>> terror in west africa -- large swathes of northern nigeria are firmly in the hands of the islamist boko haram movement. the militants' brutal reign of violence is threatening to spill over into nigeria's neighbors. that's one of the topics on this week's edition of "global 3000." i'm kate laycock. welcome to the show. which is looking something like this. africa under siege -- who will stop boko haram's deadly advance? a river runs through it. new hope for indigenous people in peru's embattled amazon

region. china gets its skates on -- or its skis -- in the race for another olympic bid. it's now been over nine months since the mass kidnapping of hundreds of school girls in chibok, northern nigeria, brought the terrorist organisation boko haram to the world's attention. overnight, the hashtag "bring back our girls" campaign became a global rallying cry for a rescue which then was never forthcoming. instead, boko haram was able to tighten its grip on the north unimpeded. but whilst the girls' parents may have lost faith in their government's response, they haven't given up hope of seeing their children again. >> they meet here every day. their rallying cry -- "bring back our girls." among them are lawyers, doctors, window cleaners, and taxi drivers. they're united by the determination not to let the kidnapped schoolgirls of chibok be forgotten. some of the meetings are

attended by parents of the missing schoolgirls. rebecca and samuel yaga's daughter was among the pupils abducted. they are appalled by the government's lack of action. >> we don't trust them because before, we trust them, and they call us to say that they'd seen our daughters. they don't come. and we trusted them. but just talking like this, we no longer trust them. >> her daughter serah had just completed her final school exams when she was abducted. she'd been planning on studying medicine in the capital upon her graduation. for the parents, the uncertainty is maddening. >> every day, i wake up and think, maybe today is the day i'll get my daughter back. i know she won't be in good health -- but if only she's still alive. we'll get through the rest. i just want to hold her in my arms again.

>> some 300 schoolgirls were abducted from this boarding school in chibok, northern nigeria, last april. the terrorists came by truck in the middle of the night. after kidnapping the pupils, they burnt down the school. a few of the girls managed to escape. they are too scared to be identified on camera. >> did anybody come to help you? >> nobody. i thought that we would have help from our teachers. but there is nobody in the school. everybody ran. >> the girls have been left traumatised. for days, there was no news of their classmates. then this video emerged. the boko haram terror group claimed responsibility for the abductions. in the video, the group's leader demands the release of boko haram prisoners in exchange for the girls. if not, he says the group will

sell or enslave them. other girls who managed to escape later reported being raped and abused. boko haram is known for its brutal tactics. but this was the first case to attract international media attention. millions of twitter users called for the girls' release. for years, ordinary people in northern nigeria have been terrorised by boko haram. but it's only now that their suffering is being recognised. nigeria's president promised action but has so far failed to deliver. speaking shortly after the kidnappings, he issued this statement -- >> under the circumstances, is is traumatizing. it is quite painful. but let us reassure them that we'll get their daughters out. >> but that hasn't happened. instead, boko haram have continued their brutal attacks, taking one village after another.

they already control vast areas of land. their ultimate aim is to establish a caliphate in northern nigeria and surrounding territory. the group is also well-known for its illegal trade in arms and drugs. nigeria's police force and army have been unable to provide any real resistance to the group. despite being well-funded, the military in the north is poorly equipped. and soldiers' wages are low. rebecca and samuel yaga say their daughter and her kidnapped classmates have been failed by the government. they intend not to return to their home in northern nigeria. the memories of what happened there are simply too painful. if such attacks are allowed to continue, the country could be split in two. >> hostage taking in cameroon, a bomb attack in a crowded nigerian marketplace, and boko haram's deadliest massacre to

date, near lake chad -- those are just some of the atrocities the terrorist organization has perpetrated in the past month alone. the death toll is difficult to determine. north-eastern nigeria has become a no-go zone for journalists and aid organizations alike. however, amnesty international estimates that so far, boko haram attacks have displaced 1.5 million people. we look at some of the reasons behind the group's deadly advance. >> founded in 2002, boko haram fiercely opposes western education and wants to establish an islamic state. the enormous divide between nigeria's impoverished north and its oil-rich south is considered a major factor in the terror group's growth. >> at no point in nigeria's history have the powerful cared about the plight of the poor. they have utterly failed the people of the north. and it's in that context, in those difficult socio-economic circumstances, with a high rate

of unemployment, that boko haram found its supporters. >> boko haram is funded by kidnap ransoms, black market dealings, and from private donors both at home and abroad. it also has links to other terrorist groups, like al-qa'ida. it routinely carries out attacks in the northern states of borno, yobe, and adamawa, as well as in neighbouring countries. last week, the group kidnapped at least 60 people in cameroon. the attack strengthened calls for african nations to work together to combat the group. those calls were echoed by ghanian president john mahama, who spoke to dw while visiting germany recently. >> i believe that the time has come for us to deal with it in a more comprehensive manner. and i believe a regional force would be the way to go. >> the nigerian military has invested few resoruces in serving the north of the country. while the capital abuja is well protected, troops in the north

are poorly supplied. many end up defecting and joining boko haram. >> if the opposition candidate -- the army is a complete failure. it's corrupt and supplies boko haram with weapons. >> and some analysts say the only hope of defeating boko haram rests on a candidate standing in february's presidential election. a former military commander and a muslim, he recently declared war on bogota rom. -- boko haram. >> if the opposition candidate buhari loses the election, he's likely to launch an appeal, since the vote won't actually take place in many parts of the northeast. that's down to people fleeing and to boko haram's campaign of intimidation in the run-up to

election day. >> boko haram has rapidly grown into a powerful army -- its focus now on expanding the already large swathes of territory it controls. as february's elections approach, many fear the terror group will take the opportunity to wreak more havoc. >> just why has the nigerian military response been so ineffective? go to the "global 3000" facebook page to join in the debate. take a look at south america's amazon rainforest on the map, and you'll see that it covers an area almost as big as australia. parts of it in eastern peru have been declared protected areas. but the indigenous peoples living along the banks of the madre de dios river are feeling the effects of deforestation, pollution, and climate change. their traditional livelihoods, like fishing, depend on the region's biodiversity.

now the eba amazoniia project is trying to develop alternative sources of income for these communities. >> the amazon basin in south-eastern peru. it covers about a million square meters of rainforest. many communities here still use traditional fishing techniques, dating back centuries. but alberto yonaje is finding it increasingly difficult to make a living from fishing. >> back in the day, we would catch a lot of fish with my uncle. now you can spend all day here

and go home with just one small fish. sometimes you return empty-handed. >> but it's not just the fishing industry that's suffering. elsa cheréua can barely live from agriculture any longer. >> the climate has changed. it's got much hotter. it's barely possible to work on the fields anymore. the sun burns your skin. >> locals have had to take action to deal with the effects of climate change. we're on route to a fish breeding facility in the middle of the rainforest. the eba amazonia project provides support to people whose livelihoods are threatened by climate change. for several years, one of the amazon's best-known species of fish has been bred here. the amazonic pacu -- one of the most popular delicacies in the region. locals from shintuya have come here to learn how to breed the

rare fish. the head of the laboratory explains how artificial insemination works. it takes 25 days for the first fish larvae to hatch from the eggs. of the 19 families living in the the area, half now own breeding ponds. amazonic pacus grow fast and live off a diet of mostly dry food. when the fish are three weeks old, they're ready to be transported. 100 fish cost the equivalent of about 10 euros. the project covers delivery costs in the first year. part of that funding comes from germany's international climate initiative.

after the first year, locals must pay for the deliveries themselves. as well as getting the fish back to their village, fishermen must also pay for fish food and transport to customers. for now, they can just about eke out a living. >> i can sell my fish at the market. that's how we survive. usually, though, we get individual orders from the restaurant. i sell 10, 15, sometimes even 20 kilograms there per week. >> pollution and overfishing pose a major threat to the amazon's riverways. in many cases, their primary use

is now as a transport route. some communities are barely accessible overland. the community in shintuya has now got its first large fishpond. soon, the water here will be full of young fish. breeders want to introduce a small but critical change to feeding practices. >> these fish taste different from the traditional riverfish. kind of like chicken. perhaps the pacus are being over-fed. our advantage is that there's a lot of fruit in our surroundings, like pilfayo and bananas. we want to mix those with the fish food. >> wild amazonian pacus live off fruit, like the banana plants

which hang over the river basin. the climate initiative project also supports banana plantations. just a few years ago, there were barely any trees here. farmers used slash-and-burn methods to prepare the land for tropical cassava plants. so, not only are the banana trees good for the ecosystem, they also provide an income to several families here. it's friday. that's delivery day for elsa jerewa. her daughter and husband help her catch the fish. at two years old, these pacus are now ready for eating. the journey to the restaurant takes half an hour. in the past, it was only accessible by boat.

the restaurant owner pays elsa about 17 euros for her delivery of six kilos of fish. "paco con yuka" is the name of the region's traditional dish. thanks to the hard work of people like elsa, it's now back on the menu for good. >> now from a project reinventing a traditional rural industry to one bringing modern -- and typically urban -- skills to the countryside. according to a recent report released by swiss bank credit suisse, successful infrastructure investment is bringing newfound prosperity to people in rural india. enter ajay chaturvedi, an enterprising member of the "young global leaders" network. his business model sets out to facilitate the social empowerment of rural women by bringing computing to the countryside.

this is a portrait from our series "indian start up." ♪ ♪ >> one rupees, please, hello one rupees, hello one rupees -- >> let me burst the bubble here. everyone thinks that this is the indian pyramid. actually, the indian pyramid is more like this. and then there is a line. all of us are pretty much here. the people the europeans see, that you are seeing, are here we have been in the 0.01% of the the population. the rest of the population is here, which is in deep down rural india. it's about 17 rupees a day. which is roughly 20 cents. that's the difference that we are talking about.

the very first village i went to was in north india, in a state called haryana, which could be remotely equated to afghanistan. there is no concept of women empowerment. you finally get to a point where you say: it needs electricity, it needs connectivity, it needs internet, and it needs information. somebody that you are trying to educate on hygiene needs to know what the importance of hygiene is. my name is ajay chaturvedi. i run an organization called harva, which stands for "harnessing value of rural india." we set up rural, digital huts in places which have no access and little or no value. so we then typically end up

training the women in these villages on computer skills. and we employ these women on basic bpo jobs. the woman who saw a computer for the first time ended up reciting the whole keyboard in 4 hours straight. which to me was mind boggling. but that was her curiosity and that is the will that she has to learn. and now she's able to reach out the people who had no access before. the second thing we end up doing is setting up farming help desks. so by virtue of the internet and connectivity now we are now able to educate farmers, and link up those farmers. it's essentially a whole family that's getting pulled and getting attached to the hut.

so by virtue of these women, about 40, 50 women in every one of this huts, they then become our grand ambassadors and go out to their villages. because of the women, you teach a woman, you teach their kids, you teach the whole village, and you basically rise the level of the whole nation. >> now we travel from india to china, to the capital beijing and its neighbouring city of zhangjiakou. the two cities have put in a joint bid for the 2022 winter olympics. once again, the region looks poised to emerge triumphant from an olympic bidding process. this time, the only contender left in the running is kazakstan's capital.

now, winter sports are still in their infancy in china, but with an increasingly prosperous middle class eager for new adventures, it's a sector which looks set to grow faster, higher, and stronger -- provided beijing's bid is successful. >> learning to ski on the chinese slopes. eight year-old guoguo and her parents are taking their first skiing lesson. they're part of an increasing number of beijing's middle class to take up the sport. many welcome the chance to unwind on the pistes, where the air is clean. the drive from the capital to the resort of zhangjiakou takes three hours. wang is an architect and his wife works in human resources. they didn't learn to ski until they were in their forties. that's not uncommon in china, which doesn't have much of a skiing tradition.

>> we go really slowly, as we're still beginners. but you can still pick up pretty good speed if you don't brake. a couple of our friends have suffered serious injuries. so i do get a bit scared when i go fast. >> wintersports are not yet well established in china. but that could soon change. beijing and zhangjiakou have presented a joint bid for the 2022 winter olympics. if they get it, some of the events would take place in this resort. though temperatures here can fall to minus 18 degrees celcius in the mornings, it's also very dry. snowfall is so rare here that most of the slopes are constucted using artificial snow. there's no sign of any snow in the neighbouring valley either. this is where organisers want to hold the biathalon event, among others. but the committee's confident they can overcome such challenges.

>> we need to make sure that we don't see a repeat of what happened in vancouver, where lack of snow had a huge impact on the winter games. we need to use advanced technology, as is already the case in europe, which collects snow from the previous year for the following year's competition. >> the olympic village is to be built on this site. it's currently home to farmers, who organisers say will be re-settled and compensated if the project goes ahead. most people in china support beijing's olympic bid, believing the winter games will drive investment and create wealth. >> if you come back in 2020, everything here will be completely different. there'll be a pretty little village, which will also serve as a holiday destination. it will create a wonderful impression. it will be like china on a micro-level -- a place that's undergoing rapid development.

>> there are currently four ski area of 69 kilometers and 82 slopes. wintersport tourism is rising rapidly -- last year alone, it increased by 40%. china has few wintersports champions and none in downhill skiing. the country has a lot of catching up to do. most people only took up the sport as adults. one of them is 59-year-old doctor gao xiaoping, who first hit the slopes at 56. now an avid skiier, she's already planning a ski trip abroad. >> we just bought a magazine featuring the best ski resorts around the world. there are some in new zealand, switzerland, japan, france, and canada too. i think i'll begin with canada!

>> as is the case elsewhere, skiing in china is expensive. a daily pass in this resort costs the equivalent of 70 euros. add to that the cost of travel and renting gear -- this is a sport for the wealthy. a successful bid would provide a major boost for wintersports in china. but even more critically, it could help promote the country on the international stage. >> that is all we have time for today. for more information, go to our website. and don't forget our facebook page. thanks for watching, and goodbye.

steves: while dedicating a month of your life to walk the camino may be admirable, it doesn't work for everyone. but any traveler can use this route as a sightseeing spine

and as an opportunity to appreciate some of the joys and lessons that come with being a pilgrim. just 5 miles before the spanish border stands the french basque town of st. jean-pied-de-port. traditionally, santiago-bound pilgrims would gather here to cross the pyrenees and continue their march through spain. visitors to this popular town are a mix of tourists and pilgrims. at the camino office, pilgrims check in before their long journey to santiago. they pick up a kind of pilgrim's passport. they'll get it stamped at each stop to prove they walked the whole way and earned their compostela certificate. walking the entire 500-mile-long route takes about five weeks. that's about 15 miles a day, with an occasional day of rest. the route is well-marked with yellow arrows and scallop shells. the scallop shell is the symbol of both st. james and the camino. common on the galician coast,

the shells were worn by medieval pilgrims as a badge of honor to prove they made it. the traditional gear has barely changed -- a gourd for drinking water, just the right walking stick, and a scallop shell dangling from each backpack. the slow pace and need for frequent rest breaks provide plenty of opportunity for reflection, religious and otherwise. for some, leaving behind a stone symbolizes unloading a personal burden. the first person to make this journey was st. james himself. after the death and resurrection of christ, the apostles traveled far and wide to spread the christian message. supposedly, st. james went on a missionary trip from the holy land all the way to this remote corner of northwest spain. according to legend, in the year 813, st. james' remains were discovered in the town that would soon bear his name. people began walking there to pay homage to his relics.

after a 12th-century pope decreed that the pilgrimage could earn forgiveness for your sins, the popularity of the camino de santiago soared. the camino also served a political purpose. it's no coincidence that the discovery of st. james' remains happened when muslim moors controlled most of spain. the whole phenomenon of the camino helped fuel the european passion to retake spain and push the moors back into africa. but by about 1500, with the dawn of the renaissance and the reformation, interest in the camino died almost completely. then, in the 1960s, a handful of priests re-established the tradition. the route has since enjoyed a huge resurgence, with 100,000 pilgrims trekking the santiago each year.

♪ >> memphis, tennessee. it has been written, if music were religion, then memphis would be jerusalem and sun studio its most sacred shrine. and you are here! with tav falco and chelsea crowell. >> memphis means music and the spirit of sun studio lives at the memphis music foundation in our one of a kind music resource center. this nonprofit is committed to helping artists succeed in their music careers.