>> hello and very warm welcome to focus on europe. taking a look at some of the individual human stories behind the big headlines. i'm -- we've got some fascinating and moving stories for you today. norway remembering the victims of the country's worst terror attack. and off the coast of germany going green in the deep blue sea and why the royals are back in business. i can remember four years ago getting a phone call from an editor with the news that there had been a terrible shooting in norway.

we rushed to the airport to get a flight as we heard many people had been killed by a lone right extremists. i remember talking to a man who managed to hide while he saw some of his groingeds shop. the memorial is not helping some of the relatives cope with their pain. >> one survived the massacre in norway. these parents' daughter did not. they spent the past four years trying to come to grips with the loss. >> it's a very emotional experience. there's a lot of pictures of people i knew. there's its own memory room. >> pictures of the 69 people killed.

visitors are asked not to take any photos. >> the most moving moment for me was seeing the portrait of my daughter. it's there between all the ore portraits. our lovely girl. mariana was 16 when she died. >> the picture touched me deeply. it shouldn't be there. >> before the killer made his way there, he set off a car bomb in oslo's government district. >> when i saw the wreckage of the attacker's car, i had to turn away. it was too much for me. >> you can tons destruction here and the power of the bomb. how powerful that was.

it's important for people to see what's left of the car. >> these are the moments before the explosion that were captured by security cameras. [explosion] >> the perpetrator parked his van in front of government buildings. the bomb killed eight people. by that point he was on his way 30 kilometers away. he boarded a ferry disguised as a policeman. when he opened fire, he was indoors. >> when the shooting started in the small hall, we, yes, flee, fled out. we went on to the farmhouse. we hid behind the farmhouse in the high grass in the trees. i remember when we were lying in the grass and forest and how

long it took before anything happened. and we saw blue lights on the other side, and i remember when like it was yesterday, and i had the same feeling. the old feelings came back. the helplessness of seeing police cars and ambulances on the other side. but nobody came to help us. and after a while we decided to try to swim over. so we did. >> the exfwigs takes an unflinching look at what happened and at the perpetrator. his false identification is included in the display. for some family members, details like these are upsetting. >> maybe people are so want to forget him so much that they risk forgetting some other parts to have terrorist attacked and what happened here. they try to forget too much and

some other pieces that are important to understand, they try to forget those as well. >> i can understand that this exhibition wasn't made for us. but for the rest of society. ok. they have not taken our feelings into account. but not everyone in norway lost loved ones that day. we have to accept that. but she remembers to -- prefers to remember her daughter in her own way. >> i doubt i will come back. i spent six months collecting everything that was in the papers. i filled 15 albums on my darling girl. >> but one thinks the exhibition is more effective than a memorial. he also has his own way of remembering. >> you can think of both, actually. because it's a place where

there's a lot of beautiful things that happened, and just because one day there was hell on earth, it doesn't erase what happened, all the good things that happened there before and would happen. >> as soon as august when the first youth summer camp will be held there since the attacks. >> such an awful tragedy. one of the things that struck me when i was reporting on this terrible attack was how norway acted and in britain and america security was tightened but norway decided to remain an open culture. there were germans scattered all over eastern europe. after 194534 fled. most of my german friends have stories of how their parents or

grandparents literally walked similar to refugees fleeing war zones today. many left romania in particular because of the particularly brutal regime. now many are trying to get properties once owned back but with limited success. >> this is where he originally comes from and where she would like to stay. she was born here. after years abroad she returned to romania to settle here. but ever since she began campaigning against corruption and abuse of local county critical, her life has become increasingly difficult. >> when you come back, you can see that the same old practices are still going on. they mustn't be tolerated but it makes it hard to find your place here and to be accepted. >> kristinson is fighting for property that once belonged to ethnic germans like her.

for years it was home to trancal veinian -- and tens of thousands immigrated to germany or their freedom was bought by the west german government. many were dispossessed. today many ethnic germans want their property back. one came back after the fall of the iron curtain 25 years ago. >> he takes us to his parents' home. it was seized by the communists, he explains, and given to an armyster. he has been fighting a legal battle for it to be returned to his family for years. >> when we immigrated. we were forced to sign a declaration of reunderstand in yapings, if we hadn't, they would have refused to let us go. >> back there according to christianson after the collapse of it, she found protocols of a

local county critical meeting in 2001 that proved it. it was decided at the depathering that these houses would become state property. the decision was supposingly based on a law. >> it doesn't add up. because the decision was made in 2001. but the law only came into effect in 2002 and 2003. >> sure enough the compulsory exappropriations were only set into law in 2002, a year after they happened. >> we asked the former mayor to explain the inconsistency. >> i can't remember exactly. but it's all wrong. it's a village dispute. the papers are all in order.

>> the protocol show associates of his took possession of a number of houses there. others have remained state property. we asked the current mayor what he makes of it. >> it's all a myth. i don't know anything about it. i've never heard of these 60 houses. >> typical says lawyer bow dun, many deny these wheelings and dealings ever went on. he represents those with property claims in transylvania. >> lots of villages have mayors with shall we say entrepreneurial spirits. they seized these properties and lined their pockets. i found out that the local county critical in the area even faked documents. that's how these houses were transferred to the state and then sold off cheep.

>> when -- now scroin have decided to leave once again. she and her husband originally planned to farmland here. their machinery is now just rusting away. >> we wanted to build a life here and commit to the region. it's a terrible shame that we have to give it all up. >> according to a traditional song transylvania is a land full of gold and wine. she had a different experience, and she is not the only one. >> now to the next in our special series about europeans under seattle.

this time off the north german coast where a lot of gemen's green energy is produced by huge wind turbines out in sea. many believe it's becoming a vyible alternative but a lot of dangerous work still needs to be done on the sea bed floor first. >> this lonesome wind turbine is located just off the north sea. it's a symbol of the renewed green energy and this one is called ocean waned supplies 300,000 households a year with electricity. but before a wind park can be built, specially-equipped ships have to scan the sea bed. a task force heads out on the salvage vessel to make the north sea safer.

mines, torpedos and grenades dating back to both world wars are still lost in its chilly depths. >> the well known dumping sites are enormous. there are probably a million tons of munitions polluting the north sea. in many cases the ammunition was dumpeds over board and the aircraft would have also dropped extra weight on their return journeys to save fuel. >> after the end of the second world car when the allies disarmed the germans. they disposed the weapons at sea and underwater robots like this one can detect the munitions before they possibly explode. this could happen if an acid fuse is activated by a chemical process, for example. >> so you've got a blast up

here. >> this person sits in a control room with his team of tension in additions and gio physicists observing the robot's progress. >> we often need to establish the specifics, that means identifying what type of a grenade it is and what type of explosive a mine and can the object be moved? and can we take it out of the area or do we have to arrange for a controlled explosion? >> these experts do dangerous work, defusing bombs that could theoretically kill them. >> this object appears to be a mine. the diver has to be scrupulously careful and any

sudden movements or unsteady hands could be fatal at this point. >> fear is disastrous. if you are afraid of explosives then you shouldn't be working in this field. >> recovering a bomb is only half of the job. special units then need to diffuse it. small remnants of potentially dangerous munitions can also wash up on the coast. >> old munitions are sometimes found by tourists and hikers on pguided tours. in these cases, it will be reported by the tour guide. >> a controlled explosion is the last resort. in the event that a bomb can't be defused, if the munitions can't be transported then they are rendered harmless under

water. many maintain it endangers marine life such as seals and porpoises. >> think of the practice of dynamite fishing which has thankfully been banned. it kil8d fish with underwater blasts. marine animals have a lateral line used to detect vibration which also plays a role in their orientation. a blast is extremely loud and causes a blast that can kill fish. >> energy companies planning the wind parks aren't aware of the environmental impact of their work but feel the exploring takes priority. it's a threat to shipping, marine life and also hampering germany's energy transition. but the task force also knows there's a limit to what it can do.

>> clearing all the munitions from the north sea is a job that could take another 10 or 20 years, making the coastal area completely safe would cost millions, let alone in the ballotic sea. >> over a million tons of munitions were disposed of including highly-toxic chemical weapons, a dangerous inheritance. >> you can't help but be moved when you see photos showing the face of dozens of smiley faces of those killed in a suicide bombing. many were teachers and stwuents an idealistic hope -- the group also thought to be responsible for this attack but it's also sparked criticism of the turk

irk government which is being accused of not doing enough to fight the islamic safe in order deep kurds safe. >> this is near the turkish border with syria. monday's suicide bottoming almost certainly carried out by islamic state claimed more than 30 lives. it marks a turning point in turkish politics. a tradesman fromisten bull. the bomb exploded just a few feet away from him. >> five minutes before the detonation, a friend brought me tea. a big poster was rolled out here then when the press statement was being read there was an incredible blast. the following seconds and minutes were absolute hell. >> the turkish state's reaction

to the attack can be seen just a few miles. the army has put the border area under firm control. turkey wants a buffer between it and its dangerous neighbor. many were wanting to re-build the turkish town then the bomb exploded. a piece of shrapnel pierced his leg. he was lucky to survive at all. >> what's especially tragic is that all of us here just wanted to bring help, to do good. we wanted to rebuild what the is had destroyed. the bombing in zurich could hamper it.

another gives the government part of the blame for what happened. >> all of us are stunned and sad. but we won't withdraw into passive depreef. we are angrier and more resolved than ever. we will avenge our murdered friends. >> in the weeks since the attack in zurich, police raids led through many places and they suggest the kurdish workers party members had also been hauled away. and bombing actions in syria and in. refugees and positions. >> in the past, turkey was passive towards is for near of strengthening the kurds. and they will continue to do that. turkey ised a manltly opposed

to a kurdish state in northern syria. >> since the attack in zurich, kurds have demonstrated all over turkey almost every day. they don't trust turkey's government under any religious party and see it almost as an enemy since it's started bombing iraq. they say their three year peace spross now meaningless and the islamic state? it's making wild promises of revenge. the turmoil has left marks on turkey and the whole region. >> finally to spain where a growing left-wing movement wants to have a referendum on whether spain should keep its royal family. here an attach ment of the rather undemocratic system of the royalses, you can only say as long as the people want

them. slick p.r. at buckingham palace saved them and today the queen is untouchable although many ask what will happen when her slightly less tactful son charles starts to rule. >> a picture book king. 1966. film also appears on twitter and on the internet. the model of a modern monarch. here he is with his wife, as always impeccable. the royal couple consistently make a fine impression. and everything is promptly spread through the social networks. suddenly spain's monarchy seems brand-new. and so the first year of felipe's reign has turned things around. many approve of him highly.

and they still remember what it was like under the old king, juan carlos. juan carlos abdicated in the wake of numerous affairs and scannedeled. he shredded the popularity of the spanish crown. felipe has worked hard to modernize this monarchy, and i think that's good. that's unusual parades because papa works for the gay organization, the old king juan carlos waso was thought of as a classicing macho who didn't have much sympathy for such organizations. that has changed. paco shows us pictures from a reception. the freshly-crowned feap demonstratively invited members of homo sexual groups to a summer party. and felipe increasingly gives a

relaxed impression. his wife a commoner and journalist seems to be his best coach. >> laticia probably did a lot to make felipe conscious of spain's reality. that has affected their style but also their content. they want to make the monarchy more transparent. >> journalist paloma esteban reports on them and is enthusiastic about the new transparency. felipe has published the royal budget and has cut his own salary. his father earned almost 300,000 euros a year. feap receives almost 60,000 euros left. he has changed relation of his mother and sister who have been accused of corruption and feap no longer has pictures taken

with them. spaniards feel a sense of liberation. >> that was a very important decision. the case with christina. at issue was the embezzlement of millions of euros that's why the royal family was so unpopular. >> feap r6 has made a good beginning but he will have to sway the increasingly critical youth that the monarchy still has a place in today's spain. >> well, that's it for today. thanks very much for watching. remember, feel free to get in touch. with questions or comments. twitter or facebook. goodbye from me. i look forward to seeing you next time.

steves: i'm meeting my florentine friend tommaso at i fratellini, a venerable hole in the wall much loved among locals for its tasty sandwiches and wine sold by the glass. -grazie. -tommaso: thank you. and when you're done, you leave it on the rack. steves: boy, it's intense in the city. tommaso: yes, it is. well, if you want to leave the tourists, let's cross the river, and let's go to where the real florentines live and work. -steves: what's that? -tommaso: the oltrarno area. steves: there's much more to this town than tourism,

as you'll quickly find in the characteristic back lanes of the oltrarno district. artisans busy at work offer a rare opportunity to see traditional craftsmanship in action. you're welcome to just drop in to little shops, but, remember, it's polite to greet the proprietor. your key phrase is, "can i take a look?" -posso guardare? -man: certo. steves: grazie. here in this great city of art, there's no shortage of treasures in need of a little tlc. this is beautiful. how old is this panting? woman: this is a 17th-century painting. steves: from florence? woman: we don't know. -maybe the area is genova. -steves: genova. each shop addresses a need with passion and expertise. fine instruments deserve the finest care. grand palaces sparkle with gold leaf, thanks to the delicate and exacting skills of craftspeople like this. a satisfying way to wrap up an oltrarno experience

is to enjoy a florentine steakhouse, which any italian meat lover knows means chianina beef. the quality is proudly on display. steaks are sold by weight and generally shared. the standard serving is about a kilo for two, meaning about a pound per person. so, both of those for four people? woman: yes. steves: the preparation is simple and well established. good luck if you want it well done. man: i am hungry, yeah. oh, look at this. ah! steves: oh, beautiful. [ laughs ] man: wow. steves: chianina beef. -woman: white beans. -steves: okay. perfect. man: and that one. steves: so, the meat is called chianina. tommaso: that's its name, because it comes from the chianti. steves: oh, from chianti. okay. and tell me about this concept of the good marriage of the food, you know? tommaso: well, when you have the chianina meat, you want to have some chianti wine, and they go together well. they marry together.

we say, "si sposano bene." steves: si sposano bene. a good marriage. in other words, the wine is from tuscany, -and the meat is from tuscany. -tommaso: exactly. you don't want to have a wine from somewhere else. that's it.

>> japanese government officials may reschedule the foreign minister's planned trip to russia. they'll do so if the russian prime minister goes to japan's northern territories. he may visit the island during a period of patriotic events for youth held from this week.