>> hello and welcome to "global 3000," your weekly check on the global issues that affect us all. today we ask what those global markets are really all about. in ethiopia, we examine whether chinese investments should be welcome for creating jobs or whether there's also a hitch. here's what we have coming up. development chinese style -- we visit a shoe factory in ethiopia. clearing the air -- mexico city takes its worst smog offenders off the road. and role model copenhagen -- a capital goes green danish

style. asked to explain the difference between entrepreneurial thinking in china and the west, a chinese manager put it like this, "when a european business sees a tiger, it studies it and finds ways to get around it. when a chinese business comes across a tiger, it jumps on top of it and starts thinking about what comes next." while many european entrepreneurs are still considering shifting production to asia, more and more chinese factories have long set up in africa, where production costs are even lower than back home. as communist china exports capitalist thinking, we ask workers in ethiopia what's in it for them? >> the working day begins military-style. "all our energy goes into production," the chinese boss calls to the workers.

"into production," they chant back. it may resemble an army base, but this is in fact a chinese shoe factory in ethiopia. company executives in dong guan have joined them via video link. workers clock in digitally. chinese employees line up on one side, ethiopians on the other. 24-year-old nara zhou is new here. her english language skills have landed her a top position. >> i'm grateful to my boss in china for giving me such a good opportunity. it is a really good chance for me. >> huajian shoe city has been producing shoes for the us market for the last two years. the production manager goes through the workflow with nara. much of the work is done with adhesives, but not everyone here wears a protective mask. the factory produces shoes for brands like tommy hilfiger and guess. the workers produce some 7,000

pairs of shoes per day. the boss is satisfied. but communication can still be a challenge. >> we use gestures to make ourselves understood. but i also know a few simple words in the local language, "tollo tollo" means "faster, faster." and "ali baba" means "you thief!" >> that seems to be enough to get by. the factory is modeled on the company's headquarters in china. the banners on display are designed to motivate workers to maximize production. next i think it is necessary. sometimes it can have a look and keep it in their mind.

>> the company says its factory provides developmental aid to ethiopia. after all, it has brought along only 120 chinese workers, while creating 3500 jobs for locals. >> one of them is 22-year-old eden. she's a trained shoemaker. the craft has a long tradition in ethiopia. but work is scarce. the unemployment rate here is at least 40%. she lives in a tiny dwelling near the factory. it's her first time living alone. the room is just five square meters in size and has no windows. she can't afford anything better. >> if i work overtime, i earn about $45 a month. otherwise i make $30. >> eden works ten hours a day, six days a week. even in ethiopia, $45 is barely

enough to make ends meet. the rent alone costs $15. that leaves $1 a day to live on. meat is an unaffordable luxury. the shoes eden makes cost twice as much as what she earns in a month. still, her salary is above ethiopia's minimum wage. the life eden lives is no exception here. a third of ethiopians live below the poverty line. the country has some of the world's lowest labor costs. the market around the corner is filled with cheap goods from china. >> chinese garments are more fashionable and cheaper than ethiopian clothing. that's why customers prefer them. >> it's a vicious cycle that's seen repeatedly across africa. people earn so little that they buy chinese products instead of goods made by local industries. economics professor alemayehu

geda considers this a worrying trend. for years, he's been warning against china's growing power in the region. >> in the african context, it is resource control. it is market control. but it is different from the west because they are doing it within a developmental framework. >> the chinese company offers its workers two free meals a day. food is scarce in ethiopia and anyone who doesn't finish what's on their plate is docked an entire day's wages. the menu never changes -- bread with a lentil and onion sauce. but not everyone here is treated the same. next door is the canteen for the chinese workers. they get served ethiopian meat. but other than the meat, the boss says the food takes some getting used to.

>> it's different than chinese food. very different. >> aside from the executives, most of the chinese employees had simple jobs back in china. many of them live right above the factory, in spaces shared by six people. but their wages here are almost twice as high as at home and they enjoy greater authority, too. >> we want to offer our ethiopian workers a better life. we want to teach them how to be healthy and hygienic. we have showers here for them. we tell them they should wash their hands and brush their teeth often. we respect their views. for us, that's democracy. >> critics describe such schemes as a modern form of colonialism. but the ethiopian government is grateful for the investment. the deal is not contingent on improving human rights. in exchange for investing in the

country, china benefits from huge tax breaks. these workers have no representation and little prospect of an improvement in conditions. but nara zhou says ethiopia's economy is growing fast and creating jobs is a priority. the rest is simply part of a natural process. she says it was the same in china. >> rapid industrial development often takes its toll on the environment, including the very air we breathe. the world health organization recently warned that air pollution has become a major killer, costing some seven million lives in 2012 alone. exhaust fumes from traffic are a major risk factor. mexico city's authorities are now clamping down and getting the worst polluters off the roads.

>> "hora pico," rush hour in mexico city. for residents here, it's simply part of the daily grind. there are some eight million vehicles on the city's roads. they release tons of dust particles into the air. that in turn creates smog. >> the city doesn't just feel dirty. you can see it, too. sometimes, you look out and say, oh, it's cloudy today. and then you realize, no, it's actually smog. >> respiratory illnesses are really common. it just shows that the air here isn't especially good. >> older vehicles, especially buses and trucks, are the main source of mexico city's air

pollution. they cause by far the most damage to the environment. the government wants to take as many as possible off the roads. this is one way. drivers who have their old vehicles scrapped are eligible for government subsidies, an incentive to switch to more environmentally-friendly models. germany's international development agency, the giz, is advising city employees on how to run the program. some 400,000 trucks have already been destroyed. >> for every truck that's destroyed as part of the scrappage scheme, there's a reduction of 20 tons of greenhouse gas emissions per year. that leads to a significant improvement in mexico's air quality.

>> even better than trading in your old vehicle is hopping on a bike instead. these "eco bicis" can be ridden for a small fee. but has it led to better air quality? mexico city tests air quality at 29 different locations. staff at the city's environment ministry take measurements of a range of pollutants, including the probable carcinogen cadmium. employees calculate average levels and publish their findings online. the measurements often point to poor air quality. >> we must consider it in a historical context. the air used to be bad all the time. mexico city was one of the dirtiest cities in the world. but the environmental policies of the last 25 years have led to a significant reduction in pollution. the good news is that this trend is set to continue. and that, despite the fact that the city's still growing.

>> but another solution is taking root, too. biologist jerónimo reyes works at mexico's largest public research university, the unam. he's planted an 800-square-meter garden on the roof of a private school. the building is located right in the city center. rooftop gardens like these have become increasingly popular in mexico city. >> there's no space down below for parks or gardens like these. mexico city is overpopulated and there's nowhere to plant green areas like this. but they're just what the city needs, because the plants produce oxygen and capture pollutants. >> in summertime, the layer of vegetation helps cool the buildings down. and in winter, they provide some insulation, so that less heating is required. most of the plants here are succulent, meaning they store moisture in their fleshy leaves. they can also survive for long

periods without water. as a result, the garden requires very little maintenance. it's ideal for busy people who want to relax, not work, outdoors. the researcher has set up a kind of laboratory on the roof of the university. with the help of his students, he wants to find out which plants are best suited to the rooftop project. he's determined only to grow native mexican plants in his gardens. but that's a surprisingly ambitious task. >> 80% of the plants in mexico city, whether in public parks, gardens, or homes, are exotic, meaning they don't come from mexico. but we have such a diversity of plant species here. we're the fourth or fifth most species-rich country in the world. but we don't really make use of it. with these roof gardens, we want

to encourage people to use the biodiversity and learn to value it. >> one of the biggest proponents of rooftop gardens is environment minister tanya müller garcia. she's turned the project into a political issue. she says the gardens promote wellbeing as well as reducing smog. >> many people find it hard to get to a park to relax during the week. the roof terraces at workplaces in the city center give people just that, a moment of calm in natural surroundings. it helps relieve stress and makes people feel good. >> the government has financed almost 22,000 square meters of rooftop gardens. they're located on top of public buildings, including schools and hospitals. the gardens are not just attracting human visitors either. birds and insects are

benefitting as well. this rooftop's ecosystem now boasts more than 90 different species. and that number is set to grow. >> more than half of the global population lives in urban areas, in europe, it's already two thirds. as urban living increasingly becomes the norm, the danish capital, copenhagen, is getting ambitious about making the city as pleasant as possible for its inhabitants. copenhagen just earned itself the title european green capital, and by 2025 urban planners want the city to be co2 neutral. we went to see how they do it. >> copenhagen's expansive network of bicycle highways means that even commuters don't need a car. queen louise's bridge connects the city center with the suburbs. recently, city authorities converted two of its car lanes into bicycle tracks.

>> most people in copenhagen have pragmatic reasons for cycling. it's the best way of getting around the city. it's also the cheapest and it's healthy, too. >> copenhagen's city planners have big ambitions. with the help of architects like jan gehl, they want to make the danish capital the world's best city to live in. when it comes to investing in sustainability, gehl believes it's all about embracing innovation. but past experience has taught the him to expect objections to new ideas for developing the city. some 50 years ago, copenhagen built the strøget. at the time, it was europe's longest pedestrian zone. >> in 1962, a pedestrian, car-free zone was established in the city center. there were huge discussions about it at the time. people said it wouldn't work. they said we're danes, not

italians. we didn't have a tradition of promenades. but it turned out to be a huge success. >> one of copenhagen's present-day successes is the city swimming project. the harbor's clean water means residents can escape rush hour and plunge right into the baltic sea whenever they please. and despite the economic downturn, city authorities have continued to invest in public transport. in particular, they've turned their attention to expanding the subway network and constructing underground parking lots. city planners are hoping to complete work on a basketball court over this underground parking lot by the end of the summer. ideally, nobody should live more than a ten-minute walk away from a parkland area. in the future, the city aims to source 90% of the food served in public buildings locally, some of it right from the city center.

urban gardens serve a further important function, too. >> these green areas, like urban gardens for example, where people can grow tomatoes or something similar, serve the additional purpose of absorbing excess rainwater after heavy storms. >> europe's green capital also lists geothermal energy production and wind power among its environmental achievements. the closest wind park is located just three kilometers outside the city center. what's more, there are plans to build an offshore wind park. so far, there's been little resistance from the public. >> we asked people how they feel about the construction of a wind park. 90% of copenhagen's residents supported it. in an urban environment like this, people don't have a problem with the construction of wind parks.

>> an average copenhagen resident produces five tons of co2 a year, half that of the average german city dweller. but the danish capital is determined to go even greener in the future. >> it won't come as a surprise to you that this high quality of life comes at a price. copenhagen has just recently made it into the top ten of the world's most expensive cities. now, women are usually key to development. this open secret among social entrepreneurs has led mark ruis to help women who run corner shops. helping them usually means helping a whole family network. more than a quarter of the population in the philippines lives below the poverty line, mark ruis wants to change that. >> traffic has been at a standstill for an hour on this road outside the philippine

capital, manila. the policeman in charge of directing traffic here is on a break. mark ruiz is used to the disruption. >> yeah, well it comes with the job. it comes with it. especially if you go outside. in very urban areas, it's traffic and gridlock. in areas like this these are the portions that can make things very, very tricky as you travel. the good news is that the further you go out, there are less cars but that also means less roads. >> finally, the policeman returns and waves the drivers on. mark ruiz makes his appointment on time. 75-year-old remedios gonzales owns a so-called "sari-sari" shop. she's been running the small

convenience store in front of her home for more than 40 years. she earns about two euros a day from the sale of everyday items. >> most shops are not used to maintaining records but this is one of the things we consider very important. >> remedios has learned how to keep records from her advisor mark ruiz. >> these are the purchases from the suppliers. so, two trays of igglog, which means eggs. 290 pesos. so, these are actually the logs of the ones that are important. her purchases from her suppliers. and before it would be more disjointed. but now actually everything has to be listed down. >> keeping track of the accounts helps the shop-owner save money and maintain an overview of her purchases. there are more than a million

"sari sari" shops in the philippines. they account for a third of the country's retail trade. most of them operate independently without outside backing. the hapinoy program wants to change that. it provides assistance to small shops, many of which are run by women. one of them is ninja santiago. -- nina santiago. as a result of the advice and training she received, she's been able to expand her product range. now she knows for sure what her customers want. >> i learnt a lot from the hapinoy training. the most important aspect was my personal development. i've become more confident and have come to understand the importance of the customer. that's how i differentiate myself from other stores. i've organized my shop to make it look better and more inviting. >> cosmetics, for example, come

in little bags. many customers can't afford to buy larger quantities. mark ruiz is pleased with the store's progress. >> a very, very good assortment and a very good organization. if you look at other stores, they are very, very messy. the layout of this shop is actually very professional. and that's really part of the training which is very important. like, what we mentioned earlier. visual merchandising, which is one of the things we also teach because that allows not only the shop-owner to make sense of all of these products because there are literally hundreds of different kinds of products in this very small store. >> later, mark ruiz attends an information event at a natural cosmetics store. here he meets other filipino social entrepreneurs. it's still a relatively small group. but their number is growing and their ideas are catching on. making a profit is not the primary goal.

participating stores pay higher wages than other businesses and offer social benefits as well. mark founded hapinoy with his college friend bam aquino. they've been working together for several years. aquino was appointed a senator in 2013. he wants to improve conditions for social entrepreneurs. >> i think the first germ of the idea probably will come from a social entrepreneur or an idea from the fringe. government steps in when this is ready to be mainstream but that role of coming up with the idea, or the innovation is still best for the social enterprises. >> mark travels thousands of kilometers each year. he used to work for the multinational company unilever. but he wanted to do something he considered more meaningful. he earns far less working for hapinoy. instead, he gets to experience

the feeling of helping people on a daily basis. >> it's inexplicable. i mean, i wake up every day excited to go to work. i mean, i'm energized and passionate. i think this kind of work will energize me for decades to come. >> his dream of finding meaningful work has finally come true. >> hapinoy roughly translates as "the happy filipino." and that's exactly how mark ruiz feels when he's travelling around the philippines, stopping by at one sari-sari shop after another. for this week. more online. for now, thanks for watching and bye-bye. captioned by the national captioning institute --www.ncicap.org--

>> garrison keillor: w.s. merwin was born in new york city, the son of a minister. after college, he lived in europe for a number of years, translated spanish and french poetry, learned how to support himself as a freelance-- writing, speaking, giving readings. he moved to hawaii where he lives in a dense forest including rare species of palm trees that he's planted. "poetry," he says, "always begins and ends with listening." >> yesterday. my friend says, "i was not a good son, you understand."

i say, "yes, i understand." he says, "i did not go to see my parents very often, you know." and i say, "yes, i know." "even when i was living in the same city," he says, "maybe i would go there once a month or maybe even less." i say, "oh, yes." he says, "the last time i went to see my father..." i say, "the last time i saw my father..." he says, "the last time i saw my father he was asking me about my life, how i was making out, and he went into the next room to get something to give me." "oh," i say feeling again the cold of my father's hand the last time. he says, "and my father turned in the doorway and saw me..." look at my wristwatch... "...and he said, 'you know, i would like you to stay and talk with me.'" "oh, yes," i say.

"'...but if you are busy,' he said, 'i don't want you to feel that you have to just because i'm here.'" i say nothing. he says, "my father said, 'maybe you have important work you are doing or maybe you should be seeing somebody. i don't want to keep you.'" i look out the window. my friend is older than i am. he says, "and i told my father it was so, and i got up and left him then, you know, though there was nowhere i had to go and nothing i had to do." ( applause )

♪ >> memphis, tennessee. it has been written, if music were religion, then memphis would be jerusalem and sun studio, its most sacred shrine. and you are here with railroad earth. ♪ just a little time ♪ >> sun studio sessions and its performers are brought to you in part by the american society of composers,authors and publishers, ascap, home of america's songwriters. >> elvis presley, still making music history more than 50 years after he began. elvis presley's