it is also said to be under opposition control. this amateur footage from the internet shows demonstrators destroying symbols of the gadhafi regime. libya's state-run television is trying to play down the on grass. instead of showing the ongoing violence, did suggest that everything is business as usual. those fleeing the upheaval in the capital are putting their lives at risk. >> they grabbed us while they were leaving, and tortured us. >> the suppression has triggered a mass exodus. more and more libyans hoping to flee the country are making their way to border crossings with tunisia and egypt.

>> i spoke with our correspondent who is on the border between egypt and libya. he told us more about the situation there and about who is in control. >> i am on the egyptian side. the other side, where the libyan part of the border is, nobody is there in charge. the libyan border patrol left their position and it is completely open. anyone who comes from libya -- >> anti-government protesters are claiming that they are in control of much of libya outside of tripoli. can you confirm that? >> when you talk to people, they have different stories. those who come from the east are telling the story that the city has been taken over by the anti

it-muammar gaddafi forces. they are setting up road blocks. they are regulating the traffic. i think we have similar scenes that we had in cairo after mubarak. we had people going out and clean their city. the west is a completely different story. khaddafi is in charge. people are -- gaddafi is in charge. people are telling stories about how they were chased in the streets. very different story if you come from the west or the east. >> that was our correspondent speaking to us on the border between egypt and libya. on al i have read abraham, he is with the human rights watch in new york. i understand that you have been in contact with hospitals in the

libya. as is this crack down as brutal as the images suggest? >> i am afraid it is. we have been speaking with witnesses and doctors and hospitals. we have up to 300 dead, but that is a conservative number. we have only spoken with a select group of people. the telephone lines are down in tripoli. [inaudible] >> we are having some problems with the line. we will stay with you. the european union is threatening sanctions against libya. what would you like to see the international community do right now? >> the violations are serious. we have about 300 deaths, at

least. the action now needs to be go beyond words. we are talking about targeted sanctions against the libyan leadership. that means muammar gaddafi and his family and senior look -- senior lieutenants. he's -- asset freezes should be in place. a key element here is accountability. make it clear that the people do use of multiple force against demonstrators will be held accountable by international justice. that can help protect protesters can stop the bloodshed. >> your suggestions are rather clear. why do you think we are hearing so little from the white house? >> the white house has been muted and its criticism. one concern they have is getting their staff out of tripoli. this is a legitimate concern. the u.s. also has to play a key role here.

it is astonishing to me that we have not seen president obama waited on this. but there was ever a case of arab state people in our country stepping up and saying, we demand more freedom, this is in it. it deserves his support. the u.s. has a lot of leverage and the world to mobilize international pressure on behalf of the libyan people. >> thank you very much for joining us. >> thank you. >> outside the foreign ministry here in berlin, lydian protesters on wednesday staged a show of solidarity with the opposition in their home country. demonstrators called on the european union and the german government to take concrete steps against libya. they want the international community to freeze muammar gaddafi's assets. they also want a no-fly zone

over libya. in saudi arabia, the king has a $25 billion social benefits planned for his citizens. he was greeted with an elaborate welcome ceremony. he pledged perret's is, unemployment benefits, and affordable housing. the benefit comes as other arab nations are being rocked by popular protests over poverty, corruption, and suppression. one of those nations is yemen, where it appears that the president is losing support in his own party. seven members of parliament resigned on wednesday in protest over violence used against demonstrators. we knew that rallies were held in several cities on tuesday. they're calling on the president to step down. he has ruled yemen for 32 years.

at least 11 people have been killed in protest related violence. all this unrest in the middle east is affecting the price of a barrel of oil. >> in new york, oil prices have topped $100 for the first time since october of 2008. numerous european countries are shutting down their oil production and refineries and putting out their foreign stocks. it is beginning to make itself felt at the pumps in europe. >> drivers and italy have become acutely aware of the libyan situation as prices surged at the patrol, correct -- petrol pumps. italy consumes a quarter of libyan oil and gas output.

libya's share of global oil production is modest compared to saudi arabia, which produces over 6 million barrels a day, and of russia. iran produces 2.2 million barrels. lydia ranks 17th in the world. analysts are worried that on rest in the region could disrupt supply. >> the problem is that we have a fear factor in the market. people are worried that this could spread like wildfire. the risk is enough to make the market nervous. >> some traders have been profiting from the fear factor. with no immediate improvement in sight, while prices could keep rising for now. -- oil prices could keep rising for now. >> that is a major rebound for the nationalized bank.

it says it hopes to start paying interest during the course of the year. that was impossible last year. european stocks are taking a hit from the libyan crisis on wednesday. >> the german dax was in free fall. this could harm the worldwide recovery. european oil companies are shutting down production in the libya. shares tumbled becauscompany ise libyan oil. the german stock market, shares have suffered most. the higher oil prices, this could place the european central bank to raise interest rates. currency traders believe this was driving up the euro.

>> let's have a look at the closing numbers in france. losing over one place 5% -- 1.5%. the dow industrial is losing again this wednesday. the bureau is at $1.37. demonstrators in central athens threw bombs at riot police. the clashes took place ahead of a rally by a country that made millions. there are growing concerns that the measures are having the opposite effect. >> in germany, a scandal surrounding academic honesty. the german defense minister has been stripped of his doctorate by its alma mater, the give --

the university of bayreuth. rüdiger bormann -- the german parliament debated the issue on wednesday. >> a defense minister on the defensive. a militate -- a humiliating appearance before parliament. >> what kind of pathetic example is that? team to acquire your doctorate. [applause] >> dr. guttenberg, he said that you want to be measured by the same standards that apply to others. if that is true, you should not be sitting there today. he should have resigned. [applause] dr. guttenberg has refused to resign. >> if one has the strength to

apologize for one's mistakes in public, it does not necessarily have to have political repercussions. [applause] >> during an earlier parliameary grilling, guttenberg was repentant. once again acknowledging that he had made a grave errors. >> i was certainly a brash enough to believe that i could succeed in squaring the circle. as a father of small children, i could combine my political and academic work. >> the opposition says the scandal has weakened guttenberg, especially now that his degree has been rebuffed. >> the government in new zealand has confirmed that 71 people were killed in tuesday's earthquake. that number will rise. the country's civil defense

minister says he is not certain how many people are still missing. early reports had spoken of up to 300 on accounted for. this is the second time in five months that new zealand's second largest city has been rocked by severe earthquakes. government says that help is arriving from japan and the united states and australia. >> rescue workers are still searching for survivors. one of the lucky ones was a woman buried beneath the rubble of one of the worst hit buildings. teams were able to safely free her. it was cause for celebration. [applause] >> one of the bleakest days -- the sun came out at the same morning that they removed anne from that building. >> the hopes are fading. >> i heard from my friend -- i

heard that my friend did not come out. >> of board is called off the search at the canterbury tv building, saying that the damage was too severe. some who were in sides have yet to be located. -- some who were inside have yet to be located. >> we still have survivors. we have to make that choice. it is a hard choice. >> the search continues for the more than 300 people who are still missing. >> stay with us. we will have an in-depth look at tunisia after the revolution that toppled the president. we'll be back in 1 minutes. stay tuned.

>> welcome back everyone. inspired by a successful uprisings in egypt and tunisia, the people of iran and libya are taking to the streets to demand reform. -- the people of bahrain and libya. they are being matched with the brutal opposition. in bahrain, the situation remains precarious. even in tunisia, where the government is no longer in power, change is still a long way off. the economic situation there is a dire and there is little hope that it will change soon. tourism has dropped off. the mediterranean resorts in tunisia have seen a huge plunge

in booking. the tourists from europe and the united states to travel to the region at this time of year are opting for other countries. it is understandable, but bitter, for the locals whose lives depend on income from tourism. >> of the mediterranean sea, sound, sunshine, and palm trees. tin is yet is usually a paradise, -- tim these yet, is usually a paradise, but the beaches are empty. usually, the palm beach hotel would be 40% booked. that is on the case now. >> unfortunately, the hotel is empty. at this time of day, i guess would be lounging beside the pool or having lunch. but no one is here. it hurts me to see the. -- to see this.

>> there is nothing for the hotel staff to do except keep the grounds in shape and the guests will return soon. during the high season, 120 people work here. at the moment, it is just 15. >> everyone lives from tourism. it is not only the hotels that are affected, restaurants, taxi drivers have no customers. for severe and post cards sellers, life has come to a standstill. >> he is one of those suffering from the downturn. he is a cut in a restaurant, mullin emitted -- but when he visits the markets to go shopping, he only needs to buy the bare essentials his wages have been drastically cut, but at least he has not been fired from his job. he has a wife and two daughters to feet. food prices have shot up dramatically.

>> they cost five times more than they used to. it is an impossible situation bread no one can afford these prices. what are we supposed to do? >> tennessee ups -- tunisia's uprising have given the people a source of freedom. >> things are not going well. tourists are staying away. things have ground to a halt. people are scared about what is going to happen and many of them have lost their jobs. we need more time. >> difficult times lie ahead. the country is still politically unstable and its economy is suffering badly. the country lost more than a billion euros during the revolution and. tourism has been the greatest source of foreign exchange in the past. when they stay away, that hurts the economy. >> i am 350 dinard's this week.

that is not even 200 euros. i still have to pay a fee for my stand. i have paid out more than i earned. >> look, here is that dog. may god per sempre it looked at what i am doing to him. -- make god curse him. look at what i am doing to him. >> it is clear that much more needs to be done then just destroying images. " a lot of young people are thinking of leaving. everyone is talking about -- they are leaving from every beach in tunisia. the once you have the jobs are not going. most people here are not employed and they have begun to steal. we need money and prices are rising and there is no work. we're being forced to steal. >> many fear it will return to dictatorship as evidence of elements of the old system are still functioning.

corruption and oppression -- it is not a free society yet. >> the police will not,. otherwise, they would come. that is when there would be problems. they still want bribes. they still money from the people. -- they steal money from the people. >> increased crime could trigger social unrest. this man has turned to selling oranges. it is not how the usually earns a living. >> i know nothing about oranges. i run a souvenir shop. normally, i wear a suit and tie. i would give all of my orange as a way to work again in the tourist industry. this is not my profession, but i have a wife and children. i cannot afford to just sit around. >> he goes back to work and the

taj mahal with a few items. the terraces are completely empty. the restaurant owner weights, resigned to his fate. it is the price they're paying for freedom, they say. he is afraid that democracy will only come about internees yet in the long term if its people are economically secure. >> the dictatorship has not been completely swept away. i am afraid it will return. things would be better get the tourists returned. >> the country is trying to attacked -- attract those tourists with special offers. >> a few people will council, but there will be also some that will be curious. they want to come to see what has changed since the revolution. the same thing happened in

berlin. the people wanted to know what berlin looked like after the fall of the wall. >> they say they already have plenty of sunshine and a new political climate. all they need now is for the tourist to return to their new democracy can flourish. >> earlier, we spoke to our correspondent in brussels. >> the you can provide money -- that you can provide money. -- the eu can provide money. to help with reconstruction improved the spanish government has put forward the idea that there is money that is gun used in the old mediterranean union. that money could be used to.

it would also like to see a kind of european bank of reconstruction and development. the kind of thing that was set up for eastern europe. to make money available in nation building. we have had the italian foreign minister calling for a marshall plan to help these countries to build democracy, to build a judicial system for a country to work properly. >> does europe have to worry about a flood of migrants from the region? >> there is a concern about that. there has been some worry expressed from italy. they want to stop that because they feel that if they build the country's back, the migrants will stop. >> that was our brussels correspondent. that has been our report.

thank you for the company.

renaissance. 15 years ago the highest spiritual leader of the buddhist religion, they rr -- the dalai lama invited neuroscientists to study the minds of monks while they were meditating. they used brain scan technology. these scientists have now proven meditation changes the way the brain functions. meditation is often called, particularly today, mindfulness. in this easter season of spiritual renewal, some believe that mindfulness can literally transform society. question, is mindfulness the key to individual and social

harmony? can mindfulness literally transform society and does a healthy mind mean a healthy body? >> behl ask -- we'll ask jon kabat-zinn an expert on stressfulness reduction. if. for such a small word it packs a wallop. if i live to a hundred. if social security isn't enough. if my heart gets broken. if she says yes. we believe if should never hold you back. if should be managed with a plan that builds on what you already have. together we can create a personal safety net, a launching pad, for all those brilliant ifs

in the middle of life. you can call on our expertise and get guarantees for the if in life. after all, we're metlife. >> dr. kabat-zinn, welcome. >> thank you. >> nice to be here. i'd like to talk to you about the relationship between meditation and the human brain. and the name occurs in the literature besides your own is that of richard davidson and his experimentations with science, what science has contributed to our knowledge of the subject. you know richard davidson. >> yes, i do. and i have worked with him and we published a paper together on the effects of meditation on the brain and the i am tune system. >> -- immune system. what takes place in the brain when meditation occurs, and do those monks who have meditated for a period of years, say 20

years, do they have a different condition of the brain as a result of the meditation? >> yes. very much so. let me start by saying just so people understand meditation isn't mystical or magical. it is really a way of paying attention in a particular way we're all capable of. on purpose, in the present moment and nonjudgmentally. and the many different things people can build on, the quality of one's attention. if you start to pay attention to how we're paying attention, you wind up realizing very, very quickly our mind is like got a life of its own and it is all over the place all the time. it tends to be fairly scattered. and even when you try to sit down and think about something, and concentrate on it, as any student knows, after a few seconds, the mind is off someplace else and you have to keep bringing it back. the work that you're referring to that dr. davidson is doing,

he's been doing for many, many years affective neuro science shall the study of the way the emotions are regulated by the brain. so hisarticular interest is in emotional expression. and --. >> did he undertake brain scans and electroencephalogram at the suggestion of the dalai lama? >> he has been working in the field for 35 years and some time ago as part of the mind and life institute which holds periodic conversations between the dalai lama and western scientists, that dr. davidson has been a part of for a very long time, the dalai lama suggested that it might be wonderful for neuroscientists to begin to study advance meditative practices. what were the contusion? -- conclusions. this is in the infancy. he has just published a few

papers about it and more in the pipeline. one of the things that he found published a few months ago in the national academy of sciences. monks practicing 20, 30, 40 years on a regular basis can show patterns of sink crow anyization in regions of the bra inthat are impossible for novices to do. huge differences in the way these people can actually regulate brain function across the entire surface of the cerebral cortex. baseline gamma activity patterns. >> yes. >> the monks have it? is that an advantage to their way of life? >> well, at this point in time, the only thing we can say is that they are showing patterns in the brain that have never been seen before by neuroscientists and hasn't been postulated that they could do that. >> where is the center of the

human brain. there is no center for meditation, and for many any other things. like there used to be thought to be a pain center. pain a very somatically based center, it is distributed across many different domains, including the limb big system. how about the left prefrontal cortex. >> it has to do with this region of the brain right behind the forehead. yes. >> and that is in part certain regions of that are involved in the processing of negative emotions under stress. and the right prefrontal cortex, and this is work dr. davidson has done for many years, when you see people at baseline who come into the lab and have an electro tap put on them and are studied with eeg or fmri for that matter, when their brains are studied, it turns out that

people who have more activity on the right side of the prefrontal cortex end to describe themselves as nervous, jittering, uptight. like that. but those who have more left sides, describe themselves as easy going to going. >> meditation pays off. that was without meditation. we showed in another study. who we trained in mindfulness based stress reduction shift the ratio of left to right -- more to the left. the same direction the monks show. is it a stress reducer? >> there's no question it is a stress reducer. you know stress -- you know better than i do, the -- of the impact of stress, the negative impact on blood pressure, on strokes, on heart disorders; correct? >> it is huge.

absolutely huge. what is more, if you ask large audiences whether they are under more stress now or less than 25 years ago, what you get is laughter. because everybody realizes the levels of stress in the society are going astronomical. there was a paper publishes in the proceedings of the national academy of sciences that shows a very interesting thing about stress, the repeat units of dna at the ends of all chromosomes, they shorten at an accelerated rate if you're experiencing greater stress. that shows that stress can actually accelerate the aging process up to say, 10, 15 years taken off your life, depending on the your capacity to deal with the various stress that you're -- you have in your life. you have written a 600-page book here. >> yes, i did. >> "coming to our senses, healing ourselves and the world." we'll come to that in a meant

through mindfulness. >> first of all, you quote at the top of the chapter, no attachments. there is a joke that goes, have you heard the one about the buddhist vacuum cleaner. are you kidding, what on earth is a buddhist vacuum cleaner. you know, no attachments. >> that means no material attachments; correct? >> exactly. then you go on to say -- >> no attachments to anything. >> donald tonby one of the greatest historians who lived. you said he has commented that the coming of buddhism to the west would be seen in time as the single-most important historical event of the 20th century. pretty wild statement in it. >> there is wildness in it. whenever you make a global statement like that it is wild. >> you're not a buddhist. that's right. >> this is not religion. exactly. talk mindfulness.

it is an areligious concept. the buddhists have practiced this in the course of their religion. but you don't have to do it in any religious context. >> interesting thing about buddhism. the buddha wasn't a buddhist. >> buddha was not a biewdit. no, but jesus was not a christian either. so in that sense -- the way i see the buddha and, say, christ as well as these profound geniuses of their time, who saw very, very deeply into the nature of reality. would you think that -- considering the other propositions that you make rather compellingly in your back -- book about the transformation of society that can be achieved. and the world. >> as the subtitle says. yes. that toinby may be right.

i suspect he may be right but it may be hundreds of years to know. what is happening is a convergence of different types of cultures. you see what i am suggesting is the world is shifting to a deeper understanding of itself and what we have done from an evolutionary point of view with the species, home mow same against, same against sapns. virtually all of the history is only 5, 6000 years old. that's only 5, 6 generations since the beginning of recorded history. i'm saying in a way our species is still like in knee socks, you know, in short -- >> not even that. >> lower than that. recognize itself. right. >> and part of it is to become intimate with the human mind. what the buddha did, he, if you will, the scientist of the human mind.

he didn't have any equipment, instrumentation at his disposal, he used his own mind to examine the mind. and he discovered fairly universal laws of the nature of the mind and suffering and psychology. and now what we're doing is we're able to use instrumentation to actually see the degree to which people are buddhists or not can transform the nature of their own minds so we're not so caught up in our impulses around violence, around anger, around fear, around all of the things that actually create huge amounts of harm and suffering both so to ourselves and others. emotional component of it that we can learn to regulate that. >> will mindfulness help you to be happy? and to live longer? we'll put those questions to our guest. but first here is his distinguished profile. born new york city. 60 years of age. wife mila.

three children. bs chemistry. massachusetts institute of technology, hpd. molecular biology. university of massachusetts medical center. 15 years, men's rowing team, 1984. university of massachusetts medical school center for mindfulness and medicine, healthcare and society executive director five years, board member three years and currently, cambridge insight meditation center, board member, 19 years and currently. mind and life institute, boulder, colorado, a group that organizes dialogues between the dalai lama, vis chair of the board and crefntly. just published, coming to our senses. healing ourselves and the world through mindfulness. also, earlier best sellers "wherever you go, there you are"

"full catastrophe, living and every day blessings." >> hobbies, running, inline skating, swimming, cosmology, string theory, high energy physics, backpacking and kayaking. name. >> -- jon kabat-zinn. >> dr. jon kabat-zinn. who is william james. >> he is spoken as of the father of american psychology. >> here's a quote from him. the faculty of voluntarily bringing back a wandering attention over and over again is the very root of judgment, character and will. that means the power of voluntarily bringing back and focusing it. the wandering attention. no one is in possession of his faculties if he have it not. an education which should improv the faculty would be the education power excellence. but it is easier to divine this

ideal than give practical instructions for bringing it about. you do give a lot of practical instructions to bring it about. yes, this is a demonstration of william james' lack of awareness of what buddhist meditation is all about. it is only 2600 years old at this point. so it was around but he didn't have access. but isn't it interesting, the emphasis he puts on the requirement to be able to concentrate and to focus. exactly. >> now, do you find that because of the high tempo of the age in which we live, it is very difficult to concentrate? you're not kidding. for everybody. but particularly difficult, is it not, for the younger generation, they see everything digitally and very fast, and in using the computer they are dealing with units of cognition, one at a time. and i have detected this and i'm faulting the younger generation for this -- or maybe the older

generation for not making it not happen. but as a consequence, there is a wandering of attention. and a fa failure to connect one unit of cognition to another. do you think that's an exaggeration? >> i don't know. i think it is very hard to speak about a whole generation and what is happening. in many ways the kids that do computer games they are extremely rapid of processing of information and older people who were born before that technology was available just can't learn to do it that way. >> do they see the bigger picture. all linked up in a larger frame. >> i think many do, time will well. we don't know yet. what james is pointing at is something that's fundamental, true in the 19th, 20th and 21st century. if you watch your mind for any period of time at all, you'll see it goes here and there. and it goes here and there. >> you head up the stress reduction clinic program. i want to move this on to the

medical applications of your discipline. now, -- >> well let me connect this up. >> what is the stress reduction. about a minute and a half. >> the stress reduction clinic is called mindfulness-based stress reduction is basically a program that has spread around the world and treats people in mindfulness. >> how many people have you trained. 16,000 people. >> all medical patients. where did you do it? >> worcester, massachusetts, university of massachusetts medical school. >> what is entailed. an 8-week program where you come for 2 and a half hour class for 30 or 35 other medical patients all with different diagnoses. when the mind wanders you bring it back, mind wanders you bring it back, you don't want to bring it back, you're having a good time wandering, but you still bring it back. you train the mind that has also a quality of penetrative

awareness. do you use chemicals. >> this is meditation, not medication. you switch a consonant. >> this isn't about is about the natural capacity of human sore self-healing and learning and growing and transforming your body, mind and you. >> what is the level of instability in the participants? >> participants? >> instability. how psychologically unsable are they? >> i would say they are basically medically referred population, not a psychologically population. many suffer from anxiety and depression and so forth. so they are about as stable as you and i. you have a success ratio? >> that's hard to define. i would say at about the 58% level -- 85% level by think own reports. do you also head up the center for mindfulness. i am retired.

also at the university of massachusetts medical school. the larger umbrella that houses the stress reduction. did you move into broader areas there than do you at the stress center? >> that's why we established the center for mindfulness. we have run programs in prisons and studied that, and in the inner city for people who don't even speak english, latino population, for instance. we conducted it in spanish as well as english. we do lots of research and there's a lot of growing lit a hours on mindfulness-based stress reduction and a new form of cognitive therapy mindfulness cognitive therapy. used for depression and anxiety and things like that. you know very well since you quoted himself david abram's book the spell of the sense sue with us. -- sense sue with us.

i'm quoting you, including ourselves when we dwell in the wild. and he shares with us the rich dimensionty that gave birth us to and near tured us for hundreds of thousands of years and then you quote abram in the spell of the sensuous. the raven's loud guttural cry overhead is not circumscribed within a auditory field, visible, immediately the visible landscape with the wreckless style of mood proper through that jet black shape. marvelous wright. you and recapitulate this is saying -- your language, is no further than the sound of the rain tack then or the feel of the skin or the warmth of the sun on the backs or the look of the dogs eye when you come near. in a practical application of mindfulness, what you say that i draw a practical conclusion from, and can you correct me on

it --

>> the more you drop into your own truest best self, the more compassionate and wiser you'll be. you enhance your connectivity by going inside yourself. absolutely. there's no difference between

inside and outside. is there born out in one of our books? an odd -- by juan ramon jiminez. i have a feeling the boat has struck against a great thing and nothing happens. nothing. silence. waves. nothing happens? or has everything happened? and we are standing now quietly in the new life. you see, if we could understand and go through a shift like that, maybe iraq would be an entirely different thing. how we got there or not, how we hold could be transformed by mindfulness. does mindfulness plug you into something larger? >> yes, it does. i think it plugs you into silence for one thing, and silence is tremendously compound. >> does is connect you with any or human being? >> yes you're already connected

with it already cengts you. you feel it. >> you plug in. you plug in. that's a very mechanistic way of look at it. >> so great having you here, dr. jon kabat-zinn. good luck, and i'll have you back.

hello and welcome to nhk "newsline." i'm keikichi hanada in tokyo with the latest at this hour. international rescuers are stepping up their efforts to rescue survivors more than 48 hours after devastating earthquake hit christchurch, new zealand. new zealand police say the death toll has risen to 76, and 238

people are still missing. infrastructure is badly damaged. there is no running water in most areas, and electricity has been cut off in half of the city. about 650 people are sheltering at a stadium and in schools. others have left the city. a japanese rescue team with 66 members and three sniffer dogs arrived in christchurch on thursday. they quickly began work at the site of the collapsed six-story building where at least 120 people, including japanese students, are believed to be trapped. the rescue workers are using a construction equipment to remove the debris. local police say some bodies have been recovered from the site. their nationalities have not been confirmed. the team's deputy chief, yoshihiro katda says they're

doing their best to rescue survivors. >> reporter: it's a battle against time. we won't