captioned by the national captioning institute >> hello and welcome to "global 3000." today, we focus on women who stand up for their rights all over the world. here is what is coming up. energy from nature. indonesia taps a volcanoes for geothermal power. dangerous profession. appearing on television in afghanistan can be risky for women. and how climate change is causing a water crisis in the

peruvian capital. we are surrounded by a mind- boggling amount of energy. the son contains enough power to -- the sun contains enough power to heat us for thousands of years. we are unable to harness these sources of nature. this leaves us reliant on fossil fuels. in indonesia, the volcanoes are constant reminders that tremendous forces are at work. "global 3000"reporters followed a team of scientists exploring this the zone. it allows us to tap into energy reserves. >> it may not be the most photogenic but cannot in indonesia. but it has other qualities, like what is beanie the circus.

-- beneath the surface. through the clouds, there is another volcano. this group of young geologist is trekking through the country. an energy country is having the measure geothermal energy reserves. not every heat source is suitable for exploration. finding the right places to tap into the earth process -- bert's hot water is a dangerous task a -- the earth's water is a dangerous task. he says it can take three years to find the right spot to drill. >> 20 megawatt or 50 megawatts.

>> is samples are taken back to the lab. -- the samples are taken back to the country's volcanoes are an ideal starting point. >> 40% resources from the water. we have a big potential. >> the journey begins in the region of southern sumatra. the road to the drilling area is riddled with potholes. on the way, high-voltage power

towers are being built. a power plant is under construction. he is 25. he knows steel barrel energy only accounts for 5% of indonesia -- he knows that gl formal -- geothermal energy only accounts for 5% of indonesian energy consumption. >> after fukushima in japan, people in indonesia are fearful of nuclear energy. geothermal energy is safe and clean. >> the hot water was of far -- reservoir will keep producing

energy for 15 years. right now, the country is only producing 1,100 megawatts from geothermal sources. >> to give the benefit for people in indonesia. the benefit is like a volcanic eruption. >> there is a small bridge -- a small village. it is a poor community. the houses have power, but it often cuts out. these coffee beans are being

dried in the sun. the country of 250 million is growing. this group is celebrating a wedding. the bride and groom are dressed up. they are sitting quietly in accordance with local customs. what do people in nearby villages think of the power company? >> we think it is a good thing. they built a road for us. we are doing better. >> the road has been damaged by the country -- by the company's semi trucks. the road leads north to the lake. it is a massive volcanic lake measuring 100 kilometers in length. when been volcano erupted 70,000 years ago, it blanketed

india in ash and catapulted earth into an ice age. it is believed to be the biggest corruption ever. the team is on the volcano. beyond explores seem enthusiastic. it is something they support and enjoy. >> it is nice. we have a hobby to climb a mountain. we can have my hobby with work. >> indonesia's politicians share their enthusiasm. they hope to harness the power of volcanoes, but it will take time to make that happen. >> when three women are awarded peace prizes by the nobel committee this week, it will be an historic moment.

they will be honored for their efforts in fighting oppression and bringing their people closer to peace. what could these remarkable women have in common with actresses who work on a soap opera in afghanistan? their bravery. women on the screen are seen as a moral provocation, especially if they play characters that break from tradition of female roles. meet the women who defy everything. >> an ordinary neighborhood in the west of the afghan capital is the backdrop for the country's most popular the first scene.

30-year old actress is in makeup . she enjoys watching the transformation in the mirror. >> everything has to be right. our makeup, our wardrobe, and our style. i want to look my best in front of the camera. >> she plays a mother in the program. scene of the day. it is dramatic. her television son has been suicidal since his wife died in a car accident. she succeeds in providing him with some momentary comfort. millions of afghans follow stories like this on television every week. that is new in a country where the complex life of extended families has always been kept hidden, behind closed doors.

>> i love acting because we show the good and bad side of life. it lets us portray our society and our country realistically. >> the equipment and sets are simple. they are enough for the director to tell the kinds of stories that many afghans live every day. the program's 30% audience share indicates they are on the right track. >> our storylines deal with common problems. family, for example, society, the drug trade, war, the police. and of course, the corruption in this country. >> after shooting wraps for the dead, she is driven home in a minibus. she is known throughout the country. be an actress in afghanistan is far from a dream job.

>> i am often afraid because our country still has not put war behind it. many people are uneducated. they do not understand tv series. they think that this is almost the same as a horrwhore. >> this is where she lives with her husband and seven children, in two rooms. she also works as a teacher. she needs the acting job to pay the rent. the children are proud of their mother and aware of how dangerous her job is. they have had their windows broken, we seem to threatening letters, including death threats from their own relatives. >> the first time i was on tv, my relatives called and said, who do you think you are

appearing like that in showing yourself like that? they told me to stop immediately or they would kill me and my intimidated. better future for her children. at age 13, she was forced to marry a man decades older. now he is rarely home and has no steady job. she acts to support the family despite the threats. >> i say what is left over for my children's future. i want my daughters to be able to go to university. maybe they will become doctors or engineers. that is my dream. >> at the television station that broadcast the program, the director is editing the next episode. when her soap opera daughter dies in an accident, she is

overcome with grief. in this scene, she is seen mourning with the other women. they say the actress's realize difficulties enters here with the story line. -- real life difficulties enter the story line. the actress who plays her daughter quit after her family objected. >> most of our actresses have major problems with their families. when their fathers or husbands see them on television, they demand they quit. we have to adjust the plot accordingly. what else can we do? >> on the set, the many threats have only brought the team closer together. some of them feel more comfortable here than with their own real life families. she cannot understand why the

actresses are threatened so often when the series is so popular. she often brings her young daughter to be set. >> of our relatives used to visit us. since i have started acting, they hate me. they have even threatened to kill me. >> they refused to be intimidated. they want to keep going. their show provides more than entertainment. it also provides a ray of hope for millions of viewers in a war-weary country. >> women are more likely than men to be victims of hundred. education, and employment are

factors. the reality is far from fulfilling. there is hope. slowly but surely, things may be changing for the better. >> they have taken to the streets to demand property rights. she is getting them fired up. >> my life has changed. i would like to see what happened to me happen to other women. >> they are posing an open challenge to an age-old tradition that prevents women from owning property. she has plenty of experience with the old tribal laws. she and her husband used to having a house and land they farmed together. when he died, she refused to marry his brother. she was not allowed to keep her

children. at the time, she did not try to challenge the tribal laws that had been created by men. >> i thought our culture would not allow it. i was afraid of the people would get upset and reject me, so i kept quiet. >> nearly 2/3 of the malawi inhabitants live in small villages. the land is controlled by tribal leaders. it is a patriarchal society. the man is the head of the family. under traditional law, he owns all property and assets, including his wife and children. there is a clear difference in gender roles. >> if the brother dies, the woman cannot inherit it. >> under national law, that

should not be allowed to happen. malawian constitution identifies both men and women as equal. women should be allowed to own property. the women have little chance of running their own lives. after her husband's death, she lived with her brother's family and worked as their housekeeper. she did not receive any wages. women are being taught to read and are informed about their property rights. those efforts are starting to bear fruit. tradition is starting to lose its hold on tribal leaders. >> a woman is a person like a man. if i die, my wife should have

that plant. my brother should not have that plant. >> she spoke to her brother and convinced him to give her a piece of land. today, she farms the plot herself. she lives off of the money she earns from the crops. once she has saved up enough, she hopes to build a house. only then can she lived a truly independent life. >> only a short while ago, the arts's -- the earth's seven hundred billionth inhabitant was born. nearly 1/4 of the population has

no steady source of water. the city relies on water from glaciers high in the andes. as the climate grows drier, that is not being replenished. a project was launched to make better use of this precious resource. >> this is a delivery of drinking water. one cubic meter costs over 2.70 euros. >> it is not enough for that days. in the summer, you use more water. >> 20% of households in lima do not have water. they have to buy it from the tanker. his water costs five times the

water from the state facility. water is scarce and expensive. there is little evidence of poverty in the city center. there appears to be plenty of water. lima wastes a lot of its resources. the idea is to develop sustainable water and waste water management systems. >> lima is a city where it never rains. it is v4ervery dry. the river still provide enough water for the millions of people here. >> lima is growing fast. it is estimated that the

population may rise from 9 million to 11 million by 2020. there is water in the mountains nearby because of the glaciers. this is a reservoir at an elevation of more than 4,000 meters. the local people say they notice changes in climate. rosario has lived here for almost 60 years. she says the peaks used to be covered in snow. >> it has not snowed here for 4 or 5 years. >> the rain starts later and later each year. >> that is and that we can already observed. the climate models show -- that is an effect that we can already

observe. >> water from the mountains is channeled into the lake. water consumption in lima averages 250 liters per person per day. there are more than 120 plants all maintained by triple water. this is another way to save water. waste water can be used to irrigate parks and gardens. it is a good idea, but the scale needs to be greater. >> if you look at the big

picture and consider projections for the future, how many small filtration plants have to be built to cover the demands for irrigation water? in terms of energy waste and staffing. >> the team says the answer lies with the state water company. it has to develop a long-term plan to deal with climate change in cooperation with the municipal authorities.p>> becaud the water company are independent entities that do not have a connection with one another, that to be brought together so they can talk. that is what we are trying to do with our water project. >> he has recently gotten involved in informing the public about water issues.

groups of schoolchildren visit water purification plants. it is hoped that they will tell their schoolmates what they have learned. >> we should save water and not wasted on things we do not need for our lives. >> poor people without running water paid too much. people who get water out of the tab paid too little. another government agency is responsible for the rates. >> it would help if the rates would change so that there was an incentive for people to use less water. >> the difficulty in getting various agencies to cooperate makes it harder to tackle the problem. there is a lot of water in the air. parts of the city are buried in thick fog all the time.

this film has an average yield of 250 liters of water -- field has an average yield of 250 liters of water per day. >> it is 400 to 800 meters below -- above sea level. there are plenty of hills available for setting up systems. >> a collector cost the equivalent of 280 euros. farmers can be used water -- farmers can use water gathered in the winter to irrigate their crops in the summer. >> you can find all of our climate series reports online. you can also get plenty of background information on climate change. that is all we have time for on

this edition of "global 3000." we hope you'll tune in again same time, same place seven days from now.