host: whether the european union can agree on a common policy on migrants or not, people fleeing from conflict, oppression, and dire poverty will keep coming. we report on the situation in south sudan. hello and welcome to global 3000. here's what we have coming up for you over the next half-hour. south sudan faces yet more violence. how the world's newest nation battles with old conflicts. argentina's pampas -- where environmentalists work with cattle farmers. and -- nightmare climate funds. how a hydrodam project threatens to drive panama's indigenous people from their lands.

when u.n. troops get deployed, it's often the first the world learns of something locals already know -- that politics has failed and security on the ground is no longer a given. globally some 100,000 military observers, soldiers, and police are currently deployed by the united nations, most from developing countries. the re-emerging conflict in south sudan has fast become one of its largest missions. it took just over two years after south sudan was founded for old ethnic conflicts to resurface in 2013. now some 2 million people are internally displaced and children are forced to fight. the u.n. camp in bentiu is the last hope for many civilians. but even here, there is no escape from the conflict. >> weapons designed to bring peace. u.n. soldiers from nepal patrol the perimeter of a refugee camp in south sudan.

the country is in the grip of war -- a brutal war that has reopened old wounds and a deep ethnic divide. >> the people here are under threat from other ethnic groups outside the camp, one soldier tells us. people from different tribes have come here from all over the country. >> more than 2 million people have fled the fighting. over 130,000 to u.n. camps. south sudan is being torn apart by war. can the international community bring peace? >> entire villages have been burned down. the residents nowhere to be seen. we're accompanying some peacekeepers on their way to the u.n. refugee camp at bentiu. some 70,000 people have sought

refuge here to escape the fighting between government soldiers and rebel forces. there are many women here, and many children. but hardly any men. >> some men have joined the rebels. some are hiding in the bush. and many were simply killed by government soldiers. >> most people in this camp belong to the nuer ethnic group. these boys are nuer -- and so are the rebels. south sudan's president is a dinka. the civil war has turned the two ethnic groups against each other. men with weapons. the children model what they see. we'll get revenge on the dinka, says this boy. the cycle of hatred and violence just keeps going. any nuer in bentiu have moved into the camp for fear of attacks outside.

bentiu is on the frontline. right now, it's under the control of the government. in other words, the dinka. lt. col. robert harz, german bundeswehr: before the war started in 2013, this was a beautiful city. there was vibrant trade and a community life. but the war has destroyed everything. >> lt. col. robert harz is a military liaison officer for the u.n. mission in south sudan. he's in contact with both warring parties. he has documented terrible abuses by fighters on both sides. just over a year ago, the rebels overran the city of bentiu. at least 350 people were slaughtered. government representatives are more than willing to show the german officer signs of what took place here.

>> the victims were not fighters. but they were dinka. they may have worked for the government, or simply not been effusive enough in celebrating the rebels' victory. lt. col. harz: you can still see the hole from the bullet, he says. >> what shocks him most about this war? lt. col. harz: that civilians -- women and children -- are the main victims of this war. that shocks me most. >> day after day, new refugees arrive at the camp. most of them report of terrible atrocities committed by government forces. all lies and fabricated stories says the government. but the u.n. workers have heard far too many such reports to believe they're all made up. >> one woman tells of how a

young girl was shot dead while collecting water simply because she tried to resist being raped for a third time. sylvester morlue, unicef: they just wanted to cause atrocities against this tribe to make sure that they do not regroup and come back for revenge. because actually raping a 10-year-old girl, it's just -- it's nothing about sexual pleasure. it's just vandalizing the girl's future. >> henrik hebo is a police officer from norway. >> hello, hello. how is business? is it good? >> the refugees have experienced terrible things. if they could just feel safe here inside the camp, that would at least be something. but the refugees say members of the government's spla army enter the camp at night. henrik hebo, u.n. policeman: we don't have any fences -- as he's saying to us, people can come inside the camp easily. and that's one of the problems. that they can easily -- the spla

can go inside, make robbery, threatening people. and that's not good. >> the u.n. peacekeepers may be armed, but they can't be everywhere at once. and the police only have batons. they're powerless to help. those invading have kalashnikovs. henrik hebo, u.n. policeman: i made a goal for myself. if i could make some good things for a couple of people in south sudan, i will be happy to have done it. the u.n. forces cannot solve south sudan's deep internal problems. but no one here wants to even contemplate what life would be like if the u.n. was not around at all. host: the united nations was not created in order to bring us heaven, but in order to save us from hell. that's how the second secretary

general dag hammer-chord summed up its role. clearly a man with no illusions that achieving even that is a tall order. when it comes to nature conservation, the roles of the stakeholders seem clear right from the start. big landowners eager to maximize their profits face down environmentalists trying to protect the last bits of untouched nature. not so in the pampas region of argentina. there we found a surprisingly pragmatic approach to farming these vast grasslands in a sustainable way. >> every day, the gauchos round up their herds. it's the best way to check whether one of them has been injured while out grazing. >> mac haynes is the third generation of his family to farm

cattle. his grandfather came to argentina from england. he started out with just one cow. today mac haynes has 3000. >> he is especially known for his valuable breeding bulls which he even sells abroad. while his cattle graze on one part of the land, he lets the other grasslands grow wild again. it's an environmentally friendly method that's become relatively rare in argentina. mac haynes, cattle breeder: i can only protect the environment if i can still continue my work and breed my animals. we have to find a balance between farming, which does as little damage to nature as possible, and conservation that doesn't conflict with our business. otherwise it's just not going to work. >> the pampas here in northeastern argentina are vast plains. grasslands with a subtropical climate and very fertile soil.

there are many regional species here not found on other continents -- like the south american version of the ostrich -- the nandú. and the area still supports literally millions of cattle. steak from argentina is exported all over the world and is a major factor in the national economy. but conservationists like gustavo marino have long been observing a worrying trend. since the 90's, thousands of hectares of forest have been planted up -- mainly with fast-growing pines and eucalyptus trees. the reforestation initiative is subsidized by the state. and the wood is a lucrative business. gustavo marino: the argentinean grasslands have always been farmed in a way that maximizes profit but is not very sustainable. it's mostly not been local trees that were planted but species from other parts of the world.

the farmers want to plant whatever earns them the most money, of course. so the grasslands only got secondary consideration -- if at all. >> gustavo marino runs an organization called aves argentinas. its aim is to protect birds. while looking for a way to protect the grasslands, he received support from an unexpected source. it was cattle farmers like patricia and mac haynes who most wanted to help. gustavo marino: we were looking for a model that allowed both conservation on the one hand and production -- cattle farming -- on the other. we noticed that many of the areas where we spotted threatened species of birds, there were cattle ranches. so it was clear that farming and conservation were not mutually

exclusive and that coexistence is perfectly possible. >> so the conservationists joined forces with the cattle farmers and set up the grasslands alliance. because the farmers now always leave a part of their land to grow wild, species that had become quite rare here are now starting to appear again. like the long-tailed tyrant -- a small lowland bird. patricia haynes: as members of the alliance, we've learned how we can preserve what we have without too much effort. and because we love nature more than anything, we always believed right from the start that it would work. >> but of course the family still needs to earn money to finance the farm and everything that goes with it. here, the conservationists have been able to help the farmers by coming up with a new business idea. a couple of years ago, the haynes started opening up their

farm for visitors and tourists. today, they have a group of bird lovers from the local area. patricia haynes: i've been really impressed. with an idea that's been well thought-through, we're able to earn significant amounts on the side. and at the same time, it gives us a good reason to let some parts of our land grow wild. >> gustavo marino and his team give the farmers instruction on ornithology so they can then pass on their knowledge to visitors. >> for today's group, the visit is a real highlight. at the farm, they can experience pretty much everything the pampas have to offer. ana maría soto, birdwatcher: we're learning so much about the

birds, their markings, their different beaks, and how they behave in the wild. but also where they build their nests or how they do dances to attract a mate. these trips are always something very special for me -- in a spiritual sense too. gustavo marino: people experience here a very unspoiled and traditional argentinean setting. and they enjoy seeing things that they aren't always aware of so much otherwise like the animals and especially the birds. if you look at them through binoculars or a zoom lens, you start to spot really beautiful things. like all these things we've seen today. >> at the end of the day, the visitors are served asado -- original argentinean beef done on a charcoal grill.

the meet is from a farm. the conservationists also certify that the cattle farmer'' meat is organic, so they earn more when they sell it at the market. another plus for the cattle farmers, the conservationists, and for argentina's pampas. host: staying in latin america, we head north now to panama. on paper at least, indigenous rights are well-protected there. native groups have powers of self-administration and can decide what happens to their ancestral lands within five autonomous territories. that's unless the government has other plans. like with the barro blanco hydrodam project which is being built against the will of the ngobo people whose lands will be flooded. the united nations special rapporteur for indigenous people established this constitutes a violation of their rights. and yet the project is being touted as a climate protection measure, partially funded by

european banks. >> the entrance to the barro blanco hydrodam project -- blocked by local inhabitants. they've been camped out here for days, calling for work on the dam to be stopped permanently. weni bagama: these are our rivers, our land, our livelihood. we indigenous people are here to show the world that they are taking away our land. this belongs to us. >> their anger is directed above all at a german bank. the d.e.g. is a subsidiary of germany's government-owned development bank k.f.w. its task is to promote sustainable development around the world. it's supposed to uphold strict environmental and humanitarian standards. and yet, it granted a loan of over $25 million to build the hydrodam. how does that fit with its mandate? we decide to investigate,

driving behind the wall of the dam and into the ngobo people's ancestral lands. eventually, we have to abandon the car and proceed on foot. until our path is stopped by a river. this is the river that's supposed to be turned into a lake. our equipment crosses by rope pulley. all we can do is swim. on the other side, we find the village of kiad. this is a protected autonomous territory for indigenous people. and yet -- >> they've put a marker here. up to this pole, everything will be flooded is what they've said. all this will disappear. we weren't even asked. no one informed us when the building work started that we would lose our homes. but we suspected it all along. that's why we've been fighting for our land. >> is that true? were those affected not even

asked? the indigenous inhabitants submitted their complaint to the d.e.g. a commission was then set up at the bank to look into the project. its report concluded there were no adequate consultations with the parties concerned before the project was agreed. the commission said the d.e.g. contravened its own standards, relying on the controversial approval of a local committee -- despite residents' protests. now the dam is 95% finished -- it's effectively a fait accompli. >> large parts of this area are to be submerged. the people have lived here for centuries in harmony with nature. one local resident shows us her house which could soon disappear. >> here where the washing is lying out is where we sleep. this is where we cook. i think we are rich. we're happy to have all this. it belongs to us. when i think that they are now going to dam the river and all this will be submerged, i can't

sleep at night. >> and it's not just homes that will be lost. fields and other areas important to local village life could soon fall victim to the project. >> here the village elder teaches the children the language of the ngobo people. he also passes on age-old traditions. >> it's not that we indigenous people are against development. but what is being called development here is only going to benefit wealthy firms. but for us, our protected land is what's most precious. >> the d.e.g. tells us things have now been rectified. as of immediately, there will be improvements in the way future projects are monitored, we're told. but in the case of the barro blanco dam, the complaints' commission says steps towards resolving the conflict are still

being unnecessarily delayed or nocarried out at all. back in germany, we talk to ute hausmann from thhuman rights group fian. shsays barro blanco is no isolated case. ute hausmann, fian: the d.e.g. essentially operates like a private bank. we believe it's not operating according to its mandate, by taking a wider perspective and considering political issues and strengthening human rights, but is operating purely in its own interests as a bank. >> is that the case in panama? we're going to meet a presentative of panama's government. it only came to power last year and is itself extremely critical of the project. feliciano jiménez, minister, panama: if the bank knew that the indigenous people affected by this project were n in agreement with it and withhe way it was being developed, i think they should have exerted pressure to ensure that those affected would be listened to. they should have stopped their

investments. >> the d.e.g. did know about the protests. but that's not all. it's now exerting preure on the new government in panama. in a recent confidential letter, it even demanded that construction work at barro blanco continue -- hinting that future investments could otherwise be in jeopardy. an open threat. the protesters went to theank, and met only with a granite wall. but they weren't deterred, going to the german embassy instead. so their demands now finally have been registered in germany. but will there be a reaction? host: and we'll keep you informed as to whether the realization that key standards have slipped leads to real change with this project or just accelerates the push to create facts on the ground. but for now, we'll introduce you to a woman of the world - who's never actually left her home country.

salote thina is a diving instructor in fiji. a job she chose 16 years ago after deciding she didn't want to clean hotel rooms like all the other women she knew. we asked her for her take on globalization. >> ♪ salote: i am salote, and i work for nukubati island resort. i am 38 years old, and i live in a village just straight across from the island. i work as a dive master. i go out every day diving, and i earn about $400 a week.

i am the only girl that works with the boys. it's a bit challenging because for us in fiji culture, a woman listens to a man. i meet new people every day. i used to be asked these questions. they ask me, have you treled anywhereutside of fidschi? and i say no. i am working here and the world , travels to me. now that my daughter is going to

high school, and if i lose this job -- i don't know. i would have to go home and look for something to start doing again. i don't think it would be easy. i live in a very little village and for globalization, we used to learn this in school the changes other people bring to our country. for me, i think these changes happen a lot in cities. but i can't see it in my village. there is no change at all.

there is still culture, the culture is still there. the people are very cultural. host: and we'll leave you with those images for now. we are back next week. but you can stay in touch online on twitter and join in our global debates. online, you can watch any of today's reports. do tune in again same time same place in seven days from now. but for now, thanks for watching and bye bye! [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] x0óq?rf?txx

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