tv Focus on Europe PBS June 6, 2015 6:00pm-6:31pm PDT
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here is what we have for you this week. turkey, armenians resist demolition of kids holiday camp. a former fighter tells his story. and a couple goes to greece to pay personal compensation for nazi crimes. turkey's strongman wants even more power and being the president he would like his country to change to a presidential system. he needs his ruling party to win
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big in the upcoming parliamentary election. but it doesn't look like that is going to happen. the gezi protests were the most powerful sign that many are unhappy with the autocrats encroachment on basic freedoms and the civil rights movement is trying to do something against it. there have been several incidents that show erdogan pass -- aragon's grip on turkey is weakening. -- erdogan's grip on turkey is weakening. >> silva and her sister have cooked this food as contribution in the fight against the ruthless construction plans in their home city of istanbul. >> we want to support the protesters and the children's home.
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the people are there for us, so we should at least provide them with food. reporter: hundreds of people have occupied the grounds. for decades it was a holiday home for the armenian community. in the 70's turkey seized the area and later sold it. now the armenians wanted back and have the support of thousands of muslims. >> fighting is another important step. i support the armenians. reporter: for the armenians who survived the genocide a hundred years ago, this holiday home was especially important. it's where their children learned like armenian language and that christianity -- and christianity.
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>> i remember i used to stand on tiptoes. it was so high for me. reporter: bulldozers came three weeks ago to tear the building down. and investor wants to build luxury villas here. a telephone chain of -- chain alerted the activists. they stopped the work by positioning themselves in front of the diggers. >> i thought my god, if the home gets torn down, part of my childhood gets a erased. reporter: some people are unhappy about the protest movement on their street. many still feel resentment towards the armenians. why shouldn't they tear it down, shrugs one local. the government has fueled attitude such as these with its denial of the armenian genocide.
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it is cause for concern for armenian activists. >> we can see the country is run by -- alone. reporter: the opposition takes to the streets to spread the word. other citizens joined the movement as they march through the center of istanbul in protest of the destruction of the camp. , i still feel discrimination as an armenian. i also feel the solidarity of so many people. it gives me hope. >>'s spirits are high in the
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holiday home after intial success. the land owner seems to be prepared to give the building back to the armenian community. nothing assigned yet but everyone is relieved. silva and her friends are having a party to celebrate their victory. they have proven the pro-democracy movement in turkey is still alive. >> we always hear about the young european men who fall for jihad is him and become foreign fighters in the middle east. sometimes we see some blurry pictures. what we usually see our devastated parents who explain how their children got sucked into religious fanaticism and ended up dying in a faraway country. now we have the incredible story of a danish man who had a one-way ticket to hell but had a change of heart and made it back.
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>> i knew that this man had to be taken out. the cia was their plan for the beginning. it had to be done, otherwise people would be killed. reporter: a storm came from a broken home and lived on the rougher side of town. joining a biker gain -- biker gang gave him a sense of kinship. >> he knew a lot about guns. it was something that gave me some kind of temporary belonging or identity.
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reporter: morton storm came across that purpose. >> i couldn't stop reading. everything i wanted to know in my life wasn't in a book. you live forever. reporter: he became a follower of militant islamist leader. he demonstrated outside the u.s. embassy, burning american flags and calling for the founding of a some cash of an islamic state.
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-- calling for the founding of an islamic state. >> i thought this was jihad picked my biggest surprised i realized his crew was more or less just big empty barrels. i knew i had to go and join up with the real people. reporter: in early 2006 he went looking for them in yemen, spending time in the capital and surrounding areas. it is here he met a radical imam who radically -- who advocated jihad. at some point a storm began to harbor doubts. them it takes some time to become that islamic robot where you no longer think rational, you no longer think independently or freely. that software is dangerous.
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then you are in a position where you can hate your own family. reporter: eventually storm began to distance himself from islamic extremism and decided he wants to return to denmark. he offered his services to the danish secret services and cia to help devise a plan to kill and wa -- to kill anwar al awlaqi. >> he had a preference for blonde women and especially east european women. reporter: in this tape to message she presents herself wearing a shadow. then she takes it off. this video will prove lethal. storm clean -- storm brings it to his hideout.
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he claims it contained a translated letter that helped cia track the terrorist. the cleric was killed by a u.s. drone. the cia claimed sole responsibility of the death of the terrorist leader and danish intelligence ended its work with morten storm. today it refuses to comment on him and turned down an interview request. morten storm wrote a book about his experiences, partly to protect himself. morten: i had some information that was very vulnerable, that could even damage the danish government and also worldwide. so maybe some people were intersted in taking me out. so i said well, my only defence is to go on the offense, to go
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public. reporter: islamic terrorists reacted by sending him a video, seemingly recorded in syria. on the wall are photographs of storm and a number of other high-profile danes. the message is clear. but despite the threat to his life, morten storm says he's been offered no police protection. he'd like to lead a normal life. but that's unlikely to happen any time soon. anchor: when i saw this report the first time i thought "how can a nice guy like that become a jihadist?" do you understand how young people from europe end up in a war that isn't theirs? feel free to discuss it with me on twitter. if you live in the small country of estonia, in europe's east, there's a pretty high chance you'll die of an overdose. statistically speaking of course. drug use was so lethal at some point that it claimed more lives than traffic accidents.
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the main culprit is fentanyl, usually used in anesthetics, but more potent than heroin. once people are addicted they'll do anything to get the drug in their veins, even i that means using dirty needles. that's a recipe for disaster because on top of overdosing, junkies contract diseases that way. tiny estonia has a huge problem. reporter: when the weather warms up, karl likes to be outdoors as much as possible. we've met him at the harbor of tallin. the 24-year-old spent eight months in a drug rehabilitation clinic, and he's only been out for a few weeks. >> it started when i was 12. the older boys smoked pot every day, and we wanted to try it too.
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the older kids got the drugs. at first it was just pot, then came fentanyl. reporter: fentanyl, the synthetic drug that has addicted so many people in estonia, including karl. for years, it was the biggest influence in his life. >> my parents had no idea. my mother noticed i was taking drugs when i was 19 and she found needles under my pillow. she never noticed anything before then. reporter: those dirty needles were also how karl ended up becoming infected with a deadly virus: he's now hiv-positive. fentanyl is a painkiller 80 times stronger than morphine, often prescribed to cancer patients as a patch. it's highly addictive, and its effects are strongest when injected. it's also cheap. in estonia, fentanyl is more common that heroin.
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dirty needles are responsible for most of the new hiv infections in the country. kaido koplas spent years going after dealers as a member of the police drug squad. he knows how widespread fentanyl use is, especially among teenagers. kaido koplas: based on my experience, i can say with certainty that in tallin alone, there are more than 10 thousand fentanyl addicts. and you have to differentiate between those who smoke fentanyl and those who inject fentanyl - the latter are in much greater danger. his mobile office in the lobby of a tallin hotel. he helps out fentanyl addicts. on his blog, nihilist.com, he posts contributions from addicts who relate stories from their lives. they tell of feeling helpless, and of their anger at a government that treats addicts as criminals.
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kaur kender: some of them are writing stories about how they got busted, what it means to be stigmatized, what it means to live day by day wit a very difficult habit to fight like fentanyl. there are guys who are doing interviews with prostitutes who have to sell themselves to support their habit. reporter: estonia has one of the highest rates of hiv infection in europe. there are currently more than 8,000 cases officially registered -- that's nearly one percent of the entire population. jekaterina voinova is one of those infected with hiv. she contracted it through unprotected sex. now she works at a self-help organization. her t-shirt collection recalls the campaigns she's organized over the past few years. she tells us how people with hiv are treated.
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jekaterina voinova: to health care workers, we're worthless. women, for instance, are often pressured not to have children and to abort pregnancies. and there are even hiv-positive women who've been forcibly sterilized. reporter: those are serious authorities.aimed at the public health officials are trying to stop the spread of hiv, and to understand the reasons for the epidemic. kristi ruutel: we're currently experiencing the second phase of this epidemic, where more and more people are getting infected through unprotected sex, especially those whose partners are drug addicts. if the partner is hiv-positive and an addict, then infection is practically inevitable.
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reporter: kaur kender often vists the dreary high-rise estates on the outskirts of tallin, where he meets hiv-positive drug addicts. he tries to help those who aren't getting any support from the government. kaur kender: if they start looking at it as a medical problem, not a criminal problem, if they start looking at it as a humanitarian problem, then there are solutions that only politicans can make, that they change the law, that there will be alternative treatments. reporter: karl doesn't want to wait, and he doesn't want to relapse into addiction. medication helps him manage his hiv infection, and now he's looking towards the future. karl: i want to start over someplace new - in germany, or somewhere else in western europe, maybe finland. somewhere where living conditions for people like me are better. estonia is the worst, the government has abandoned us. that's not normal. reporter: karl knows that his hiv status - and the fear of
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developing aids - will always be a determining factor in his life. but he hopes to live as normally as he can, and, if possible, not in estonia. anchor: as you know the relations between greece and germany haven't been the best lately. at least in politics. there's the euro crisis of course and greece's approaching bankruptcy. many greeks blame germany and its focus on austerity for that. but there's also something else that's increasingly part of the picture -- nazi germany's terrible crimes in greece during the second world war. those include a forced loan that the germans never repaid. the current government in berlin insists that the chapter is closed and most germans tend to agree. but not all, specifically one couple from bavaria. they decided to take matters into their own hands. reporter: nina lange recently found herself becoming an overnight local celebrity. she and husband ludwig zaccaro are now famous here in the southeast corner of bavaria - for something they did two
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thousand kilometers away. they already had a reputation for their alternative lifestyle, and are regulars at the local spirituality center. as for involvement on the political front, they wanted to be the first germans to pay back their share of a loan that greece was forced to give to its german occupiers during the second world war. they had the idea after seeing the greek finance minister getting a dressing down from his german counterpart on television for raising the issue: ludwig zaccaro: he just said it was completely out of the question! the greek minister sat there like a schoolboy getting a reprimand from a teacher. i felt ashamed. reporter: the berlin government considers the reparations question to be legally settled. athens, however, was demanding 70 bbllion euros for that forced loan.
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doing some maths ludwig zaccaro and lina ange arrived at a figure of 875 euros per head. they headed for greece to pay their dues. nafplio is a major tourist destination in southern greece. in he 19th century it was the temporary residence of otto, the bavarian-born first king of modern greece. modern bavarians zaccaro and lange likewise came to local fame after handing over their share of the loan to a charity serving the needy. while nafplio has not been hit as hard by the greek financial crisis as other towns in the country, the german couple's gesture was much appreciated: voula dedea: to be honest i couldn't really beleve it at first. but when we read their manifesto, we were very touched. they are convinced that instead of us owing the germans, it's the germans being in debt to us.
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reporter: this little farm just outside nafplio is home to iannis and golfo stavropoulos. the retired couple are not interested in reparations from the germans. what they suffered during the second world war, they say, cannot be compensated for with money. iannis: i was tending the sheep together with my brother. then the germans turned up. we were young and care-free. they took my brother, and poked him around with their guns. a shot went off and killed him. golfo: the germans haven't changed much. then they came with guns, today with their mighty economy. reporter: the nafplio authorities are eager for peace with germans, who comprise the
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biggest group among tourists. and after welcoming the bavarian couple's act, the mayor firmly believes they are far from the exception. dimitris kostouros: it was positive for the germans' image. that symbolic gesture allowed greeks to see that the headlines in certain newspapers in germany do not reflect the opinions of the entire german people. although now we don't need any more germas coming here to settle their wartime debts!" reporter: and given that the mayor's office covered all the couple's hotel and restaurant bills, the town has certainly made no financial profit. the visitors themselves have come away with a good feeling: nina lange: afterwards it felt like having gained a new family of 11 mmillion people
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. reporter: they want to persuade other germans to similar acts of reconciliation. ludwig has a background in alternative psychological therapy, and is keen to introduce a spiritual edge. >> i would like to dedicate the circle and our thoughts to the people of greece, and to the government there - and also to the german government. reporter: in neumarkt st. veith, where he and his wife live, some locals are not impressed. a frequently heard opinion is that the greeks are just after money to pay their current debts. >> if i had debts like that, i doubt anyone would give me any more money either. isn't that a good example?" reporter: the couple's home now boasts a range of official thanks from their trip. the biggest honor came from crete: ludwig zaccaro: the mayor of vijannos heard about what we did, and decided to make us honorary citizens.
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the couple are planning to reporter: -- reporter: the couple are planning to return to greece in the autumn. this time they'll have no reparations checks with them, but the thought remains the same - promoting reconciliation between greeks and germans. anchor: well, i guess it's the small things in life that make the difference. thanks for watching the show, don't forget to like us on facebook by the way. you can also watch our reports there again if you want to. there is also a couple of ways to contact us on twitter. and we hope you'll be with us next week to see the new reports too! bye bye.
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steves: a selection of ferries make the 50-mile crossing between helsinki and tallinn nearly hourly. because of the ease of this delightful two-hour cruise and the variety a quick trip over to estonia adds to your nordic travels, pairing helsinki and tallinn is a natural. stepping off the boat in tallinn, the capital of estonia, you feel you've traveled a long way culturally from finland.
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its a mix of east and west. tallinn's nordic lutheran culture and language connect it with stockholm and helsinki, but two centuries of czarist russian rule and nearly 50 years as part of the soviet union have blended in a distinctly russian flavor. fins and estonians share a similar history. first, swedish domination, then russian. then independence after world war i. until 1940, the estonians were about as affluent as the fins, but then estonia was gobbled up by an expanding soviet empire and spent the decades after world war ii under communism. when the ussr fell, estonia regained its freedom, and in 2004, it joined the european union. tallinn has modernized at an astounding rate since the fall of the soviet union. its business district shines with the same glass and steel gleam you'll find in any modern city. yet nearby are the rugged and fully intact medieval walls,
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and the town within these ramparts has a beautifully preserved old-world ambiance. among medieval cities in the north of europe, none are as well preserved as tallinn. the town hall square was a marketplace through the centuries. its fine old buildings are a reminder that tallinn was once an important medieval trading center. today it's a touristy scene, full of people just having fun. through the season, each midday, cruise-ship groups congest the center as they blitz the town in the care of local guides. like many tourist zones, tallinn's is a commercial gauntlet. here there's a hokey torture museum, strolling russian dolls, medieval theme restaurants complete with touts, and enthusiastic hawkers of ye olde taste treats. woman: [ laughs ] steves: but just a couple blocks away is, for me, the real attraction of tallinn -- workaday locals enjoying real freedom and better economic times.
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underwriting for the production of autoline this week has been provided by: tenneco, borgwarner, and deloitte. from the autoline studios, here is your host, john mcelroy. i want to thank you for joining us on autoline this week where we're going to be talking about all these mergers that are going on in this industry and all the capital that it takes to invest in doing those kinds of mergers. and joining me for this discussion are: paul eisenstein, the publisher of the detroit bureau, also a freelancer in the business.
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