians. this town is some 150 kilometers from the border with afghanistan in northwestern pakistan. many refugees have come here to escape the drone attacks. this man lost his three sons in a u.s. drone attack. he fled here with his relatives. >> translator: many innocent people, including women and

children, have died. some of the victims may have been terrorists. but too many civilians have been killed. in these attacks. >> reporter: this 6-year-old boy became a refugee two years ago. he said the sound of the drones is still disturbing him. he stays at home all the time and doesn't go to school. >> translator: the drones make a terrible noise. i still have bad ringing in my ears. and i sometimes have headaches. >> reporter: a local psychiatrist warns that more people like farouq are suffering from mental problems because of the increase in the number of drone attacks. >> translator: 70% of refugees

have depression and other mental problems. because of scares from drone attacks. >> reporter: about 200 residents in the border areas took part in the rally in the capital, islamabad. they demanded an immediate end to the drone attacks. >> translator: i lost three of my family members. and both of my legs in a drone strike. >> reporter: the participants strongly protested the u.s. attacks and they also vented their anger against the pakistani government that has turned a blind eye to the problem for many years. >> translator: the pakistani government is not capable of protecting our safety. and our basic human rights.

>> reporter: anti-u.s. sentiment is spreading among pakistanis and is beginning to cast a shadow on the anti-terrorism operation itself. hideki yui, nhk world, islamabad. that wraps up our bulletin, i'm pachari raksawong in bangkok. >> thanks, pachari. japan's diet has assembled a panel of experts to investigate the cause of the nuclear accident at the fukushima daiichi nuclear power plant. the ten members of the panel which is independent of the government received letters of appointment on thursday, they include panel chairman, cure kau waugh, a former chairman of the science council of japan and a nobel laureate. he told the tanaka told the upper and lower houses of the diet that he is ready to take on this task.

>> translator: i'm an expert in analytical metrology, not nuclear technology. but all sorts of knowledge must be brought together for analysis if we are to find solutions to the problems exposed by the nuclear accident. unlike a separate panel investigating the same accident, the panel will basically open up its meetings to the public. it can demand the right to investigate state affairs and can summon officials of the government and tokyo electric power company and compel them to submit data. the panel plans to hold the first meeting soon. it is to submit results to the two chambers around june. workers at fukushima daiichi nuclear power plant are rushing to meet an impending deadline. they want to bring reactors there into cold shutdown by the end of the year.

the fuel inside three reactors has melted through the bottoms of their furnaces. in tonight's "nuclear watch", plant operators try to identify where all the fuel has gone. they can't check it first-hand. that's too dangerous. experts are consulting a wide range of data. >> tepco built reactors at fukushima daiichi to power thousands of homes and businesses. now, there is rot inside number one. analysts estimate all the nuclear fuel has melted through the furnace, much of it into the containment vessel. concrete covers the bottom of the vessel. it was up to 2.5 meters at its thickest point but the high temperatures have eroded parts of it. in the worst case, the fuel may have melted 65 centimeters into the concrete. in some places, that would leave just 37 centimeters before a steel shield, final barrier. company spokespersons insist the

concrete in all three reactors has stopped eroding. the bottom of the vessel is lled with water. so i don't change my view that the fuel in the reactors has been cooled down. nuclear experts have come up with several scenarios to describe what is actually going on inside the reactors. nhk commentator noriuki has been reporting on this story since march 11th. he told us how the recent analysis will affect the work to decommission the damaged reactors he spoke in japanese. so we will guide you with simultaneous interpretation. >> translator: the most important data is the temperature of melted fuel but there is no thermometer there. so there is no way of knowing it firsthand. the government says the two conditions must be met to declare the state of cold shutdown. one is that the temperatures at the bottom of the reactor are kept under 100 degrees celsius

and the release of radioactive material has been substantially reduced. if much of the fuel has already melted through the reactor, the temperatures at the bottom of the reactor may not have much meaning. tepco says the air temperature in the containment vessel is 40 degrees celsius. so the fuel must be cool enough. but i don't know if such a statement can assure the peoe of fukushima. after all, the cold shutdown is a state of a healthy nuclear power plant being kept under 100 degrees celsius, not the crippled plant like fukushima daiichi. tepco and the government should explain the status inside the reactor more in detail. by releasing such data as the gas concentration rates in the containment vessels, melted fuel

is emitting very high levels of radiation. so it must be taken out from the reactor with remotely controlled robot arms. if fuel actually melts into the concrete shield of the containment vessel, tepco would need to develop new technology to remove the concrete around the fuel. experts estimate it takes 15 years to remove the fuel and another 15 years to decommission one unit of the reactor, total of 30 years, or it may take longer. japan may need help from other countries as well. so i believe tepco should release more precise data to get support from overseas. >> that was nhk commentator,

noriyuki mizuno. "newsline" is the place to turn to for the latest on japan post march 11th. we have two segments offering two unique perspectives on the fallout from the earthquake and tsunami. "nuclear watch" brings you insights and information on the impact of the fukushima daiichi crisis. and "the road ahead" examines japan's efforts to recover and rebuild. don't miss "nuclear watch" and "the road ahead" on "newsline." some breeders in japan have added a twist to an old tradition. for centuries, japanese have enjoyed watching ornamental carp or koi, swimming around in ponds, now they're appreciating these beautiful fish in a new setting. nhk world's akita morita has more. >> reporter: in hiroshima, you can see koi everywhere.

>> reporter: hiroshima prefecture is the second-largest producer of koi in japan. autumn is the big season for taking the fish from their breeding ponds and shipping them to dealers. many people come to this dealer to check out the latest arrivals. >> translator: each fish has a different color and pattern. they're like living gems. >> reporter: recently, more customers are arriving from other countries. >> so beautiful. wonderful color and the size, i never see. >> japanese koi are number one in the world. >> reporter: koi are becoming popular in many other countries. about 60% of all the koi raised in japan are exported. >> translator: in the last ten

years, our sales to other countries have been growing. that's really good news for us. >> reporter: although more people are coming from abroad, fewer japanese people are buying koi these days. they don't have the garden space to keep them. recently, koi breeders have come up with a way for people to enjoy watching the fish indoors. miniature koi kept in fish tanks. these are young koi. the size they reach as others depends on how much food and space they are given. raised in the right conditions, they can be kept from growing too large. >> reporter: pun person who started keeping koi for the first time is hiroshi.

>> translator: everyone is surprised to hear i keep my koi in a fish tank. i'm an ordinary salary man. but having them makes me feel like i'm rich. they fill me with joy. >> reporter: it's unusual to see koi swimming around in a fish tank. but they invoke just the same sense of/+0' peace and joy. akira morishita. nhk world, hiroshima. here's some of the other news we're looking at from around the world. proper testers in yemen still risk their lives, even after the government met some of their demands. at least 30 people have been killed in the past week in fight against security and opposition forces. the country's vice president established an interim government. opposition leader mohammed businduin takes over as prime minister. 34 cabinet posts are divided

equally between the ruling and opposition parties. but protesters are demanding the president ali abdullah saleh resign immediately. they want him prosecuted. saleh is to step down next year. the military rulers of egypt say they will grant the new cabinet there presidential powers with exception of those involving defense and justice. they assume the powers after protesters forced out president hosni mubarak last february. fighting between security forces and opposition demonstrators led to the resignation last month of the cabinet prime minister sharaf. a new cabinet was formed on wednesday. voters are taking part in parliamentary elections. still, about 1,000 demonstrators continue to occupy cairo's tahrir square. the partial handover of powers is apparently an east to ease the anger over the slow pace of democratization. the obama administration

insists president assad is to blame for the violence in sirria a state department spokesman said assad should be held accountable for the deadly crackdown on anti-government protesters. toner brushed asaid the comments asaid made on american television. assad claimed he did not order protesters to be killed. he said pro defendantors used their own judgment. toner repeated the position that assad should step down. he said the syrian president is either disconnected from reality or disregards it. rachel ferguson sup next with weather. time to see what's in store for friday across the world. well let's start in eastern asia. dry once again and very chilly for many of you in the east asian continent here from mongolia down in towards southern china we're going to be

seeing icy blast of air. now, while the temperatures are not going to get too cold down towards the south, still down to about 16 degrees in hong kong. which is a little bit chilly for you there. we'll be looking at the rest of the temperatures in just a second. drying out here in the eastern coast of china. just a few lingering showers here clinging to the southeast coast. as for japan and the korean peninsula, some areas of heavier rain here, too, we'll be seeing snow out towards the north of japan. but as one system pulls away, the pacific edge should be drying out for friday. where we see some heavier rain is going to be taiwan in toward the philippines and we see the lingering showers for parts of vietnam, as well as laos and cambodia. 17 in hong kong and taipei. just 7 in shanghai. 0 in seoul, 1 in beijing. a chilly day in the capital. minus 12 for the high in ulan

bator. let's take a look in north america. many of you seeing clear sunny skies, it will be very chilly for many of you. especially in the mountain states and in towards the four corners here. out towards the east, we've got a few showers, probably snowshowers across the great lakes region. and we're just starting to see the last of the well-developed storm system that brought quite a lot of snow to new england and also the mid-atlantic area. that's going to be heading up into maritime canada. and in its place, high pressure, so that means clear skies for you, although it will be seasonably chilly. 8 degrees in new york city, 7 in d.c. on thursday. we also have 2 in chicago, minus 3 for the high in denver. meanwhile, 18 in l.a., a nice warm day. 14 in houston, it will be a little bit chilly for some of you living there. 23 in mexico city, and in miami, we have 24. okay, as we head now into europe. we want to talk about this big

snowstorm. winter storm hitting the british isles. now if you're in the vicinity, you'll certainly be noticing the winds. you can see how strong and well-developed the low pressure system is. the weather office has sent warnings out this is the latest warning we have. obviously the red area is the place to watch. so we're talking about the borders area. and lower parts of scotland. and it does mean that you'll have to take care, especially if you are going to be out on the roads there. if it is snowing the snow will be buffeted about. winds are strong enough to be doing structural damage, making driving very difficult. gale force winds getting up to about 160 kilometers an hour for the gusts. now as for the precipitation as i mentioned, scotland will be seeing snow, parts of northern england as well. otherwise it is going to be chilly rain and heads over to scandinavia down through poland and in towards germany. back into western france as that frontline moves in. so it is going to be very stormy here the next day or so.

and out to the east clearing up. in turkey you will be seeing mountain snow as well as thunderstorms down to the south. temperaturewise, 9 in berlin 347 in stockholm. minus 1 in moscow. we are keeping it in the teens in athens, rome, lisbon. here is your extended forecast.

that's our broadcast for this hour on "newsline," we'll be back with more news in half an hour. i'm michio kijima in tokyo. thank you for watching. bye-bye.