texas is the journal 1 dw-tv. -- >> this is the journal on dw- tv. >> delayed stress test in arlin say banks need billions more to cover bad real-estate loans. >> and there are fresh fears of nuclear contamination in japan after reports of huge levels of radiation in ground water near the fukushima power plant. u.n. troops in the ivory coast have taken control of the

airport as the fighting there escalates. the united nations and the u.s. have called on the leader to step down and hand over power to demand -- the man international recognized to have one the last election. they have reached the outskirts of the city. >> cowering behind closed doors, these men in a hotel room in abidjan are in the same situation as many in the city, fearful of being caught in the crossfire. witnesses said businesses are closed and anyone who can has fled. shots have been heard ringing out over the city. for days, forces have been viewed -- losing ground. they have been called on to switch sides. >> to anyone who is still hesitating, whether generals,

officers, under officers, or soldiers of other ranks -- whoever you may be, i call on you to put yourself out the service of your country. >> on wednesday, the unit end security council -- the u.n. security council hit him with fresh sanctions and the body explicitly called on the election loser to finally hand over power. >> let's see if the ivers test results are in here. >> and not looking too good. the latest results show that the situations for -- the situation for ireland's banks havhas beguo worsen rather than get better. it may need to raise 24 billion euros to cover their loans. the 85 billion euro bailout has already been agreed upon with

the european union and the imf. >> bailing out the banks has already pushed ireland to the bank of -- the brink of bankruptcy. it has forced them to take loans from brussels. the bank lost huge amounts when the commercial sector burst. so far, ireland has had to pump 46 billion euros into its stricken banks, and a cash injection of another 24 billion euros would make 70 billion. that is almost half of the entire country's annual gdp. the irish finance minister created two new universal banks. >> for more on the stress test, i spoke earlier to our brussels correspondent, tony kolly. i ask first about the reaction

to the deal on the table. >> one said that at least it was not 40 or 50 million, the horrendous figures that had been floated recently. there is some relief that figure is within the 35 billion contingency, which is enshrined in the imf program for ireland, so we do not have to go back to tap a special mechanism of more money. but nonetheless, is a huge figure and put another burden on the irish state and ultimately, taxpayers will have to pay this money back. >> what will they do given that portugal may soon need an even bigger rescue package? >> right now, it does not appear that they will have to put their hands deeper into their pockets because there is 35 billion with the imf in that fund to cover

banking losses. the other thing the irish government had hoped to tackle was the senior bond holder where private investors, if you like, in irish banks would have to share some of the burden. it looks like the government has retreated from some of that. the weather that is under pressure from the ecb is not clear yet. >> and portugals problems are deep in with data revealed on thursday showing that the budget deficit is bigger than forecast for 2010. it is 8.6% of gdp, significantly overshooting the 7.3% originally estimated. it came after the inclusion of 1.8 billion euros in losses at the nationalized bank. the new caretaker government in portugal is sticking. the budget deficit will be down

2.46% of gdp. >> as the u.s. debate its future role in a libyan conflict, defense officials in washington have slam the brakes on any prada american participation. defense secretary robert gates says there will be no ground troops in the as long as he is on the job. guay to sketch out a largely limited role for the country's military. he also said that some other country could train the rebels trying to oust muammar gaddafi. fighting between rebels and muammar gaddafi's troops continues. >> their attacks failed and hours later, rebels are forced to retreat. despite almost two weeks of u.n.-backed air strikes, the gaddafi regime is far from won.

the u.s. defense secretary said his military would not provide rebels with training. >> in terms of providing the training, in terms of providing assistance to them, frankly, there are many countries that can do that. that is not a unique capability for the u.s. and as far as i'm concerned, somebody else should do that. >> nato, which has taken over formal command of the military operations, has rejected the idea of arming the rebels. its mission has been limited to infrastructure and ground troops. it says it will continue enforcing a u.n. arms in barbaro. >> nato will fully implement parts of the u.n. security council resolution, that is, we are there to protect the libyan people, not to alarm people.

>> it has emerged that the u.s. and britain have set -- sent a secret intelligence agents into libya, despite their insistence they will not use ground troops to help overthrow gaddafi. >> as we heard in that report, nato is unwilling to arm libyan civilians. why are member nations divided over the issue? >> it is simply because the number of nato nations -- a number of nato nations have made it clear they do not believe that will be covered by the current u.n. resolution under which nato is operating there. that resolution is designed primarily to protect civilian life, but it also sets up an arms embargo. therefore, a number of countries have made it clear that the idea of giving weaponry to one set of libyans would simply be a step too far. >> in yemen, their rival demonstrations for and against

the president there on thursday. thousands of anti-government protesters were joined by the members of armed forces, demanding that the president steps down. the opposition has rejected an offer that he stay in office through the end of the year with his presidential powers transferred to a caretaker government. the people have had a demonstration of their own, waiting drums and -- beating drums and waving pictures of the president. radiation levels at the fukushima power plant are 10 times above that of normal. but they do not believe the drinking water supply has been affected. germany is one of several countries providing the engineers there with technical support and equipment. >> this huge truck-mounted pump is on its way to japan. the german equipment will be

used to cool the reactors at the fukushima plant. the pump's telescopic arm is over 60 meters long, allowing workers to keep their distance when spring water at a radioactive target. >> they also have a built-in fire extinguisher. our palms were used during the reactor disaster in chernobyl as well. >> at french president nicholas sarkozy has arrived in tokyo, the first foreign leader to visit japan since the earthquake and tsunami hit almost three weeks ago. >> japan is a country that is always prepared and quick to assist when there are disasters elsewhere. the world recognizes this generosity. now it is time to return the generosity and solidarity. >> france is providing technical expertise to help japan deal with the nuclear crisis. french nuclear reactor maker is

advising on removing highly radioactive water from fukushima. meanwhile, radiation continues to lead from the plant. radiation levels beside the facility have risen to 4000 times the legal limit. they have now been detected radiation in the ground water in the area. at 50 kilometers away, newborn children are being checked for radiation. >> i am so scared about radiation in the water. as the situation continues, i get more worried. >> but the japanese government has not about to pressure to extend the 20 kilometer evacuation plan on the plan to, despite the recommendation of the iaea. >> thursday did bring more good news for germany's economy, new unemployment figures showed that the number of people out of work in europe's largest economy fell by over 100,000. the number of job-seekers in march came in at 3,210,000,

meaning the unemployment rate now stands at 7.6%. the federal labor agency says it expects unemployment to continue to decline in coming months as the german economy continues to strengthen. >> unemployment usually falls in the spring. that is when the construction sector tends to picks up -- to pick up after their winter lull. but this time, the improvement is also being driven by a general strengthening of the economy. >> demand for workers has increased by one percentage point. that is not much when compared to previous months, but is 1% of a large number. >> in the labor agency says the japan crisis has not affected the jobs market. there are fears a shortage of japanese supplies could halt some german production, but the agency says, there have been no

applications for short-time working benefits as a result. >> we will have more on the labour market coming up on the journal with heather. european shares went into decline in reaction to rising inflation data, and the expectation that will be leading to higher interest rates in the near future. our correspondents and does this summary from frankfurt. >> ireland and portugal are bearers of bad news in the eurozone, but the bureau was strong anyway. how does that fit together? the prices in the eurozone climbed by an annualised 2.6% in march. that is way too fast and way too much in the eyes of the european central bank. that is why everyone here in the financial markets agrees there will be a hike in the interest rates, the lead interest rates in the ecb next week and probably not the last one this year. that makes the euro more attractive. the up and down stock market

brings worries over the crisis in japan and in north africa. >> germany's blue-chip dax finished the day a little over 7031 point. across the atlantic in new york, the dow finished at the top of the hour at 12,00319. -- 12,319. an airline flight attendants struggling to lift his baguette a german airport led to the discovery of a three -- lift his bag at a german airport led to the discovery of a three-year point smuggling operation. prosecutors have arrested six people suspected of spot smuggling the coins scrapped by germany's central bank after

they were stuck back together in china. >> when euro coins get too old or damage, they are removed from circulation, broken apart, and sold off as scrap metal, some of them to china. that is where 29 metric tons of one and two your coins were pieced back together and exchanged for 6 million euros at the bundesbank. >> we began our investigation after we received reports of suspected money laundering from certain banks. as part of our investigation, we discovered a flight attendant at the airport who was carrying a very large number of coins in his luggage. >> lufthansa flight attendants appear to have been accomplices in this camp, reimporting the coins to germany. the case is particularly controversy and, since the bundesbank is the body responsible for removing the

money from circulation. >> you would think after three years his arms would have been a bit stronger. >> [laughter] police in germany have arrested a man they say was planning a bomb attack outside a soccer stadium. officers say they found and defused three devices at the bundesliga club borussia dortmund. the man's plan is unclear, but there is no indication that he had links to terrorist groups. germans -- the german foreign minister has a three-day visit to china. he said, china needed to press ahead with positive changes begun at the time of the olympic games. it is overshadowed by beijing's failure to issue a travel visa for part of his party.

on saturday, he is due to fly on to tokyo. you're watching the journal.

>> germans, both men and women, are working longer and going into retirement years later than their predecessors did in the 1980's and 1990's. that is the finding of an oecb report released in march, which finds that on average, men retire at 62 and women at 61. that puts germans just below the middle of 34 ranked nations. they retire later than workers in austria, luxembourg and france, but earlier than those in south korea, iceland, and japan, for example. many of them work until they are 70. hard-pressed to find and keep top notch labor, they are now attempting to accommodate the

work force. >> he works for the chemical giant's basf. he is 58. 52-year-old christina is a tram driver. and this musician is a pensioner at 67, but has no plans to retire. this man often uses the gym at the basf plant. the company offers facilities like these to help them keep it. >> it is important to help us concentrate. working nights and days can be demanding. we work a 12-hour shift, which means 14 to 16 days out and about. staying fit is important. >> and while basf wants its employees to stay fit, the company has also invested in the

work conditions. >> a few years ago, we had to stay outside, whatever the weather, and uncouple the tank cars and watched over them as they were being loaded. it is easier now, we have two cameras installed up there. we use them to keep an eye on things. >> up until a few years ago, older workers were just written off. now he has a warm room from. basf wants to keep skilled employees like him as long as possible. the young people with the necessary know-how are increasingly hard to find. the company installed this lived for its older workers. it means the over 50's can cover the workload, too. >> if you have to climb up those stairs two or three times, then you are exhausted. if you have to do it two or

three times a day, it takes it out of you. >> the workers need help with this job, too. basf invested in making it easier here as well. >> these sacks alway 25 kilos. we have to throw six or 7 tons of them into containers every night. this machine makes it a lot easier and our backs are not under as much strain. >> as the conditions are in place to keep older workers, for logger, this man is still taking -- keep older workers for longer, but this man is still taking early retirement. >> i cannot imagine wanting or being able to work here at 67. i am leaving year when i am 60. >> the seven years too early from basf's of you. employment researchers say the

earth -- the era of early retirement will soon be at an end. >> 10 years ago, about 40% of people over 55 were working. now it is more than half. we will see an increasingly bigger proportion of older workers in the future and that is something companies will have to prepare for. >> the drivers at the local transport corp. are, on average, almost 50 years old. this is a tram drivers, christina, age 52. conversations between colleagues here before the show begins often touched on pensions, early retirement, and the growing stress of traffic. >> your reaction time and

things, you get slower with age. because of the whole shift system, your happy when you have time off and can recover a little. especially for workers like me. >> varying shift * can have a mental effect. age has an effect. >> the ongoing change between day shift to ninth shift, sitting down for hours, and the attention of the traffic all take their toll on the health of the workers. but the employers only offer some physical therapy for back problems and reduced night shifts for older workers. khristine also wants to retire early. -- christina also wants to retire early. >> i do not want an -- want to work until i'm 67. when i am 62, i will have reached 45 years of paid employment. if someone would offer me something so i could take early

retirement, then i would accept it. >> she will have time to fulfill a few dreams. the >> i have not really thought about it. we like going places on holiday and always try to. if we could afford it, would like to see more of the world. >> the transport corporation would like to keep christina until she is 67, but to do that, this company, like many more in germany, needs to do more for its older workers. >> they have to offer health programs and they have to make it clear that older workers are welcome. so that these older workers do not write themselves off mentally when they are 50 or 55. in all, we need a new philosophy of management.

>> conrad has no plans to retire. he grew up in the former east germany. as a musician, a trombone player, he followed his own path even then. now he is 67 and he receives a state pension, but he wants to keep working. that is becoming increasingly uncommon. pensioners like him look for something to do to keep active. in his case, he does concert and studio work and composes music. >> if i had to live off of my pension, then things would be pretty sad. i paid in for 40 years and i was never that poorly off, but what i get now just covers the rent on my apartment.

♪ >> conrad and his colleagues do not work for a large company that can offer them support. there is no one to encourage them to take care of themselves cunha when despite their rage they have to get up and perform -- to take care of themselves. despite their age they have to get up and perform ha to take care of themselves. >> it would not be as much fun, especially not being able to play anymore. it would be terrible, enough to make you sick. now have to keep on playing until i drop. >> but not an ideal solution. a new approach is needed to work into old age. next germany's aging population, that has been our in-depth look

into the demographic problems. you are watching dw-tv. please stay with us if you can.

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- the world show is brought to you by kirchner private capital group. creating value for 25 years. and by... ♪ - hi, this is bob scully, and welcome to another edition of the world show, the authors

series. in 1987, i did what millions of other readers were doing: went out and bought a book that everybody was talking about, a legal thriller called presumed innocent by a young author named scott turow, who at the time was better known as a prosecutor and a lawyer than as an author. boy, has that changed. he wrote bestseller upon bestseller, and then in 2010 he published innocent, which features the same characters as in presumed innocent. another page-turner. here's scott turow. scott turow, innocent is a great book and we want people to read it, so we're certainly not going to give the plot away, and i won't, but i do want to start with a quote from page 47. one of the main characters is speaking: "i was a clerk myself 35 years ago to the chief justice of the state supreme court, philip goldenstein. like most law clerks, i still worship my judge. phil was one of those people called to public life by his passionate faith in humanity, believing that good lurked in every soul, and that his job as a politician

or a judge was merely to help let it out. that is the sentimental faith of another era, and certainly, if i have to be blunt, not one i ever took up. but my clerkship was a glorious experience nonetheless because phil became the first person to see great things for me as an attorney. i viewed the law as a palace of light whose radiance would erase the mean and crabbed darkness of my parents' home. being accepted in that realm meant my soul had acceded the tiny boundaries for which i had always feared i was destined". and there's a quality of golden idealism in there as spoken by the character, and he qualifies it a bit, but i think it's fair to say, though, as the book goes on, the law and everything else that goes with it gets bruised and scuffed a lot, and the book doesn't end with that same optimism. - right. right. well, you know, rusty sabich, my protagonist--

the protagonist of presumed innocent and now this sequel... i think you've picked out a really central passage, because his faith in the law as a transformative institution for himself, not just professionally but emotionally, is really central to who he is. and so the fact that he ends up sort of playing a little fast and loose with the law is an indication of the ways in which he's truly lost himself. - and again, without giving anything away, there's another protagonist there, mr. molto, who was also there 20 years ago, and he and sabich are facing off once again. and both will end up--i think it's fair to say-- they will both end up doing

"the right thing", but it hurts them to do it, and you can't help but wonder if you, the author, if you don't feel that the longer you are a judge or a lawyer, the harder it becomes to keep doing the right thing. - well, what i would... what i have observed in my life as a lawyer is that the higher the stakes in a case, the harder it ends up being for everybody to follow the rules. in a case where somebody feels either a personal interest--which tommy molto obviously does when it comes to rusty sabich--when that happens, when somebody's freedom is at stake, both sides tend to be a little reluctant to stay within the boundaries. defence lawyers--it's almost a culture in the criminal law that

a defence lawyer is supposed to, as the saying goes in the courtrooms, "raise the chalk", meaning that they've got to get right up to the line and trample on it a little bit just to prove they're doing their job. - and there's a lot of trade craft in there--sophisticated legal stuff--and i'm sure even lawyers either get a chuckle out of it or they're learning something. but i learn a lot. i mean, leaks seem to be used very easily, and then, when it's time to escape the press, you do something at 3am when you know they're not looking... - right. it must seem very insulting to a journalist. - well, actually, i thought there was worse in there, and the one guys says he long ago ceased to expect fairness from the press... - right. - i mean, part of me agreed with

that as well. but, for instance, issuing subpoenas to multiple witnesses you never intend to call just to confuse people as to whom you're really going to call. i mean, the trade craft gets pretty down and dirty. - right. right. you know, and that's... ...you know, weirdly, as i listen to you talk about it--the fact that everybody who's ever been subpoenaed is listed as a witness at the trial in order not to disclose who's really going to be called-- you know, that's so commonplace that i don't even think about it as down and dirty. but of course you're right, it is. it's meant to thwart the purpose of the discovery rules, which is to allow the other side to prepare-- - and keep others away that you're not gonna call but you still want them there on the list. - right, right. or the business that... this is really sort of a latter day development. when

i became a young prosecutor in 1978, our boss really forbade us from speaking to the press. there is no prosecutor in the united states anymore who feels that he or she can afford to do that. and so manipulation of the press, which is really a way to talk to potential jurors, is part of the trial process on both sides. but, again, is that supposed to happen? of course not. - and one thing i learned that really stunned me and went against what i had always heard, one of the lawyers in there tells another one, who's a neophyte, to be careful because 70% of acquittals in criminal cases come about when the defendant chooses to testify. i'd always heard from judges and lawyers that it's reversed--that it's the defendants that want to come out swinging, but defence lawyers hate that. they hold them back and

prevent them from testifying. - right. that's also true. they're not mutually contradictory. the number of cases where defendants get on the stand and talk themselves into trouble is... the statistic is not that 70% of the time when the defendant testifies, he or she gets acquitted; it's that 70% of acquittals come when the defendant has testified. and there are plenty of cases where a lying defendant gets him or herself into all kinds of hot water. generally speaking,e trul justice system, if it's working at all, people accused of a crime should be guilty. and most of them are, and therefore there's not a lot that they can say on their own behalf. so defence lawyers don't

like to see them on the witness stand, unless it's somebody like rusty sabich, who is an esteemed judge and somebody that a jury would assume could speak for himself. - and they'll be disappointed if he doesn't. - right, right. - and another stunner in there, the defence lawyer calls his defendant--his client--to the stand in his defence first before all other witnesses. i mean, is that ever done? - yeah, i think it's been done. i can't remember the case that i was thinking of. it's very unusual. i know it happened while i was in the us attorney's office, and it did indeed catch the prosecutors unaware. it's very, very rare, though. usually the defendant is the last witness to testify. you want the jury to go off with his words ringing in their ears,

and you also want to be able to accommodate in his testimony for anything that has happened, including the possibility the defence case has gone so well that you want to backtrack on your decision for the defendant to testify. - i remember speaking with conrad black after he had been convicted in chicago, speaking in palm beach after the conviction but before he went to jail, and--i think it was in your neck of the woods, actually. - yes, it was. it was in the courthouse in which i cut my teeth as a lawyer. - and he was explaining to me, he originally wanted to testify on his own behalf, but in the classic manner the lawyer said, "no, no, no. don't do that". and one of the things they brought up with him to sort of convince him was that, in the us federal criminal justice system, over 90% of cases are won by the people--by the government--and it's very, very tough to get

your say in, and the deck is stacked in a way. is this kind of a huge machine to convict? - well, again, in the federal system, the prosecutors have the luxury of picking their cases, so they shouldn't really take anybody to trial where they don't think they're going to win, and they shouldn't take anybody to trial where they don't think they deserve to win. so it is true that 90% of the cases that are indicted in the northern district of illinois, which is chicago, result in a conviction. it's not true that 90% of the cases that go to trial result in a conviction. the 90% includes guilty pleas. so some of the cases that are tried are the ones where the evidence is the thinnest.

what lord black was saying is what i have listened to my clients say for the past 25 years since i became a defence lawyer, and they are in some cases and have been people like lord black who occupied positions of tremendous power. and they express shock and amazement that the system can be as harsh as it is, that their rights, which they've always thought were hallowed, seem so few when they get into a tussle with the government. as i said, it's high stakes and it's bare knuckles in the way a criminal trial and criminal investigation are conducted. - now, even though a lot of political opinions get expressed in there via a character in their mind or in their speech, i get the feeling sometimes that the deus ex machina behind it-- namely, you--is actually

speaking for himself. for instance, i get the feeling that the patriot act is a gross exaggeration and an abuse of the law. - i do think the patriot act is an extraordinary rewriting of the rules that i came of age with. the one that bothers me most is that the government is allowed to command people to keep silent so that, you know, if they go to your doctor and get your medical records, they can also get an order prohibiting your doctor from telling you that fact. and that troubles me. i don't think that's right, but, you know, maybe i'm just being an old fart, because-- - you seem to think the supremes will reverse it one day. - you know, i think that they have to. if you really review the assumptions of the system,

that turns every citizen into a piece of the criminal justice apparatus and requires them to go further than historically they ever have. it's one thing to say a citizen's required to raise a human cry when a crime has been committed, but quite another when they have no personal knowledge that a crime has been committed to simply have to abide by the government's wishes about keeping silent. that imposes a burden on a citizen that i think goes much too far. - some of your characters get the first person--they get to speak in the first person and in the present tense. other characters are spoken of in the third person and in the past tense. in other words, in some cases, the characters get to narrate their own story, and in other cases, their story is narrated. and i took that as an indication that you were closest to or "favoured", quote-unquote,

those speaking in the first person and the present tense. - i'm not sure that that's completely true, although it's definitely true that i have a long-term bond with rusty sabich, who is certainly, i think, my most famous character, due to the movie that was made with harrison ford playing the part. but i think it has more to do with the way that i started writing about these characters in earlier books. both rusty sabich and tommy molto have appeared in earlier books, molto with some frequency. and i've always talked about him in the third person. - yeah, it's true. - and the piece of fiction that preceded innocent is a book called limitations and there's a lot of writing about tommy there in the third person. so i think that what i did

unconsciously is that i just reverted to the voices in which i had talked about these characters--or for these characters--in the past. all of that being said, i acknowledge that there's something somewhat bizarre about the fact that the sections in the early part of the book written from tommy molto's point of view are meant to be the present storyline. they're in the past tense, and rusty's present-tense narration is meant to be in the past. - also, i don't know if it's the publisher or if it's you, and this is something i'd never seen before, and it's not a bad idea, and it works: for the first half of the book, more or less, at the beginning of each chapter, the timeline is drawn above the actual chapter so that we don't get confused, because all these various storylines will meet at some point in the present, and then that technique is dropped. was that your idea? - it was my idea. my beloved

editor, deb futter, thought it was ham-handed. but i thought-- and, frankly, from what you notice, the present tense and the past tense are somewhat misplaced in the book-- that since i wasn't really playing fair with readers, i needed to give them a hand. and the timeline turns out to be very popular. i've had hundreds of readers at this point thank me for it. - places also recur in the book in addition to characters, and i think it's in wikipedia or something like that i read that people had sort of tried to figure it out from book to book, and kindle county would be somewhere in downstate illinois, and there's some tantalizing hints in this book, but have you ever come clean on that, or do you plan to keep them guessing? - well, i've always said that kindle county lies somewhere south of milwaukee,

north of st. louis, west of cleveland, and east of kansas city. in other words, it's a midwestern metropolis. chicagoans know that it bears a great resemblance to cook county. but it's a slightly smaller city than chicago. - at some point, tommy molto is talking to a colleague, they've suffered a setback, and they're not happy, but molto says to the other lawyer, "listen, will have lived 500 years",up, meaning there's a lot of experience there and they can figure it out. and i thought that was a very interesting way of validating the jury system. - right. well, i think that... that's an observation that i heard once from a judge. and he was... you know, the jury system is always somewhat controversial, because there's complex ideas that they don't seem to be able to digest

as a group, and yet there is a kind of wisdom about human experience that juries always possess. and they're not so great when they've got to figure out the intricacies of patent law, but they're terrific when it comes down to understanding motive, and it's because the jury as a body is 500 years old. - at some point somebody says-- it sounds flippant, maybe you're over the top, but one of the characters says, "well, put al-qaeda in one of our county jails here, and you will find osama bin laden real quick". and i remember from presumed innocent, from 20 years ago, your depiction of jails was not very charitable either. so are we still, as in jack henry abbott's book, are we still "in the belly of the best" here with state and county jails? - i don't think that certainly

most big city county jails is a place where either you or i would like to spend much time. and to some extent, in illinois certainly, gang control has been modified in the penitentiaries, and every prisoner finds a way to make his accommodations. but it's... look, we mean no kindness to people when we imprison them, and it isn't kind, and it's a very, very harsh environment. but the county jails--a night in county jail for an upper- middleclass white person is often a harrowing experience, and that's what the observation is about. you know, to hell with foreign rendition; just throw an al-qaeda member in the kindle county jail, and they'll be

talking, they'll be singing names in the morning. - i noticed also, when you have a major revelation to make-- something big, one of the keys that turns the lock-- you tend to do it sort of matter-of-factly in the middle of a paragraph. for instance, there's one--probably the major revelation of the book--one of the characters happens upon the real explanation for the whole thing, but he dismisses it; he doesn't realize that he's found it, and he goes on to something else. you put that in the middle of a paragraph, and it's interesting. i mean, probably it's more fun for you, and in a way, it's a little bit tougher for the reader. - well, i think of myself as a realist novelist, which means that there's a lot of attention to detail. but i'm not gaming my readers. i want them to have an ability to recognize the clues. but the truth

of the matter is that's how evidence comes at us: within the welter of experience, and something that seems meaningless--you know, "my husband said he was going out for a paper"--ends up looming large when he never comes back. but there's no significance to it as it's going by in the moment. - i was very curious as the end approached, because you become, of course, very attached to these characters--some of them are quite likeable-- and so you think, "well, i hope nothing bad happens to him", or, "i hope she comes out all right". and as we got closer to the end, i found that-- and i'm not giving anything away here--the young couple will get a fair amount of happiness-- maybe deserved happiness-- but rusty, the hero, not quite as much. you didn't dole out as much happiness to him. but, of course, rusty is older.

- well, rusty's older, and rusty's been a lot stupider, so i... you know, there's... endings are hard. e.m. forster said that endings are in many ways the hardest part of a novel, because life goes on and novels do not. and it's an artificial part of the novel that it stops. but i thought long and hard about rusty and where he should be, and he's certainly... he ends up perhaps in a place that's better than some might think he deserves, so... but every reader can make his or her own judgments about that. - and i thought the main female character--again, not giving anything away--in here... deserved less happiness and

maybe a bit of punishment. she's not the villainess, but she's the irresponsible character in there, certainly-- at least i thought so. - well, you know, as rusty insists from the beginning, the principal responsibility in that situation lies with him. that may be a bit of a sexist or even ageist kind of a thing, but what we're talking about is an employer-employee relationship where he's well aware that his significance to this young woman is some kind of internal personal mythology that's a little out of control; whereas... i guess she's got similar importance to him, although he's been around the block and made the same mistakes and always knows better. - final question: none

of the people in here are in wheelchairs yet, so will we see more of them? - yeah, the answer is i don't know. i always said that i'd never write a sequel to presumed innocent, and having done it, i think i'm wise enough to just say we'll see. - scott turow, this is a great book, and i encourage people to read it, and thank you so much. - you're really nice. thanks very much for having me on. - scott turow's latest book, well worth the read, is called innocent, published by grand central, and that's the authors series of the world show for this week. i'm bob scully. have a great week. thanks. closed captioning by sette inc.

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