>> hello and a very warm welcome to "european journal" coming to you from dw city is in brussels. here's a look at what we have for you today. france -- why most children grow up with a working mom. czech republic -- held villages are digging up the past. and turkey -- how to do business with facial hair. in a few days, a long-awaited trial will open in germany. the trial against the last surviving member of a neo-nazi cell known as the nsu. a year-and-a-half ago when their crimes came to light, it sent

shock waves across the country. neo-nazis had been killing foreigners on german soil for almost 10 years while german authorities followed false leads. now authorities hope to avoid making more mistakes at the trial starting next week in munich, but there is already criticism. the court room is too small with room for just 50 observers and 50 journalists. the seats were allocated on a first-come, first-served basis. the problem -- no turkish media outlets got seats. they are angry, not least because eight of the nsu's 10 victims were of turkish origin. >> the correspondent for turkey's largest daily newspaper in germany made a special trip to munich to pick at his accreditation to attend the trial for a key member of the so-called nationalist -- national socialist underground and four alleged accomplices, but like other foreign journalists, he has literally

been excluded. >> the way this happened may be technically correct, but this is an exceptional child. we pray that something like this never happens again. eight turkish citizens were killed, and in a case like this, the authorities should consider a different approach and at least free up a few places for turkish journalists. >> here in this munich neighborhood within 100 meters of a first station, a fruit and vegetable seller was killed. he was shot three times in the head. he was the fourth victim of the so-called nsc, the radical right wing terror group that consisted of the accused. the fruit and vegetable stand is still there today. it has had several different

owners over recent years. relatives did not want to speak publicly about the case. the family is still traumatized by the theft and how the authorities handled the case. >> they suspected us of being involved when they questioned us. they took everyone's fingerprints and dna samples. anytime there was a murder, they called us to the station and asked the family if they knew so and so, if there was a connection. it never stopped. >> 10 murders, eight of the victims had turkish origins. one was german and greek, and one was a german police woman. they also set off a bomb in cologne that wounded many people. >> back then, people thought it was the turkish mafia or had to do with prostitution or gambling.

a lot of rumors started about people who were no longer around to defend themselves. >> despite an increasing body of evidence, police failed to follow up on hints that the killers might be right wing terrorists. the defendant and companions were able to go about their lives undisturbed for 13 years. germany's domestic intelligence service employed paid informants. many say that practice handed the investigation. >> they have stated definitively that they do not want to explain themselves when it comes to their informants. they have blocked attempts to clear it up, and the failure of investigators is a central part of this case. it is not just about the murders, but also why they failed to discover a pattern earlier. >> he spent many hours with the

investigative parliamentary committee and was amazed at the mistakes that were made including document shredding. he could not believe no one connected the murders for 13 years. >> there are still many unanswered questions. were informants actually involved? was one of the members of the nsu actually an informant? these are important questions, and i hope they will be cleared up during the trial. >> the nsu trio disappeared in 1998 after explosives were discovered in a garage. the group lived in secret surviving on the proceeds of bank robberies committed by the two men. she discussed himself as a pleasant neighbor. in 2010, the men were pursued by police after a failed bank robbery. they burned down their mobile home and killed themselves. she set off a bomb in their share of home and fled.

three days later, she turned herself into the police. -- in to the police. a parliamentary investigative committee has tried to reconstruct what happened. the committee have had to recognize that authorities massively underestimated the scope of the extreme right wing million in germany -- milieu in germany. >> they have not done anything. no one has. even the courts and politicians. the second is that there was a truly prejudiced view of the victims who had immigrant backgrounds. >> there are still hopes for the munich court. despite all the mistakes that have been made so far. he wants an explanation of what happened and justice.

>> i believe that germany is a country where the rule of law applies, but i also expect the lot to be applied. these groups have to be exposed, whatever their origin or their views. they have to be arrested and go to trial and go to prison. that has to happen. >> he wants to be there to look for an alleged conspirators in the eye, whether he gets a seat at the trial or not. >> just two generations ago, most european families had a clear division of roles -- fathers earned the money, mothers looked after the children. a lot has happened since, and today, it is normal for women to work outside the home, but what happens if you want to start a family? some women continue their careers. others have to choose between

job and family. where you live in europe plays a major role. in southern europe, child care is traditionally still a woman's job. the state has little to offer in terms of day care. in germany, many women choose to stay home after they have given birth either because they cannot afford child care or because they prefer to look after their kids themselves. in scandinavia, on the other hand, the state encourages both parents to go back to work quickly, and the same is true for france. at least in urban areas, it is normal for mothers to have jobs. >> five and a half months old, inora is in a bad mood. her nose is running, and she is having trouble breathing. her parents are worried. at her age, the sort of thing can be quite serious.

today is sunday, sell these parents are home, meaning they can look after her themselves. they both work during the week, and a nanny takes care of her. they hired her when their daughter was just three months old. in france, there's a common set up -- theirs is a common set up. neither could afford to take parental leave and forfeit their salaries. >> it is very difficult. we would have to lower our standard of living, and eat differently, and that would upset me. i would rather work and not have to cut back on anything. >> i could not afford to work halftime. things would get too difficult for us. >> in france, when it comes to child care, the general consensus is that parents need to be encouraged to return to work.

the state subsidized day care for working parents more generously than day care for stay at home parents. >> in a way, i have an impression that working actually makes life easier. when i get home in the evenings, i can spend time with inora and be completely there for her. before, i would spend time doing housework but always had the feeling i was never doing anything properly. >> today, inora is still a little sick, and her mother is finding it harder than usual to leave her with the nanny. she will stay with the nanny until 6:00 in the evening. sometimes if her parents are busy at work, even later. she opted for a nanny even

though she costs more than a day care center because she is more flexible on the days when the parents have to work late. she has three children of her own, and inora is not the only child she looks after. she plays games with them and also makes lunch for them. she does not mind at all that her daughter is more or less growing up with another woman. as far as she is concerned, her daughter's nanny is just doing another job. >> we had a long chat with the nanny when we hired her before our daughter was born. she is very motherly, but her role is to raise the children. she is very affectionate, but she is not their money. she knows the difference. i know the difference, and i think that inora does, too.

>> she works a few streets away in a pharmacy. >> i need to work. i need to feel useful. i like coming into contact with other people. talking to babies is not the same as talking to grown-ups. >> none of her customers are surprised to see her back to work so soon after giving birth, although maybe some of the older ones raise their eyebrows just a little. >> i think it would be better if she spent some time with her child. she never sees her baby. i think it is a shame she has gone back to work so soon, but it is her business. >> my girlfriend and i are in the same boat. we had a baby a month ago, and my girlfriend is on maternity leave for three months. once that is over, she will be

going back to work. >> it was exactly the same with my parents. my father went to work, and so did my mother, but they never put work before a family. >> she would like to have more children, but she also wants to have a career. she already has a ph.d., and she hopes one day to open up her own pharmacy. >> there's a lot of variety in the job, but having your own pharmacy is even more challenging. >> her role model is her boss. she has three children and runs a business. >> sometimes when the children get older, they start asking for their money, and that can get difficult. you do not really know what to do. your children need to, and they want to be with you, you are hardly ever at home. but you can make up for it on

holidays, and eventually, the children get used to it. >> she already seems to have gotten used to it. the nanny keeps her updated with text messages. >> i will be in touch asking if she has a temperature and if she has eaten anything. >> she does not usually get home until 7:00 in the evening. the baby has already been picked up and based -- bathed. after a long day apart, she finally gets to spend some quality time with her mother. >> a common history can shape the relationship between two nations for generations. that is also true for germans and czechs. after world war ii and the atrocities committed by nazi

germany, czechoslovakia expelled some 3 million people. they were ethnic germans. they had lived there for centuries. in the post-war era, the expulsion was a dark and uncomfortable chapter for both sides, but today, a growing number of young citizens want to know who were those germans who called what is today the czech republic their home? the young people in this town, for example, are starting to dig deep into their towns archives. >> the sleepy little village in the northwest of the czech republic used to be largely german speaking. but there are precious few chases of that passed today, and not just because of the case -- there are precious few traces of that passed today. that history is still visible if you take a look. in the village church. this cemetery is full of names like kaiser and dietrich.

>> most of the residents then were german, but that has been overlooked in recent decades. people want to forget. many of them were themselves resettled after the war, so they were not interested in the explosion of the germans. >> this is home to many young families who moved here recently from prague. he is one of those people who wanted to know about the history of the village. he and others tracked down some of his former -- some of the former german-peking residents to the annoyance of other locals. m a people were scared of the issue and what it might reveal.

many locals were content to tell themselves that the germans were expelled because they were bad. but what we are finding is that they were people like me and you who were expelled unfairly. >> the war ended 68 years ago, but the issue of the former german-speaking population has resurfaced. the former prime minister played on war-related anti-german sentiment in his recent unsuccessful bid to become president. he claimed that his arrival intended to compensate the expelled. richard richter is one of the few german speakers to have moved back to the place of their birth. a few years ago, he bought the land where his family's house had once stood. he is trying to heal those old wounds with his neighbors, wounds that were reopened in the

presidential campaign. >> it was a very dirty campaign. he was beating the anti-poaching drum -- anti-deutsche drum. most of those are not dead. i am from the younger generation. i came back home, but i have not taken anything away from anyone. >> despite the anti-german rhetoric from politicians, even the older generation are rethinking their views. there is increasing acknowledgment of the village's german-speaking past and of the harm done by the election campaign. they are talking about tv reports on the alleged plans to compensate the expellees. the friends agree that it is largely political propaganda. the new residents here have

broken a taboo. among the progress of moves has been the restoration of the old german world war i memorial. there are also plans for a local history exhibition. >> the election campaign highlighted old fears in an abstract way, but those fears fade away when people actually examine the issue, like here. the politicians were targeting the underprivileged in society. >> this is just one of a number of towns and villages not acknowledging their german- speaking heritage. some have refused to let the populist rhetoric in prague put them off. a new crucifix now stands in the center of the village. one half is made of oak and the other of limewood, signaling the two national trees and the hope of reconciliation. >> it is only with the heart

that one can see rightly what is essential is admissible to the eye. wrote a french philosopher exactly 70 years ago. these days, let's face it -- much importance is placed on looks. we have developed a number of tricks to improve them -- make up, nice clothes, worked out at the gym. some take it step further and seek help from plastic surgeons. men have long been just as concerned about their appearance as women. in turkey, for example, a growing number of men are undergoing facial hair transplant surgery. it is becoming big business. >> welcome to istanbul, a new national hub of help tourism. many visitors are from the united arab emirates and saudi arabia. these two men are from dubai, but they are not here for dental work and organ transplants or a

knit and top. what they want is hair -- facial hair. >> they feel follicle challenge, which makes it tough to get ahead in dubai, where a full beard is a status symbol. their plight prompted them to book a transplant package in turkey, one of many deals that cover flights, surgery, and accommodation. >> we saw a report in a magazine about beard transplants in istanbul. we had never heard about that before. after some friends said they were happy with the surgery that had, we were happy to do it, too. >> this upscale neighborhood in

istanbul is home to many fashion trends, including cosmetic surgery. the array of specialist doctors here offer everything from breast enhancement to liposuction and more recently, facial hair transplants. the first step for the visitors from dubai is a preliminary checkup. he already has facial hair, but in his opinion, it is just not manly enough. >> having a beard in the gulf is crucial. there are too many patches in my beard. i want to have them filled in with new hair. >> the doctor maps out his plan. a bit more here for the cheeks

and above the upper lip. most importantly, the chin area. >> we will take care from the back of his head, and he really will not notice it because it is so thick there. because the hair has very fine roots, it is great for transplanting. >> sporting a full beard and whiskers is also a big deal among native men in turkey. >> a mustache makes you more of a man. >> there are thin, long ones, and there are short ones in the middle.

>> i do not have any hair on my head now, so i compensate with my beard. it suits me. >> it suits some men but not all. some men grow hair in places where you do not need it. >> god wanted men and women to look different to each other, so it is a command from god. >> the booming beer business also involves barbers, of course. >> just as with other aspects of the fashion world, according to this expert, the media exert a major influence on trimming trends. >> we are now seeing more young men growing beards as well. it probably has something to do with the highly-rated tv shows on right now about the ottoman era. >> while conventional tourists

check at the bosporus of the blue mosque, he is still in the clinic getting his bandages removed. the transplants took eight hours. he now has a few thousand shares fewer on the back of his head but has gained a new beard. he will be able to shave it in just two weeks time, assures the doctor, but that is the last thing this patient is planning. >> the surgery went well. the result is just what i was hoping for. >> he reckons it is a sight to behold. then he heads off with his friend to see some traditional sites. their first stop is the famous huckabee palace, which features a hair from the beard of muhammed -- the famous topkapi palace, which features a hair from the beard of mohammed. >> that ends this episode. thank you for joining us.

until next time,