tv Global 3000 PBS February 11, 2015 12:30am-1:01am PST
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"the influence of money has reached toxic levels," that's how nobel laureate and former us vice president al gore sums up the way financial markets rule our world. initially designed to provide finances to businesses worldwide, the money economy has long outgrown what is now referred to as the "real economy". you're watching a global 3000 special edition on money - and here's what's coming up over the next half hour. top secret -- why negotiations over the historic ttip trade agreement are kept from the public. good investment -- why namibias rhinos are worth far more alive than dead. and
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india -- meet the woman determined to stamp out corruption in her village. ask any global financial institution, the world bank, the imf, or the oecd, all rank corruption as one of the major obstacles to development. ask anyone wanting to get something basic like water supplies built in a village, say in turkey, kenya or india and they are quite likely to tell you that this won't happen without paying someone a "share." bribery is also a huge drain on india's economy as it struggles to re-gain momentum. but some refuse to play to these shady rules. chhavi rajawat is one of them. the 34-year-old businesswoman wants to play straight without any compromise. a move that won her the title "young global leader" by the world economic forum.
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here is the second voice in our series "start-up india." >> i feel like the system is just trying to shut doors in my face and trying to create this invisible wall. so yes i have faced certain hindrances which is because of the fact that i choose to work honestly. but i think it is worth it. so my dream has been, to create a model village, bring about the holistic development in this village and then help other villages. my name is chhavi rajawat and i am an elected representative. i head a village council in rajasthan. the village is called soda.
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that's where my family heirs from. so it was a reserved seat for a woman. also with reference to cast and religion, right at the very beginning i made it very clear that i'm not someone who beliefs in dividing the society. that i will not work on cast basis. so the basic amenities such as good education, electricity, water, employment opportunities, ecological balance, there is no one working in that sector. as what the rural sectors is concerned, my village would by and large represent many of the villages.
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so the issues where really really grave. forget water for irrigation, we didn't even have water for human consumption. there's a high percentage of down-syndrome, because the people are consuming contaminated water. in a village, everything is interconnected. so for example if i didn't provide for a save source of drinking water, what good would a good education institution do?
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obviously, he or she will not benefit from that. so my secretary, because he has been part of the system, he must be in his early 60's, he thinks that unless you don't bribe or you not get bribed, things wont happen. but i keep telling him that, while he's used to that i'm gonna prove to him that one can work in spite of it. to provide save drinking water we had to harvest as much rainwater as we possibly could. unfortunately the government did not had any project or any scheme that could have funded our initial project. that is where one needs to reach out to the private sector. in flat 4 days i was able to collect 20 lakhs of rupies.
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we brought in the earth movers, the machinery. and we were able to desoilt in 24 days 10 acres of the 100 acres. and i think we where just lucky. after a long spell, drought spell, 2010 saw great monsoons. and i think within the first shower itself, a reservoir, that 10 acres that we excavated, had been filled. so what that did was, it also changed the mind set of the villagers. because what i wanted was for them to participate in any development projects that we brought into the village. it's been nearly 5 years and there hasn't been a single moment the system has not try to
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break me. but instead of getting disheartened; i get more motivated by it. >> it calculates by next year the super rich will possess more than the other 99% of people in the world. paying taxes is one key tool of redistributing this wealth. in austan it is the rich who have managed to avoid paying their share. also a big problem in india. money that goes largely undetected. we take a look at indy very unofficial financial system.
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>> pappu nirala has to earn enough from his small shop in delhi to feed his family. he sells everything connected with pure drinking water. he's left with around 400 euros at the end of the month. he doesn't pay taxes and all transactions are cash only with no receipts involved. >> i don't pay taxes and i cannot save any money. my outgoings are high, the rent, school money and lots more. at the end of the day i am not left with enough. so i can't afford to pay taxes. just like many people in india, and it seems politicians are showing them how to do it. 100 members of parliament are facing a police investigation following accusations of tax evasion and illicit cash. indians are thought to have smuggled around 400 billion euros out of the country. prime minister narendra modi has declared war on such illicit cash flows but people still offer bribes for votes in election campaigns.
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>> there is a system which operates the black economy and in this system the policymakers have to be a part of it, the executive with the police and the judiciary have to be part of it, and the businessmen too. so there is a triad that runs the black economy. it must be broken and and if you do not break this triad the black economy will not come under control. >> aakash aggarwal can see the building boom from his balcony in delhi. the real estate agent is bang in the middle of the money laundering scandal. a house purchase always involves cash in hand to evade taxes, so called black money as opposed to so-called white money. >> when someone buys a property part of the purchase price is always in cash. >> whatever the total price is there, out of the total construction price you need to
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pay some portion of the premium in cash and some of the portion to conclude the deal. >> aakash aggarwal cannot avoid being dragged into the system. he says the problem involves the whole sector. >> i think the people who have lots of cash are the black money from different stores is that different sources. all black money over here. >> shri damodaran is looking to buy a modern apartment. but prices are rising and cash in hand is a must. this is a considerable problem for the employee because it's difficult for him to built up a sizeable amount of cash. >> the average working person who earns money on a monthly basis or keeps the money in a bank has to pay something extra.
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which is called black money. you have to convert that white money into black money. so you have to pay some of the money in cash. >> anyone looking to transfer money, even abroad, without the tax man knowing about it, goes to a so-called hawala money dealer. as the transfer is illegal, the dealer wants to remain unrecognised. its an ancient network used to transfer money. these rupees are for relatives in southern india. the dealer gets an 8% cut, calls a guarantor at the destination who then pays out the cash to the cousin. >> how can you say hawala is illegal? it is a help, a support for poor people. a full service at a minimal charge. >> and without the tax man finding out. hawala is seen as one of the
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pillars of money laundering in india. many indians don't care whether ii is legal or not. >> everyone suffers from a lack of implementation of policy. laws are not followed. people don't know how get work done without a bribe. so all round people suffer as a result of the illegal economy. >> india has so far lost an estimated 480 billion euros in tax revenue, money that is sorely needed to improve the nation's infrastructure. one of the shadiest businesses -- >> one of the shadiest businesses worldwide is the trade in rare animal species and the poaching that comes along with it. worth an estimated 26 billion euros its in forth place of organised crimes after the drugs trade, counterfeiting and human trafficking -- that's according to europol figures. in vietnam a rhino's horn fetches around 1600 euros per
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-- in vietnam a rhino's horn costs more than it's worth in gold - that's why in namibia gamekeepers are finding that despite some innitial successes it is getting harder to keep pace with the constant stream of poachers on the lookout for such instant profits.. >> the wardens are already on the job. they set out as early as possible because temperatures will soon be up in the forties celsius. they make the best progress with donkeys. they are out to protect the last black rhinos living wild here in africa and protect them from poachers. >> we often spend days out in the heat to find a rhino. other wildlife like lions, leopards and elephants are a danger to us. but we need to find out as much as we can about the rhino, their numbers, their state of health and behaviour patterns, in order
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to protect them. >> the first success of the day: the team has found a rhino trail. the locals learn how to read tracks at an early age. some of them used to be poachers themselves, forced into it by poverty. now, as wardens, they get a regular salary. >> i used to poach because we were hungry. for meat, not for trading with rhinos. but i much prefer feeding my family by protecting animals. >> they carry on for several kilometers on foot, following the rhino trail. in the distance, mountain zebras. the animals have adapted to the harsh conditions in the namibian desert. suddenly ganaseb spots what they've been looking for. for just a brief moment before the animal trots away.
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the wardens follow the rhino. in order to count the animals they need photos that identify them. the rhino gets wind of the men and it suddenly charges. black rhinos are more aggressive than other species. this time the wardens remain unharmed. >> we got too close. but we need to record all features and characteristics of the animals. that information has already led to the largest rhino data bank
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worldwide. >> visitors from all over the world travel to north western namibia to see the rhinos. the wardens take care of them and make sure the animals are left in peace. this group has hit it lucky. they are able to watch a rhino with her young. a rare sight. the wardens say poaching is on the increase again. the visitors say the situation is no better in neighboring south africa. rhino poaching there is worse than ever. >> the way it is going at the moment it is a downhill slide.
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from what i can gather we have almost reached the watershed where the growth rate becomes negative. the rate of poaching has outstripped the rate of birth in rhino so it is a major problem." !>> the wardens in namibia are on the alert. 16 rhinos fell victim to poachers here last year. two of them from the project area. the trust has now stepped up surveillance flights. namibia is in danger of once again becoming a major target for the rhino mafia. >> the syndicates are very powerful. they have a lot of financial backing and also pay people inside the countries, inside south africa and other african countries, to do the dirty work for them.
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>> there aren't enough wardens to cover the huge region but the rhino trust in namibia is looking for partners. that way more people can keep an eye on the rhinos and protect them from poachers. >> when big leaders have a grand vision, its usually time for ordinary people to scrutinise in detail what they are up to. ttip is the rather awkward acronym for a transatlantic free trade zone currently being discussed between the unites states and the european union. the idea is to reduce customs, to create -- and to allow businesses from both sides of the atlantic access public contracts, often worth millions. all aimed at creating jobs. european consumers fear a race to the bottom on environmental and food safety standards. and america wants europe to take on board its new banking regulations.
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where negotiations are heading is hard to tell, because it is all happening behind closed doors. >> it is an important day for eu parliamentarian jan phillipp albrecht. he has been assured that he can take a look at the new, confidential negotiation documents for the transatlantic ttip trade agreement. they are behind this door in a high security room. safe from the public gaze and off limits for most parliamentarians. first albrecht has to undergo a security check. we have to stay outside. they seem to be nervous about a tv crew being present. security personnel often show up. and then a surprise statement. >> i wasn't able to see the latest documents following the last round of talks because parliament, or those in charge here, don't consider me entitled to see them. although i always had right of
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access after the last talks in my capacity as member of the interior and judiciary committee. that right no longer seems to apply. >> does the eu have something to hide? the commission perhaps? >> the eu commission certainly does not want all its comments concerning the ttip negotiations to be made public immediately. >> the good old eu, the wicked usa, that was a common notion perhaps here in europe but it is the eu that now stands accused of undermining certain us standards. the eu wants less regulation for banks. we get to see several documents, marked confidential and restricted, for internal use only. the documents show the eu is backing the interests of its banks in a big way. we show the paper to somebody from finance watch which in principal isn't opposed to ttip.
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>> here there is a mention that no legislation should be introduced that influences market participants in doing their business. it's this infamous wording that the legislation should not be any more burdensome than necessary. so for us this really is a very questionable step towards further liberalisation especialy in the area of financial markets. could it be that the eu of all institutions wants to let the banks off the leash where regulating them is concerned? the eu is opposed to the stricter us stipulations. the usa demands large foreign banks meet higher standards if their annual turnover amounts to more than 43 billion euros. here in the us we meet former us secretary of commerce mickey cantor. he supports the strict us reglemention of banks and is
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critical of the eu. >> i think it's important that the europeans come up to the us-standard. the us doesn't hold a standard in other areas, and we need to come up to the european standards, environment, food, food-safety and so on. on the other hand i believe it'd be hopeful if the europeans would agree to raise their standards in their banking system. >> what's known as the dodd-frank act was introduced in the us after the 2007 financial crisis. its aims -- 1. to increase consumer protection. 2. enforce more transparency in securities trading. 3. work to establishing a monitoring system for the finance market. 4. demand increased control of major banks. 5. require banks to increase reserve funds.
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we ask michael kemmer, head of the german banking association, how the dodd act would affect european banks. you >> we still have certain differences between europe and the us. ironing out these differences and getting rid of them where possible would be very good because it would also limit access hurdles for the banks in the other country. >> but you'd prefer the european regulations. >> i am not a total fan of the us rules because they have certain aspects that don't really fit in with the way the present european banking system works. >> the banking associations seem to have exerted influence on the ttip negotiations. we find further documents. the british thecityuk banking association says the proposal by the eu commission is so close to its own proposals it could be straight out of its ttip brochure. the eu member states agree just how important it is to have
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large international banks. further confidential documents we were able to see show how they pursue this aim during ttip negotiations. the member states even exert pressure on the eu commission and demand "tough negotiations in financial services" and that they "don't prematurely throw in the towel." concerns regarding the influence of european banks on ttip are growing. the director of the world's largest consumer protection organisation in washington shares these fears. >> it's a push down agreement, it's to push down the higher standards on either side of the atlantic. so european food standards, european consumer privacy standards, us financial regulations, that's the goal. and so if that's the goal and that's the engine, the kind of agreement that consumer groups on either side of the atlantic want is not on the table unfortunately. but that would be fatal for the financial market.
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the last bank crash brought the world economy dangerously near to total collapse. so what do you make of ttip. is there a price to pay to create an estimated two million new jobs, or do you think we are handing too much power to the multinationals? join our discussion on facebook and find out what other viewers think across the globe. that was our global 3000 special on global finance. thanks for watching and do join us again next week. until then, bye bye! [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, him which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org]
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>> it's important historically that people know who hank cochran was and what he did, and he always wanted to be the hemingway of country music, and i think he did it. >> it's stunning when you look at the body of work that he was able to accomplish and stay relevant for so long. that's way out of the ordinary. >> ♪ i've got everything ♪ everything but you >> they will be recording hank cochran songs way down the line and probably not even know who he was. >> i think it's really important for people to understand where country music came from and the era of the '50s and '60s, which is hank cochran, harlan howard, willie nelson, roger miller. these guys set the standard for writing songs. >> ♪ don't you ever get tired ♪ of hurting me
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♪ he was responsible, really, for me going to nashville and getting a job writing for pamper music. hank had a lot to do with me getting started. >> i met hank. he reached out his hand and had a cd that already had my name on it. i kind of gathered that this wasn't by chance. >> shortly after he first met him, hank was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer, so for the two years he lived after that, jamey would get off the road and pull his bus right up to the hospital, ran up to see hank, raise hank's spirits, and just--he was always--always around. up to the night hank died, he was here. >> ♪ now tell me ♪ would these arms ♪ be in your way >> it was shortly after hank died i got a text message, and it was from jamey, and he said, "would you mind if
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i did a hank cochran album?" so i couldn't believe it, you know. >> ♪ so lay ♪ all your doubts aside ♪ when you go to bed tonight >> he should be in the country music hall of fame. he was very influential in setting the bar for all the writers that we have coming down the line. >> well, he was pretty much the foundation as a songwriter for a long time. >> you know, he was really an artist who chose not to be an artist. all of the artists respected his ability to perform a song. the singers wanted to see if they could just sing that good. i know i did. >> if i had to dream up somebody like hank to influence songwriters, i couldn't have done a better job. he influenced you not only as an artist and songwriter, but also just as a person. [upbeat twangy music] ♪
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>> memphis, tennessee... it has been written if music were religion then memphis would be jerusalem and sun studio its most sacred shrine. and you are here. with jason freeman. >> memphis means music, and the spirit of sun studio lives at the memphis music foundation in one-of-a-kind music resource center. this nonprofit is committed to helping artists succeed in their music careers. ♪ >> my name is jas
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