captioned by the national captioning institute --www.ncicap.org-- >> as a new unity government tries to get a grip on greece, minority political parties scramble for gains among disillusioned voters. hello and wull come -- welcome to "european journal." also on the program today -- >> turkish women get the chance to claim equal rights with men, even in the mosque. a holiday retreat is tainted by the summer's slaughter there. and there's a bid to ensure equally punitive treatment for bosnia's war criminals. turkey's women don't want to accept second class status anymore. even in the mosque. after years of having to use side entrances and worshiping in

the shadows, the presidency of religious affairs now wants to encourage women to take a full part in friday prayers alongside the men. they hope to change the sexist image. in some towns there are even female imams. the sign of things to come? >> friday prayers at istanbul's mosque is house of worship dates from the ot monday empire and is almost 500 years old. the men here say the congregation has always been separated along gender lines. men pray in the main room, women in a separate corner. and that if the men have their way, that separation will remain. but the women aren't happy about it. >> mosque should be totally open to us. men and women can pray together. >> most mosques don't have facilities for women at all.

there's not even a place for us to do the washing. >> this woman is a kind of clerical intendent. she says the women can remain separate but should not be hidden. >> this room divider is too high. it should be lowered to chest level. and then we want to expand the space for women to hear in the main room. that will make it much nicer. >> there is a revolution afoot in turkey's mosques, the men are not happy. >> if a woman is praying in front of you, you can't concentrate. >> here the women pray away from the men. they're almost invisible. that's how it's always been and it should stay that way.

>> the women's toilets are dirty, their prayer corners full of clutter, most of istanbul's 3,000 mosques put off a lot of female visitors. it seems women are supposed to do their praying at home. so this woman has been going to conferences to try to convince her mainly male colleagues that women should have more access to mosques. they're difficult to persuade. but the theologian does have the government support. she hopes turkey can be a role model for the position of women in the islamic world. >> in our religion, men and women are equal in houses of prayer. the separation of men and women in mosques is a tradition, but it has nothing to do with the koran. we're trying to explain that to both imams and women.

>> kadria is one of the few women to hold such a high ranking position. most of the men at thes i tal tan bull religious authority -- at the istanbul religious authority work for her. our female prayer leaders -- are female prayer leaders in mosques the next step? >> it's normal today to have women members of parliament and government ministers. there's no stopping progress. there should be no at that poos -- taboos and there isn't really any basis in our religion for bans like that. >> but she had to keep confronting the reality of things. the small mosque near her office is said to be miss odge miss it tick. she asks the imam to show her the women's prayer room and she's shocked. >> look how small this is here. get this on tape.

and this is supposed to be a prayer room for women? it's unusable. >> she says women don't belong in some shed in a court yard. rather in the mosque itself. she doesn't hold back when talking to the imam. >> you have a separate space here. the women can go here. >> in my opinion you shouldn't challenge traditions. women should pray at home. even with my supervisor standing right here, i have to say what i think. >> during the time of the prophet, women and men went to the mosque together. the men in front, the women in back. and we want to reintroduce that original state. don't interpret me, we'll talk later. -- interrupt me, we'll talk later. >> things may get a bit uncomfortable for turkish men. kadria is determined to reclaim

women's place to pray. her goal so make istanbul's mosques the most women-friendly in the world by next spring. >> until this summer, this was just an island around oslo. a right wing he is stream -- extremist held a bloodbath there. only 500 meters long, there was nowhere to run and hide. a perfect hunting ground for a murderous gunman. now locals mourn the loss of life, but they also regret the island's loss of innocence. >> images remain. since childhood, this person has

live aid cross the island. he comes across like a tough guy but the events of july 22 have hit him hard. he still can't fathom what happened on the island. >> it was also a very tranquil place. there's a soccer field and we often went to play there when we were little. only when no one was there, of course. >> on july 22, he heard gunshots and got into his boat to try to help. since then he's been haunted by memories of dead teenagers in the water, of screams, panic, fear. that day has been burned into his mind. so much that he's had a tribute tattooed on his arm. >> i hope that the life here get back to what they once were. they say time heals all wounds. and it will take a long time.

>> the massacre has also left its mark on people who weren't on or near the island on july 22. one day before, aerial photographer and his pilot flew over the island. >> we were on our way and flew past the island. and when i saw all the people there, i thought, wow, that would make for a great photo. i said, look, that's the island down there. >> today they have an assignment not far from the island. the heart-shaped island looks so

idyllic now in the autumn sun. it's difficult to believe it was the sight of norway's deadliest post war incident, one that traumatized the entire nation. this man can't get the images out of his head either. he was in his summer cot and when he heard what was going on. he too got in his boat and headed for the island. he made three trips between the island and the mainland, taking as many people as his little boat could carry safely. the whole time he heard the gunman's weapon firing and eventually he himself was shot at. >> i've changed a lot.

and now i'll live a lot more consciously. days like this out in nature mean a lot to me. but it's true that i need and look for solitude. >> he also meets regularly to talk with others who were directly affected by the massacre. he says that the island were associated with happy days from his childhood. the gunman took all that from him. >> yes. it's difficult. >> on the evening of july 21, when they flew over the island

on their way, the island was still a peaceful place. 20 hours later that all changed. for many people in norway, the images from the summer are still painfully fresh. >> a greener new unity government for greece has involved many hours of horse trading with the major parties weary of taking the blame for failure before fresh elections next year. but meanwhile smaller more extreme political parties are

hoping they will. they're poised to cash in on the anger felt by most greeks for the leaders and parties that got things so wrong and public opinion suggests they may have a point. >> a fresh wind blows on here. people hope for change. this man has operated a parking lot here for 35 years. it pains him that the papers call the greek government frankfurt's shadow cabinet. >> there's no other solution for us. we're at the end of our rope. if we don't do what the europeans and the european central bank demand, they could throw us out of the euro zone. >> but under the big tree, it's hard to see signs of economic crisis. attorneys, businessmen and doctors park their expensive cars here. >> they used to have even bigger cars but without power steering. it wasn't so easy to park.

today they prefer smaller cars that are more maneuverble but also more expensive so you have to watch out. >> even small entrepreneurs have to watch out now for tax investigators, checking to make sure they're paying their share. this man expects the new interim government will raise taxes and he wonders whether it can lead greece out of the crisis. >> i'm worried and not just about my own business. after all, the socialists and the conservatives who now want to govern a coalition are the same parties that ran us into the ground over the last few decades. >> a television studio in athens hosted a debate on the future of the country. for four years this man has been a member of parliament. he hopes to profit from people's anxieties in the new elections slated for next year.

>> it is tradition political system, it derives at the failure of economy, of the institutions, of the performance of the state. so we have a complete failure of the system due to the lack of political responsibility of those major political actors. so this is what creates the necessity of a change, a major change in greek politics. >> a journalist with an independent news portal on the internet mistrusts such blanket condemn nation. he thinks the fears of many greeks may drive them into the arms of extremist parties. >> this new grand coalition is a marriage forced by europe. many greeks won't understand that. if the savings measures are implemented, the economic and social situation will initially worsen. i see a lot of conflict coming

toward us. >> he regards the right wing parties in greece as a danger to zemsy. there are photos on the internet showing the right wing parliamentarian as a young militant. >> he isn't happy that there are these photos from the past when he was an activist in the greek nationalists. it doesn't fit his current image as mr. clean. but many of the right wingers like him have a dark past. >> parking lot attendant has customers who are right wing nationalists but personal yes wants to give the coalition of socialists and conservatives a chance to rescue greece. >> some terrible war crimes were perpetrated in bosnia but the convicted criminals served their sentences in their own parts of the divided country.

some are seen by their prison guards as ethnic heroes and are granted privileges or have an easier time. now there's increasing pressure for prisons to be run on a national basis, to ensure equal treatment for all. so families of victims get a sense of justice being done. >> the war destroyed these women's lives. they lost all their family. the old woman and her two daughters now live on the outskirts of sarajevo. >> we fled from eastern bosnia. both my grand fathers and both my grandmothers, my father, my brother, and my little sister were killed there by serbs. the state has failed to properly punish their killers. >> that might have changed if the state prison had ever been built. six years ago construct began

and then it stopped again. it appears that neither of the two entities that make up up boss unanimous-serb republic really want such a prison. the ethnic serbs each prefer jails in their respective regions. this is in the bosnia-croat part. the prison therein has a fearful reputation. reports say there have been cases of serious abuse of inmates. but some war criminals have been able to escape from there with remarkable ease. the prison director however denies any wrongdoing. >> we very much need the state prison. for everybody, serbs, everybody is treated the same. and security there should be tighter. that way the culprits would not be so privileged as they are in their home regions. they must be treated as the

criminals they are and not as heroes. >> how strange, this prison is the scene of exktsly that. muslim inmates need not fear mistreatment, even if they're guilty of war crimes. >> all prisoners are treated the same. but i want to suppress that i am innocent, i didn't kill anybody. >> even 15 years after the war, it is still hard for people to reach out to each other. every village has stories of destruction and violence, aversion and mistrust remain deep on all sides. in the boss unanimous-serb republican, the serbs also have little interest in seeing their war criminals punished. one prison even has a swimming pool. it is said that here too there are war criminals serving time.

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help. if they've had too much to drink, for instance. >>lcol is the biggest problem. what looks like a could he la actually a mixed drink with youth under 18 to drink spirits inubc. but if the parents take the alcohol away from the kids, they mit sehe youth trust. >> so what have you been up to? y mn like a job? right now nothing. but i'm fr the job center. i'm starting an tesh sn. i went to school for 12 years and i've done three ier. two in technical areas and one as ck. the parents accompany them to a sco. but they don't want to be pat niesed - prozed. one of the parents advises a girl on how toeait ys like the drunk one on the bus. warning that they can get vien

tonight there's no violence but meigs l e parents on patrol can do is call the ambulance for someone with a bldy nose or someone else who's had too mucho drink. but this is happening less te >> an important part of our patrol is that we're just there and we listen and listen and listen. and we're not the ones trying to teach them a lesson. >> patience is the parents' st important tool. >> having seen what sort of britains in the town centers are like, i can only wish them gd lu. we'll be back next week for another "european journal." til th, goodbye.