>> hello and welcome to "focus on europe." great you could join us. today, we remember europe's war of a hundred years ago and look at europe's war today in ukraine. also, and hungry, how the victims, not the perpetrators, of rate are blamed. the north italian alps, and in norway, tv viewers are taking their time. this week marks the second anniversary of a fatal gang rape in delhi which shocked the world

. into some are 2012, a 23-year-old woman was raped by six men on a bus, a brutal assault which killed her. the event sparked protests in india and a debate across the world about corner kick rates of violence against women -- about the horrific rates of violence against women. protesters say two years on, not much has changed and some countries' attitudes seem to get worse, including in hungary, where police video appears to show them blaming women themselves for getting raped. >> this woman was raped here by her ex-boyfriend. she try to forget, but now, two years on, those memories are just as rush and traumatizing as ever -- as fresh and traumatizing as ever. >> he told me he wanted us to get back together. we were supposed to be going for a walk. he was drunk. then he raped me.

>> she could have reported the attack but had little confidence in the authorities. >> there was no point going to the police. they would not have believed me. and they wouldn't do anything anyway. >> that skepticism among women is widespread. only a fraction of sexual assaults reported in recent years have led to offenders being convicted. under pressure, the police decided to go on the offensive and ended up being offensive. a group of girls dress up for a night out. they dance and drink out the hall, practically an invitation to be assaulted suggest this public safety video. the film caused controversy for

partially blaming the victims themselves. "you are responsible. you can do something about it," proclaims the video. it prompted outrage and not just among women's groups. the opposition has claimed the police have turned the tables and is accusing the victim. >> the message in the film is that it is the victim's fall, it is she who could have prevented everything. the video does not mention the culprits and their responsibility. they are always in the background. gentlemen, you are the ones who can take action against this. >> old-school sylvan and an outdated image of women -- old school chauvinism and an outdated image of women. hungary's record on gender equality is dismal by european union and its -- european union

standards. the proportion of women in parliament is not even 10%, and the government has shown little interest in changing that situation. >> perhaps mothers should go back to raising children. our priority has to be for families to have not just one or two children but 3, 4, or five. then there would be more respect and leicester mystic violence -- less domestic violence. >> the figures do not support his theory, of course. the rape rate in hungary remains high with one in five women assaulted at some point according to a women's rights group. as is typical worldwide, most rapists are known to their victims. >> assaults by strangers are rare. most are committed by acquaintances or relatives.

when it comes to strangers, the clothing is barely relevant. it's the victim's vulnerability that matters. >> most women who are raped get no help, either from the police, nor from legislation. >> i've been left alone to deal with my pain. my ex-boyfriend is doing fine. he got married again and has a child. he has nothing to fear, but i cannot forget. >> she still often considers reporting her ex-boyfriend what is afraid of the shame -- but is afraid of the shame and her attacker taking revenge. she is one of a list of victims who would in a fit from sympathy and support, not to mention women's rights -- benefit from sympathy and support. >> according to amnesty international, globally, one in three women become victims of

violence at some point in their lives. it has been described as an epidemic. how do we fight that? get in touch with me on twitter and let me know what you think. now to ukraine, which is being pointed part by writing between pro-russian separatists and ukrainian forces -- torn apart by fighting. many are fleeing, including to ukraine's second-largest city. more than one million people have been displaced in total, and as winter approaches, there's a race against time to provide warm accommodation. >> the worst is over, at least for now. since september, she and her four children have been staying with her sister, even though she already has children and a grandson living with her. there has been heavy fighting in her hometown of new hands, and it is still going on in some areas -- there has been heavy

fighting in her hometown of luhansk. even though a cease-fire was agreed to some months ago, the horrors continue. >> we sat for a month in the basement. alling bombs and missiles around us. i was afraid for my children. when the bombs went off, the whole house shook, and if it had collapsed, we would have been trapped. i hardly slept at all. >> she cannot stay with her sister forever, though. she is placing her hopes and a new settlement on the outskirts of town. the german aid agency fgiz and the city are building a small village here that has portable cabins. a german architect says this is the quickest way to provide temporary shelter. he is supervising the construction. they have been working hard on this project since summer, when germany pledged support for war refugees. the first are expected to move in soon.

>> back then, it was not very clear where the most refugees would be, and that's why we had to choose a very flexible system to be able to respond to the fast-changing situation with the refugee problem here. >> they are afraid that the war could spread, so they are grateful for the help from germany. the cabins are supposed to stay here for three years, but some hope the germans could help end the war before then. >> the sooner peace and stability return to donetsk and luhansk and the people can return, the better. we want to stop the war so that people can go home. >> more than 100,000 refugees are now staying in this village. about 400 are living in the soviet era summer camp.

volunteers donate food and warm close for the refugees here. when the war began, she was pregnant. six weeks ago, she gave her to her son in kharkiv. she does not want to go back home for now. >> here at least they are not driving us away. these are very good people. they all understand our situation, and they are taking in everyone. they do not say some people can come here but others cannot. we are staying here for now. >> the camp was designed in the soviet era for summer holidays. two years ago, this couple bought it. the building contractors wanted to turn it into a modern holiday park for children, but then the war came, and the first refugees . >> as long as the war goes on,

we see that we can help. as long as we have enough money. we are not setting any deadlines. we hope that the war will be over quickly and that children will come here on holiday, and then we will make money. but if the war takes a year or two, what are we supposed to do? >> most refugees quickly find a new home and new jobs. the worst thing is the memories of the war and the feeling of not really being at home. >> i hope that everything will be sorted out and that we will somehow agree. i want to go home. it's better to be at home than to always be a visitor. >> but until then, she hopes that she will soon be living in the new german-built temporary housing.

but, like many ukrainians, what she really wants is for the war to end. >> throughout this year, europe has been commemorating the hundred-year anniversary of the start of the first world war. attention is now being drawn to christmas day 1914, when some british and german soldiers pulled out of their trenches and for just a few hours stop shooting at each other and played football together in no man's land along the western front near the belgian border, but other front lines are less well known, including the outline summit, which marked the front line between italy and its enemy, the austro-hungarian empire. >> the dolomites, a fascinating range of the out in eastern italy. in world war i, they were a hard-fought front between austria and italy.

-- a fascinating range of the out -- the alps in eastern italy. today, the path of peace follows that front line. the path leads to an old cannon at an altitude of 3300 meters. during the war, cannon and other equipment were dragged into place on treacherous paths like these. traces of world war i are everywhere here. for example, deep tunnels into rock -- the soldiers dug them for protection from snow, cold, and enemy fire. during the war, supplies for the troops came on bridges much more rickety than this. both sides wanted to capture the peaks.

high ground is strategically advantageous. after hours, we reach canon 149 in one of the most spectacular r. >> we are at an altitude of 3300 meters. they dragged the gun up to this point. the barrel alone weighs more than three tons. plus, the wheels and the heavy carriage -- it took 200 soldiers to pull it up. on the last stretch, they used sledges. >> we continue on to italy's largest glacier. in world war i, it became an icy grave or hundreds of italian soldiers sent to attack the austrian lines without any cover. then as now, the weather follows its own laws. suddenly, it turns frosty. out of the fog emerges a group of mountain climbers, among them

, and an familiar with the path of peace and its macabre history. >> this was the first war in the outs -- in the alps. it was a terribly hard time. most of the deaths were from hunger. >> we can be thankful those times are over. today, only the path of peace recalls them, and it does so in a breathtaking way. >> greece, meanwhile, is back in the headlines after six years of recession. greeks are exhausted by tough austerity, and this is causing political instability, all of which means unemployment is at a record high. many greeks have been leaving the country to find work elsewhere in europe, and those who have decided to stay have to be creative indeed about how to make ends meet.

>> athens is full of cultural monuments, tourists, and local residents holding down several jobs. the average greek works almost 62 hours a week, the longest work week in europe. for example, maria works as an architect, a tour guide, and a few other things depending on the season and what is in demand . >> i work all day through the night, and also very often on the weekends. this summer, i was, like, working more than 20 hours in a day. that is why i also would never have a family. because i don't think it's possible to do all this work and have a family. >> the 34 year woman has consciously decided that work has first priority -- the 34-year-old woman. she has just completed this apartment. she has been a freelance architect for eight years,

designing houses and supermarkets. the global financial crisis brought a personal crisis, too. her office was taking in only a few hundred euros a month, though she had to take additional jobs. >> the last few months, i was also renting a space in my house with airbnb in order to have some income to be certain i would have enough money to pay the loan and pay the electricity. >> she still gives tour's of athens several times a week for groups of between two and 20 people at 15 euros a person. she shows them the athens that tourists usually do not see -- artist's street art, social projects -- artists, street art, social projects. it's not easy to coordinate this many jobs, but she will love -- she will not leave greece as many others have done. >> i would never think about finding a job somewhere else.

i think this is really the time to be a self exploiter and try to create new jobs and try something different on your own. >> working several jobs or putting in endless overtime at one job -- many in maria's circle of friends do it, weather they are employed or self-employed -- if they are employed or self-employed. now she is trying her hand at designing unusual jewelry. it's not clear yet if she will have any luck. of course, her work week is longer than 40 hours as well. >> i have to work 12 hours a day . i will work 12 or 15. then the story about lazy greeks that work just some -- i don't know -- six or eight hours, it's not real. >> even maria's two jobs are not

enough. she is always on the move. she takes part in artistic and social as often as possible. she organizes festivals, gives workshops, and beautifies public squares. here, she is helping build a neighborhood meeting place. this kind of work is unpaid. maria's partner says she works too much, including at home. an architect, too, his business is also in the doldrums, and so he, too, has several jobs apart from architecture. >> i would think that the range is very difficult, not so many jobs in one space, so you have to open up your mind. you cannot do otherwise. >> maria's office is right next door, and her professional and private lives are entangled. she says many in greece engage

in similar self exportation, but unlike many others, she regards her work as fun -- she says many in greece engage in similar self-exploitation. >> for me, it's the only exploitment that you can have. exploiting anyone else is bad. myself i can use as much as i like and enjoy it. i do not have any problem with exploding myself as much as possible. >> she intends to continue giving tors of the city. she was recently thinking about taking yet another job, but she realized that a day has only 24 hours. >> modern life can feel very heck and fast at times. decreasingly, people are opting to do things slowly. the slow food meant to be enjoyed leisurely with friends, a reaction against asked food, or slow -- and, produced ethically -- slow fashion,

produced ethically. there's also slow television, and it is something that norway in particular is specializing in. ♪ >> modern television is usually all about fast action and swift team changes, but in norway, viewers have been recently tuning in to the latest edition of slow television. slow tb has been catching on fast. -- slow tv has been catching on fast

>> our plan is to sing the entire book of psalms, verse four verse. it might sound strange, but we really like the idea. >> the entire norwegian handbook -- the entire norwegian hymnbook , some by 200 choirs over some 60 hours, all live on tv. the number and name of the current song are displayed at the top of the screen. almost half the population to noon at some point -- almost half the population to in at some point, including this family that will be performing in the broadcast themselves, but that's not the only reason they are watching. >> this broadcast brings everyone a little closer together. it's a joy to experience.

maybe we will see somebody we know personally. >> a tv show akin to a nationwide get together -- it's a truly inclusive event, not least because there are choirs from all over the country taking part. these singers are from the north. nrk is no stranger to mammoth, live tv projects. in 2013, viewers tracked the journey of a cruise ship for five and a half days nonce top -- nonstop. the broadcast was a huge hit. slow tb is the brainchild of thomas who had a hard time getting it broadcasts. >> all of our material is deeply rooted in norwegian culture. that is why it got high ratings. it's important for people to be able to identify with the show.

>> over 25 hours into the broadcast, we are at song 371. many of the choirs are performing inside the church, but this performance is just outside. a little later, he is on the edge of his seat as his relatives sing a little over 700 kilometers away. >> there's my father. and my cousin. and my uncle. plus, my uncle's father-in-law. practically the whole family is there. >> in a couple of hours' time, he and the others here will have their big moment. finally, at 2:00 a.m., the family go live across the nation .

short but sweet. >> we were in really good form. >> then, it's off to bed to get up early to watch some more. later, on sunday morning, the normal time for services, the church is packed. the choir and congregation sing together. the tv team is getting a little tired of their impromptu studio after almost 46 hours of continuous broadcasting. >> we are getting a lot of positive feedback. social media is very important for us, and it's full of comments praising our show.

>> it has been a clockwork operation so far as well. but even if this show does overrun, says the project manager, then so be it. >> when the hectic run up to christmas with all the christmas shopping, it's quite a nice idea to take some time out. that's it or today. thanks very much for watching. to get in touch with any comment -- negative or positive. always great to hear from you. you can contact me directly on twitter or by e-mail. in the meantime, goodbye from all of us here. see you next week, same time same place. [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org]

steves: i'm meeting my florentine friend tommaso at i fratellini, a venerable hole in the wall much loved among locals for its tasty sandwiches and wine sold by the glass. -grazie. -tommaso: thank you. and when you're done, you leave it on the rack. steves: boy, it's intense in the city. tommaso: yes, it is. well, if you want to leave the tourists, let's cross the river, and let's go to where the real florentines live and work. -steves: what's that? -tommaso: the oltrarno area. steves: there's much more to this town than tourism, as you'll quickly find in the characteristic back lanes of the oltrarno district. artisans busy at work offer a rare opportunity to see traditional craftsmanship in action. you're welcome to just drop in to little shops, but, remember, it's polite to greet the proprietor. your key phrase is, "can i take a look?"

-posso guardare? -man: certo. steves: grazie. here in this great city of art, there's no shortage of treasures in need of a little tlc. this is beautiful. how old is this panting? woman: this is a 17th-century painting. steves: from florence? woman: we don't know. -maybe the area is genova. -steves: genova. each shop addresses a need with passion and expertise. fine instruments deserve the finest care. grand palaces sparkle with gold leaf, thanks to the delicate and exacting skills of craftspeople like this. a satisfying way to wrap up an oltrarno experience is to enjoy a florentine steakhouse, which any italian meat lover knows means chianina beef. the quality is proudly on display. steaks are sold by weight and generally shared. the standard serving is about a kilo for two, meaning about a pound per person. so, both of those for four people? woman: yes.

steves: the preparation is simple and well established. good luck if you want it well done. man: i am hungry, yeah. oh, look at this. ah! steves: oh, beautiful. [ laughs ] man: wow. steves: chianina beef. -woman: white beans. -steves: okay. perfect. man: and that one. steves: so, the meat is called chianina. tommaso: that's its name, because it comes from the chianti. steves: oh, from chianti. okay. and tell me about this concept of the good marriage of the food, you know? tommaso: well, when you have the chianina meat, you want to have some chianti wine, and they go together well. they marry together. we say, "si sposano bene." steves: si sposano bene. a good marriage. in other words, the wine is from tuscany, -and the meat is from tuscany. -tommaso: exactly. you don't want to have a wine from somewhere else. that's it.

♪ ♪ >> children under attack. the pakistani taliban storm a school, killing and injuring hundreds of students and teachers in peshawar. staying in power, japanese voters give prime minister abe and his party a row bust victory in sundays general election. and hospitality in hokkaido,