>> are welcome to "the journal." >> welcome. >> egyptian leader's appeal for, after more than 20 are killed in clashes between christians and security forces. the eu foreign minister slams cirio and belarus in a meeting in luxembourg. authorities in belarus acknowledge controversial software for spying on computer users. captioned by the national captioning institute --www.ncicap.org-- >> we begin in egypt, where the

interim government has been in emergency session to discuss what to do about the worst violence since the uprising that ousted mubarak. coptic christians clashed with security forces in cairo. 20 people, mainly christians, were killed, protesting a recent attack on a church. the arrest is putting the transition to democracy at risk. >> cairo was still on edge the day after the deadly clashes. there was fear, rage, and grief among the christian minority. there was continued sporadic violence. a mob attacked a man in his car. bystanders said he was christian. there were also reports of coptic christians retaliating against muslims. burned cars testified to the riot. eyewitnesses said the violence was provoked. >> there were agitators' in the crowd, organized groups of thugs.

they did not run from the army. the attacked soldiers, and threw stones at them. >> other witnesses and some reporters have confirmed such accounts. there was also report that protesters shot and killed a soldier. >> i appeal to every part of the egyptian people, christians and muslims, men, women, old, and young. let us stand against this ugly conspiracy. >> eu foreign ministers expressed concern over the events in cairo. in luxembourg, they called for the protection of all egyptians. >> i think it is important that egyptian authorities and all concerned in egypt reaffirm freedom of worship in egypt, and

that all sides step back from the violence. that is what the world looks to them all to do. >> the mood in cairo was fraught. many are concerned violence could flare again at any time. >> in libya, forces backing the transitional government say they have cornered troops loyal to gaddafi in sirte. the town saw heavy fighting on monday, with tanks near the convention center. civilians are trying to flee. the red cross is helping evacuate those from the main hospital, which has been badly hit by the fighting. foreign ministers from all 27 union countries have called for the president of syria to step down. they said the crackdown on protesters may amount to crimes against humanity. also on the eu list -- belarus. there were expanded sanctions against the harsh treatment of

political dissidents. >> eu for -- protesters are upping the pressure on minsk. the sanctions will stop 16 officials from traveling to the eu and freeze their assets. >> the way belarus has acted against the opposition -- the suppression is unacceptable. >> that message is intended to force president location code -- lukashenko to free political prisoners and give rise to the opposition. the weekend saw protests against political oppression and soaring prices. inflation is at 30%. while the eu is taking a unified stance, there is disagreement over how to deal with ukraine. a verdict in the trial of the former prime minister, timoshenko, is due tuesday. some say it is politically motivated, and they want to

avoid a trade deal. some eastern governments approve that. >> this could change europe's geopolitics for 10 years in the future. >> a decision on whether to deepen ties with ukraine is expected by the end of the year. >> the polish prime minister is holding talks to form a new coalition after winning the general election tuesday. his center-right platform would give the number of seats for a parliamentary majority. his main rival came in second, with about 30%. analysts say voters rewarded him for presiding over strong economic growth during his first term. it sounds like a story out of 1984 or "brave new world." a computer program so sophisticated it can remotely control your computer, without your knowing it, search its contents, and surveil your home

with the microphone and web camera. this software is a reality, and allegedly used by german authorities. police have launched an investigation into illegal searches, based on allegations brought by the renowned and chaos computer club. >> the allegation is customs officers installed software onto a computer as a customer passed through munich airport. the hard drive was analyzed by chaos computer club, a group of puckers in berlin. they say the program comes from the government and breaks the law. >> we suspect there are several dozen trojans being used. we want the government to release the numbers and say what's buy programs are used in what cases. -- what spite programs are used in what cases. >> the software can spy on keystrokes, computers, and cameras. this data gathering violates

german law. bavarian authorities have acknowledged using similar software in the past, but the state interior minister said police did nothing to break the law. the only thing that matters in legal terms is what bavarian investigators have actually done, and they have adhered to the judicial guidelines. the german government says it is not aware that any federal agencies used trojans to spy on people through their computers. a parliamentary committee in berlin will investigate this week. >> two nobel prizes have been awarded in economics for the political and economic climate. >> absolutely relevant. the winners of the nobel prize in economics have been named. americans thomas burton and christopher sims won the award for their research on cause and effect in the economy. the developed questions for house economic growth and

inflation are affected by policy measures, like a temporary increase in the interest rate or the tax cut. they did their work in the 70's and 80's, and it is now an essential tool for economists. >> economist christopher sims and tom sargent study how economic, political, and social shocks affect the economy. simmons does not have a quick solution to the problems plaguing the eurozone. >> my view is that if the euro is to survive if it will have to -- the euro area will have to work out a way to share fiscal burdens. >> the nobel laureate's did not want to make concrete suggestions, saying only some of their methods could be applied to the eurozone debt crisis. in stockholm, the nobel committee said the economists' work has become a mainstay in

the field. >> this has become dominant in practical economic analysis all over the world. that is in both policy making and research. >> since -- sims did not say what he would do with the prize money, but with markets so shaky, he is not likely to change it soon. >> the slovak prime minister [unintelligible] coalition leaders were unable to bridge differences on monday, and are set to meet tuesday before a parliamentary vote in the afternoon. all 17 members have to ratify the stability fund before it can be implemented. the plans call for slovakia to provide just 0.5% of the rescue fund, which would be loan guarantees of 3.5 billion euros.

a rally on european markets on news of the german and french crisis management plan. we turn to the frankfurt stock exchange. >> the crisis management of angela merkle and nicolas sarkozy it was in focus all day, first cousin insecurity because nobody knew what they decided in their weekend meeting. then it was announced the use summit would take place a week later than scheduled. people here now imagine the decisions on how to solve the crisis are getting more concrete, perhaps driving deeper than imagined. before, that helped shares. that led to a rally. matire dropped back. the ceo declared he no longer wanted to be ceo of the group. that is causing insecurity, because people do not know who will be the successor, and

whether he will be able to handle problem areas in the region. >> let us take a closer look at some of the market numbers. in frankfurt, and the dax took a huge jump up to close monday up over 3%, at 5847. the eurostoxx 50 was up more than 2.5%. the dow jones closed up more than 3%. the euro is trading for $1.3649. a strike by german air traffic controllers is on hold. they expect to have talks with the government on wednesday over pay and conditions. 2400 controllers could walk off the job as early as thursday, if the sides do not reach agreement. the union has said it would give at least 24 hours' notice before taking action.

for more international news, back to brian. >> rescue workers in thailand are scrambling to prevent a humanitarian disaster. many parts of the country have seen the worst flooding in half a century. 270 people have been killed in heavy monsoon rains in the past few weeks. half of the provinces have seen flooding and mudslides. over a million hectares of agricultural land are under water. 10,000 people have been forced to leave their homes. there is more bad weather on the way. oil leaking from a container ship has started washing up on the shore of new zealand, one of the most popular beaches. the container ship hit a reef last week. the vessel is carrying 1,700 tons of fuel oil, raising fears of environmental disaster. bad weather has delayed selvage attempts. let us go to sports news.

a formal one fan in germany, and those around the world, are celebrating sebastian vettel's second world title, making him the youngest back-to-back champion ever. that is prompting all kinds of comparisons, but modest vettel says he is keeping his feet on the ground. >> fans waited for hours to catch a glimpse of vettel and hear him talk about his second formula one title. >> now i have achieved it twice. obviously, you always set yourself new targets, again and again. we are hungry. we want to win. we are competitive. we are ambitious. we want to be there and enjoy these moments. >> moments like this, when he crossed the finish line sunday. >> thank you so much.

every single one. >> he called his win a team effort, and admitted he was getting used to life in the limelight. correct it is addictive, if you stand on that podium. you see you guy us. to be part of that the the -- that is a big thing. >> even with the title in the bag, vettel not take his foot off the gas in the remaining races. >> a top award for a top director. one of germany's most influential theater figures has won the golden lion in venice. organizers of the festival honored tomas offenmaier for his life's work. >> he is only 43, but already honored for his accomplishments as a theater director. >> it was not my idea.

strictly speaking, in italian, the prize is for my career -- not really a lifetime achievement. >> his biggest success was his offbeat version of "hamlet," which premiered three years ago in athens. since then, theaters all over the world have invited the berlin company to perform. >> i think one of the reasons they invite us is because it is a berlin theater, and berlin has incredible attraction all over the world, especially as a city of art. >> he burst onto the scene in the 1990's. he was quickly branded the new infant terrible of german theater. he was credited with revolutionizing the legendary theater, shocking audiences with social realism. he has picked up one of the most prestigious awards in the world of theater, but it is unlikely

to be the final act in his career. >> being with the culture scene, the german book price has gone to [unintelligible] for the book "in times of fading life." he tells the story of his extended family, with its hopes shuttered, illusions, and dreams, a partly autobiographical history set in berlin, the soviet union, and mexico. large parts take place in the former communist east germany. big ben may be turning into the leaning tower of london. the british capital landmark is listing slightly, but about half a meter at its highest point. years of nearby the excavation have contributed to the tilt, including an extension of the underground and construction of a subterranean car park. experts believe there is no

danger of the clock tower will fall and the time in the next 4000 years. that is a while, anyway. it is time to outlaw the death penalty, says the eu. >> stick around.

>> by stoning, a pistol shot to the head, or lethal injection -- these are some of the methods of capital punishment used by iran, china, and the united states. for this year's world day against the death penalty, the european union has again made it clear it wants the practice to be halted in those nations, at a time when more countries are assigning the death penalty than in the past. >> rahm based the coliseum in golden light every time someone in the world is spare the death penalty, or a state abolishes capital punishment. 59 countries in the world still

execute those they consider their most serious criminals. at least 527 people last year, without counting china. these images, supplied by amnesty international, are believed to show a massive execution in china. how many are condemned each year is a secret invasion. un human-rights estimate at least 10,000 since 2000, most pro-democracy activists. in iran, capital punishment is the most severe sentence under sharia law. in some countries, stunning is still used to kill the condemned. -- stoning is still used to kill the condemned. in 2010, 46 people were executed in the united states, but there are calls for the death sentence to be abolished.

many there says it is the worst violation of human rights. this is the view that spread across europe in the second half of the 20th-century. only belarus' retains capital punishment. this is relatively new. after the second world war, sweden and iceland were the only countries without the death penalty. gradually, it was abolished in other european countries. many countries retain the possibility in their law books for years, but did not execute anyone. it in italy, it was removed in 1994. in belgium, 1996. today, and the country wishing to join the eu must abolish capital punishment. this may have helped motivate turkey to ban the death penalty in 2004. the day the decision was announced, the coliseum in rome was bathed in golden light. >> the united states ranks no. 5

in the total number of executions, following china, iran, north korea, and yemen. most americans are in favor of capital punishment. calls to abolish the death penalty have heated up in recent years, thanks to numerous sentences overturned due to questionable evidence. this man once sat on california's death row. he is free today. his escape from execution has given him a new purpose in life. >> gramm was serving time for stealing $35 when he was wrongly accused of killing a prison guard. he was convicted, and spent three years on california's death row. after a fourth trial, the court determined he was innocent. >> i was 27 years old. i was a young boy. i was standing up for social justice.

as a consequence, all, -- as a consequence, i was described by the guards as an agitator. >> 53 people have been killed after their innocence was proved. others have been executed, a miscarriage of justice. >> the state has a responsibility to protect its citizens, but not a right to kill in our name. what is the difference between a murderer and a state that murders? >> gramm has sympathy for the more than 3200 inmates awaiting execution in u.s. prisons. the majority are african americans. >> i committed myself to making sure that what happened to me never happens to anyone without me raising my voice. >> gramm travels across the country to speak publicly about

his experience. here in virginia, the hall is half empty. most americans support capital punishment. amnesty international is campaigning to change that. to date, 16 of 50 u.s. states have abolished the death penalty. >> the u.s. death penalty system is broken. it is riddled with errors and bias, and it is failed public policy. >> former death row inmates need to support family and friends when they are released from prison. >> when they came out of prison, they are isolated in their bedrooms. he will isolate in hours -- four hours, because it is a comfort zone. he will go out into the world, but he can come back into the cell where many of them still live in their health -- in their heads. >> gramm will continue the fight against the death penalty as long as he lives. >> capital punishment is widespread in the islamic world,

but that could change, as revolutions in north africa and the mideast in momentum. tunisia took a key step by finding -- by signing a number of agreements on human rights. tunisia has not executed anybody since 1991, but at least 130 prisoners, including four women, are on death row. tunisian opponents of the death penalty are still struggling to win support for their cause. >> he has spent half his life fighting for human rights. four years ago, he founded the national alliance against the death penalty, hoping it would give momentum to the campaign to abolish capital punishment in tunisia. the regime of then-president ben ali stymied his efforts. >> as soon as we set up our organization in 2007, i got a call from the interior ministry.

at the time, i was still head of the amnesty international tunisian chapter. they summoned me to the ministry, and pressured me, making it clear, in no uncertain terms, that my activities were illegal, and i should stop. >> since the fall of ben ali, he has been free to pursue his cause without censorship or threats from authorities. but convincing the public is not always easy. reciprocal justice is a widely- accepted concept into nations excited. some to nations worry abolishing the concept -- some to knees ian's were abolishing the concept would violate sure real law. -- sharia law. >> most political parties and candidates agree human rights guarantees should be anchored in

the new tunisian constitution. but human rights naturally include the right to life. that rules out the death penalty. >> the political parties are in the middle of a general election campaign. the progressive democratic party is focusing on jobs and education, not the death penalty, but that does not mean it is silent. >> we will address this issue if we win the confidence of voters on october 23. in a democracy, we can dedicate our energy to this end. we will make it clear how vital it is to abolish capital punishment. >> the alliance against the death penalty hopes politicians will live up to such promises, once to the shot completes its transition to democracy. -- tunisia completes its

transition to democracy. >> thank you for joining us.