>> hello and welcome to global 3000. it's not often that we see the world actually come to together. the past few days have shown what that world community can actually feel like when some one and a half million people including leaders from more than 40 countries took to the streets of paris as a sign of defiance against terrorism. many other cities followed suit -- and social networks are still buzzing with tributes to those killed and to the human rights they stood for. today we,too speak to people who stand up for their rights -- and here's what's coming up -- more than medical aid -- why cuba sends its doctors to

brazil. the red cross calls them the "walking dead" -- why it's so dangerous to be an albino in eastern africa. and boosting india's economy -- we meet the entrepreneurs who pretty much know all there is about a succesful start-up. muslims, christian, jews along with people of various ethnic backgrounds all came together to stand up against terrorism in support of freedem of speech tolerance and other human rights. >> often it's enought to just be slightly different to be discriminated against or even dehumanised. east africa is probably the worst place in the world for albinos, and yet a large proportion of them are born here. in tanzania they are persecuted because of a persisting belief that they are ghosts, whose body parts bring good luck and fortune. tansania has proved unable to

stop this horrendous trade. as a result even albinos in neighbouring kenya have to live in constant fear. most children enjoy school holidays more than any other time of year. that's true here in kibera, too, a slum in the kenyan capital nairobi. but nine-year-old beatrice can't completely share this pleasure. if she wants to play with other kids on the edge of the slum, she has to be accompanied by her older sister grace. in some parts of east africa, there's a deadly superstition that albinos bring luck -- prosperity and success. >> i have to look after her. because there are people who kidnap albino children. that's why i always stay close to her. the dismembered body parts of albinos can fetch hundreds or even thousands of dollars on the black market. in tanzania, in particular, people believe that the flesh of albinos has magic powers.

>> although beatrice is widely known here, her mother rose makes sure she doesn't venture too far. people in kibera are used to the nine-year-old. but some kids refuse to play with her. >> it hurts my feelings when other children call me mzungu -- the white girl. but i play with them anyway. >> i'm her friend and i don't like it when other children hurl insults at her. it makes me really angry. she's a good person. i don't run away from her. she's my friend. >> beatrice's mother and father love their three children equally. but often albino children are hidden away for fear of social rejection. often, their mothers are accused of having had an affair with a white men. many marriages break up as a

result. rose says she has the support of her husband, but that it's difficult with relatives in the country: >> we were treated with contempt and hate. i was depressed. i was never able to leave her with my relatives. i had to take her everywhere because no one wanted to be alone with her. i asked myself: why did god give me a child like that? but i raised her despite the contempt of others. but it's lonely. no one comes up and talks to you at parties. you're isolated. >> in kenya it's almost impossible for albinos to find a job. most people here don't know that albinism is just a genetic condition that affects pigmentation. and that included beatrice's mother. she found out about the albinism

society of kenya by chance. she hopes that they'll be able to help her daughter. therapist lydia mugure has been fighting for more protection for albinos for years: >> the law should take its course because when somebody does it and they get away scot free, somebody else and somebody else from another place will do it because this one was caught and nothing happened. so they continue doing it. it's a game. but they're playing with our lives and life is so precious. >> but the therapist also wants to provide practical help. beatrice's light--coloured skin needs special protection from the sun. a high--factor sunscreen should be used every day. and lydia mugure tells beatrice's mother her daughter's hat has to be bigger and that she needs tinted glasses to protect her particularly light--sensitive eyes. but the therapist is also concerned that beatrice should

develop the inner strength to deal with discrimination: >> i'm telling myself. i am a person. i'm a child of god and i have a life to lead. and above all: god loves me. >> the visit will certainly make beatrice and her mother realize that they're not alone in their daily battle for recognition. >> fidel castro referred to them as his "army in white coats. cuban doctors go where they are needed. no matter if it's to haiti after an earthquake or to africa to help with the current ebola--crisis. and they often outnumber their western colleagues. so when brazil launched a program to bridge its gap of medical staff, havanna heeded that call, too, and sent doctors in their thousands. but there's a catch -- two-thirds of their salaries go to the cuban government. so is this humanitarian assistance or a form of modern day slavery, as some believe?

our reporter found some diverse views on whether cuban doctors should become such a vital part of brazil's health care system. >> guia lopes da laguna is an impoverished town in the far west of brazil. thirteen thousand people eke out a living here, not far from the border with paraguay. a place of modest appeal, it's difficult to get doctors to come here. there's a medical centre, but there's not always been a doctor -- despite the pressing need for health care. but luckily, a new doctor arrived in the small town a few months ago and he's planning to stay for the next few years. denis comes from cuba. he's a general practitioner, who specializes in orthopedics. he has already spent three years abroad working in venezuela. he's experienced and friendly. the people here are relieved. >> i really like him and hope that he's a really good doctor. it's not just me. we all need a doctor. >> mais medicos", "more doctors" is the name of the brazilian

government program designed to improve the country's poor health service. more than 11,000 cuban doctors were brought here to do just that. they earn around three thousand euros, but only on paper. two-thirds of their wages are sent straight to the castro administration in havanna. >> really our government should let us decide whether we want to send some of our wages back to cuba to help our country. >> the brazilian medical association says what cuba and brazil are doing amounts to slavery. it has tried to stop the government program by court order, but without any success. >> we can't accept that people come here from abroad, in particular cubans, who don't speak our language. we don't know what kind of training they've had. here, they do a 15-day language course and, in addition, a

correspondence course to introduce them to the brazilian health system. but some of these subjects are not even taught by doctors. >> such arguments don't interest the communities that now have basic health care thanks to those cuban doctors. >> we have thirteen thousand residents and recently we had no medical care for more than 30 days. the brazilian doctors don't think about their obligation to help here in rural regions, too. and if they don't fulfill these obligations, then they should at least let the foreign and, in particular, the cuban doctors get on with their work. work they do well, by the way. >> brasilia is country's capital. denis came here last april to do the required language course and

take the final exam. he was determined to start his three-year work visit even though he had no idea where he might end up -- like the rest of the applicants. >> of course, i want to pass the examination here and then go where they send me. for me what counts is doing what i came here to do: providing humanitarian aid for the needy, in particular. that may go without saying for denis, but some other cuban doctors left after just a little while and settled in the us -- where the pay is better. and denis hints that not all of the remaining cuban doctors are happy. >> some of the cubans might consider leaving the program. but that would be disadvantageous for the people who needs medical care.

>> in brazil, there are only 1 point 8 doctors for every one thousand people -- half as many as in germany. and in rural regions, brazilian doctors are few and far between. the people of guia lopes da laguna are thrilled to have found a committed doctor who can already speak portuguese quite well and who has a lot of time for his patients. while the brazilian government pays his salary, the municipality provides the 45--year--old doctor's accommodation. he proudly shows us around. the cuban doctor is happy and the local authorities are too. it's a win-win situation. >> for such a small place like ours, the government has made a very wise decision. the brazilian doctors who occasionally came here cost us over 16,000 reais a month. but it only costs us 2,000, practically nothing. >> in the rural regions more than seventeen thousand doctor'' posts stand vacant. the government's program has

managed to fill some staffing gaps in the health service. but denis dismisses ideologically motivated criticism of an alleged "invasion" of cuban doctors. >> some people accuse us of coming here for political reasons -- to spread propaganda. there's no truth in that. we're here to help people. >> a nationwide poll say eighty percent of patients are happy with the government program "mais medicos" and the cuban doctors. >> welcome or not, the cuban doctors can only be a stop gap for much needed reforms to brazil's healthcare system. and now we'd like to introduce you to a true natural beauty. the "great sea reef" off fiji isn't as well known as its big sister "the great barrier reef". it may only be a tenth of the size -- but -- you'll see in a moment -- it's no less

breathtaking. stretching along fiji's northern vanua levu island, it provides some 200 kilometres of natural shelter from the sea. and it is a vital habitat for many rare species. that's the reason fiji plans to put it under protection. implementing that will be difficult since the reef also provides the only means of making a living for many local fishermen. >> of course fishing can be dangerous. i've lost friends. but i have to carry on anyway. i have to feed my family. >> the great sea reef has changed a lot. when i started diving, everything was spectacular, the corals were much brighter than how it is now. and the fish were a lot bigger

than what we have now. >> there are an lot of passionate, idealistic people who act as advocates for nature conservation in their country. you have to be really careful sometimes not to act like a preacher, but instead to listen, learn, reflect and then consider very, very carefully which instruments are suitable for the entire process. you can't just blunder in. >> every dive has its own attractions and tells a

different story. today, jan henning steffen is making his first ever dive in the great sea reef in fiji. the marine biologist is looking for new sustainable ways to preserve the reef. jan henning steffen >> the great sea reef is a very large reef structure. it's the third biggest barrier reef in the world. what's striking is that despite the great diversity of fish, the ones we have seen are small on average. the economically important species, in particular, are barely reaching reproductive age. that indicates they are being caught or harpooned very young -- and that's a clear alarm signal. >> if it continues like this, the great sea reef will no longer exist in this form in ten or fifteen years. >> at the fish market in suva, fiji's capital, it's possible to get a glimpse of the scale of the overfishing here. most of the fish have not been caught by factory ships far out

at sea, but by the many small-scale fishermen working close to the coast. everything ends up at the market -- for sale or export -- even if the species are on the endangered list. demand determines the supply. the consequences for the reef are catastrophic. if there are not enough fish, the coral also dies and the sensitive ecosystem is upset. >> fishermen like joeli vaka have to go further and further out to sea to make spearfishing pay. >> why i do this? i left school when i was 11. i've always lived on the coast and i don't know any other way to make a living. >> at a meeting with the fishermen, jan henning steffen

shows them a map, which marks the old, traditional conservation areas. organizations such as the world wide fund for nature had drawn in new zones in which fishing was meant to be prohibited. but he's told that the experiment failed because of a lack of monitoring and political support. >> the fishermen have bowed to the pressure. the problem's not just being caused by fishermen from outside. in the face of the growing economic pressure in the village the younger fishermen, in particular, no longer see the sense in respecting these zones. >> the production of sugar cane is the second biggest source of income after tourism in fiji.

but the drop in world sugar prices has caused a collapse in production, making it difficult to find alternatives to fishing for people in macuata province. expanding tourism is one possibility. in the fishing village of navatudua some women have started to grow cultured pearls -- a business controlled by a few big global players. again, it's time for the german conservationist to listen and learn. the women are having difficulties selling their pearls. far too few tourists venture this far north. >> and how long do you leave this oyster? what is the size you would like to have when it comes out? is this already a good size for you.

>> that's a bit small. after feeding, we put if for forty days into the water. >> promoting tourism and safeguarding the reef are ideas that seem barely compatible to diving instructur salote cina. she's been diving here for 15 years. >> from my point of view i think more tourists will spoil the reef, because in some places they don't get addressed you know to take care about what is down there, many people kick the corals" >> coral reefs are very complex ecosystems that generally have a high degree of biodiversity. but the species are also closely interlinked. if two important species are missing that could mean that an entire reef could be transformed from a habitat dominated by coral to one dominated by algae. >> to ensure the sustainable protection of the great sea

reef, jan henning steffen requires, above all, the fishermen to throw their support behind the idea. >> the approach that i, and more and more ngos are taking is to work with the interest groups concerned and not to fence off the most biologically diverse area to safeguard bio-diversity. and i am hopeful that if the thing is launched properly that fishermen here will be able to do quite a lot for themselves. >> now who or what is responsible for an economic upswing? india's economy has recently been losing momentum, so prime minister narandra modi wants to

give the country a boost through large infrastructure projects. but that alone won't be enough to spur new growth. in our series "start-up india" we speak to young entrepreneurs with a track record for getting things off the ground. meet suhas gopinath, who at the tender age of 14, defied the odds to show what it takes to launch a global business. >> you don't really need a moustache or beard to start something. so when you see there is a opportunity you should just grab it. i knew that if i have to wait until 18 years may be those opportunities that existed by then, may not be waiting for me. for a large country like india, we need more and more entrepreneurs to eradicate unemployment and poverty in the country. we can't be only expecting the existing employers and existing industry to offer jobs.

>> we are like super optimistic about india right now, because of the political leadership that we have, which are very proactive, which are by the success part of bill gates. and i felt when he can start his company on his backyard, why not start my company from the internet shop? >> my name is suhas gopinath. i'm the ceo and founder of globals incorporated. this is a company which i founded when i was 14. our company focuses on big data and analytics.

i had this barter deal with this internet shop owner that when he goes for his lunch in exchange i use internet for free of cost. it was at this internet shop i was a freelancer who used to build websites for american companies who didn't have a website. we couldn't incorporate in india because of my age. so we had a virtual office in the us. our company focuses on analytics for education institutions to forecast about the learning outcomes of the students, teacher's effectiveness, managing the administrations of schools and colleges. as a valuation i would say that

we are a multimillion dollar company. and we have now expanded our operations in western europe, in india and the us and now we are aggressively expanding within africa and as well as south east asia. as an organization we got 150 employees right now. so for indian youth i think they are extremely hungry for opportunities. so which means that our indian youth want to see the breakthrough actually in their own lives. >> modi wants to create ten million new jobs a year >> i'd never felt like spending my money on some fancy cars or to buy a penthouse for myself. i've always felt that you save

your earnings and maybe you can invest in other entrepreneurs or others start--ups or you could use it for social causes. and the most important is, we are trying to eradicate unemployment in india. i can't imagine myself having a snobbish lifestyle. >> amazing -- and you haven't even seen all of his cv yet! so if you've done your homework already -- we'd love you to join us on facebook to talk about where india's economy is heading and who should be driving it. ou can find us at facebook.com/global3000. offline that's all we have time for this week, but do join us again, same time same place in seven days' time. until then, bye bye. [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org]

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