>> total eradication of the one deadly disease. it is an astounding fee, but humanity has managed it before. smallpox was first and it took the polio will follow. that, however, is now in jeopardy. find out why on this edition of global 3000. polio in pakistan, fear and mistrust putback nation teens at risk. loud and proud in egypt, women take to their scooters in a bid for freedom. and, sun, sea and sponges, zanzibar's inhabitants read an unusual harvest.

a couple of drops of a bitter tasting liquid is all it takes to vaccinate a child against polio. simple and effective. as recently as 1988, there were 350,000 incidents of this potentially crippling disease across 125 different nations. in 2015, only two countries reported cases of polio, afghanistan and pakistan. it is no accident that it should have been these two. these are the places were anti-vaccination propaganda is sowing doubt and confusion amongst the population. the problem dates back to 2011 when the cia used a vaccination program to track down osama bin laden. as a result, pakistani vaccination teams became the target of extremist violence. nowadays, they work under armed

protection, as peter knuz has been finding out. >> the power is out again in this little station in pakistan. one of the many problems the polio vaccination team faces. but the real problem is from religious fundamentalists, who demonize the oral vaccine the team gives to children. >> there's this one printer who claims we are trying to render muslim families in fertile with the vaccination. >> the vaccinate or zarling -- are risking their lives to save children. they have become targets of terrorist attacks across pakistan. around 70 have been killed in recent months. even the policeman assigned to protect health-care personnel was shot and killed. >> the ones who opposed the campaign are wrong because without these drops we would be endangering our children's health. >> a mobile vaccination team asked their cooler bag with live attenuated serum.

polio was nearly wiped out worldwide by 2012, but rumors of the cia faking a vaccination program have bred paranoia and vision throughout pakistan. the camera team reporting on the memorization campaign in lahore took along their owned armed security personnel. the attackers often drive mopeds, so police often refused to let mopeds through on street vaccination teams are active. it seems look for and vaccinate all children under five. many parents have to be talked into it. they've often heard the fundamentalist propaganda that the vaccine is the work of the devil or an american plot. the teams tried to reach every single child. >> the world health organization registered over 400 new cases of polio worldwide in 2014. and the worry is that the virus could well be spreading beyond

pakistan's borders. >> we just checked the thumb mark and if it is present, it means the child has been vaccinated. if it is not present, we vaccinate that child. >> the oral vaccine should be followed up with boosters. the top markings on the dorky track. pakistan is determined to eradicate polio. it has more polio cases than anywhere else. after and afghanistan make up the last region on earth where this virus still occurs in the world. a passerby talks to the reporters. this is what we find on the internet, he says, claims that drops in the vials are spoiled and toxic. how are people to know what's true when it's made to look so believable on facebook? >> the attacks and propaganda are the main reason why pakistan

has the most polio cases worldwide. there have been 28 cases this year already. we find an example of polio's effects in farouk about f --arooqabad. this woman is devastated because her grandson, her only male defendant and her pride and joy will never be able to walk will stop five months before, he contracted polio and now his legs are paralyzed. the doctor from the board of health offers no hope his legs will recover. >> we even had him vaccinated. >>'s father doesn't understand what went wrong. when the vaccination team came, the boy had had diarrhea for weeks and the drops didn't work. poor families living in unhygienic missions like these afghan refugees are high risk. it's also hard to keep track of the families, says a team member.

>> to have to keep coming back to vaccinate the children again and again. >> these people come from the region on the afghan border. they crossed the border frequently. come and others go. >> and the virus --new ones come and others go. >> and the virus spreads with them. >> the virus spreads most easily where hygiene is for. just look at the hands of these children. >> the father and enthusiastically thanks a team for their efforts. your the only ones who takes care of us, he says. polio spreads on the backs of chaos, terror, and disease. the people or have no sympathy for killings and attacks on vaccination teams. >> these terrorists are using religion to justify their acts, but this has nothing to do with religion. let me be very clear, these people are enemies of the faith and enemies of humankind.

>> the board of health in lahore is heavily guarded. dr. munir, the director in charge of the vaccination campaign, routinely receives death threats. now the specific strain of the polio virus in pakistan has been found in the wastewater in egypt, gaza, and syria. how did it get there? as a consequence of war? >> or maybe the so-called mujahedin, vucevic on to fight along with the isis, it might have gone through them. basically they are paid militants. >> propaganda and terror, poverty, squalor, any adequate hygiene, the polio virus depends on this unholy alliance to spread person-to-person. the vaccination teams are the front-line soldiers in the battle.

>> now when it comes to gender relations, transport is often an area in which theoretically quality comes up against the harsh reality of everyday sexism. egypt is no exception. while the country's new constitution grants women equal status with men, egyptian roads are full of cars in which the men sit in the driver seat. scooters are predominantly driven by then. but one woman is saying on your bike to that. >> rush hour in alexandria, egypt, out of the heaviest traffic is a woman on a motor scooter. it is allowed, but it is an unaccustomed site for egyptian men. she has been flouting convention for three years. the scooter gets her where she's going faster than anything else. she studied english and now she runs a day care center. >> good morning.

>> she have limited means, but ambitious goal, to educate girls of the next generation to be self-confident and self-sufficient. >> i want the girls in my day care center to be different for my generation. i wanted to know they have the right to do what they wish as girls, without restrictions. i want them to know their place in society. we don't distinguish between girls and boys here. >> s inhaimaa's world, may have mostly been in the driver seat. in egypt, women mostly sitting back, often sidesaddle. driving a scooter themselves is not considered proper. two women on a motor scooter is a rare sight, but it does happen. she would like to see it more often. so a year ago, she started a scooter driving school called "let's scoot."

and afterward she teaches young woman like nayera to handle their two wheelers with confidence. >> this is not customary at all here. at first, my family was surprised, but now they are convinced that we ought to public is this idea because when i drive the car, four seats are left empty. it doesn't make sense. there are better ways to get around. >> nayera is paid about 50 euros to learn to ride a motor scooter. shaimaa focuses on safety, even if hell is not mandatory in egypt. hardly anyone obeys the traffic laws in egypt musso she says sco drive defensively. in spite of the risk, she said the motor scooter is the safest means of transport, especially for women.

>> women don't have the time to fritter away half our lives in cars and taxis will stop and if we walk, we get harassed. the motor scooter ensures that men don't even get close enough. >> whenever women leave their home in cairo, they risk sexual harassment. lee ring and catcalls follow them on their way to class or work. a woman who tries to fight back risks creating a scene. so many prefer to keep quiet or ride in separate miscarriages. shaimaa ali is calling for an emancipation on wheels. in early may, she invited biker groups from alexandria and even cairo to demonstrate on the famous corniche waterfront promenade for women on motor scooters. she had to apply for a permit from the governor. it was by no means certain she would get it in a state that keeps a tight rein on all forms of public assembly.

her father, a former professional soccer player and referee, is proud of her. >> what's the problem with a woman riding a moped? nothing. i see it as protection for a girl. if she takes a taxi, the driver can always take advantage of the situation. >> but not everyone is as tolerant as her father. >> people who are very close to me have said, if you write a motorscooter you won't find anyone who will marry you. why are you doing this? but i didn't believe them. >> indeed, she has been engaged for a year now to a man from her motorscooter circle.

writing her motorscooter gives her a feeling of freedom, but more than that, every ride is another little demonstration for women's rights. >> and if all that driving has left you and need of a peaceful retreat, you are in luck. we are off now to the island paradise of zanzibar, which lies just off the coast of tanzania. but even in paradise there's trouble. years of overfishing have left many of zanzibar's inhabitants struggling to make ends meet. the c however has another harvest to offer. -- the sea, however, has another harvest to offer. the fishermen return from jambiani's lagoon with the tide. they have been out since early in the morning. now the eight men divide up the

meager catch. the skipper is not at all pleased. >> today is bad luck because we don't get a lot of fish. >> nassor uses dragnets with a fine mesh, but still comes up with only a handful of fish. they will put out against -- again tonight with the next night. stone town is the old section of zanzibar city. here, the fishermen auction off what they brought up from the sea in the morning to the island many hotels and restaurants. mohammed oh, -- okala from

jambiani has also come to the city to sell what he harvests from this leave. he has been supplying the souvenir shop of then the barre city for over a year now. >> 14. >> they are natural sea sponges, a popular gift item that can be used as bath sponges. christian of switzerland had the idea. he met mohammed when he first came to john b on the -- j ambiani in 2003 and they started the marine cultures ngo. both were already aware that the islands of almond taken a dangerous turn. >> just people now they are struggling when they search for a job. some of them they are going into the bush to cut the forest, things which are not good. so more disasters are coming. the communities still don't have

an alternative way to solve their problems. >> it all started when i was observing the women who farm sea grass as they worked in the water. i thought it was good that they weren't just hunting and gathering, but actually growing something. that impressed me. but when i saw how much they were getting for their produce i thought, there must be a marine product people here can farm and earn a decent income with. >> in a good month, they used to make around 27 euros from the sea grass. now they can get almost as much for a single sponge. but they had to learn how to swim for their new crop. the sponge farms lie several hundred meters out from shore. one kilogram of sponges can pump through an filter one ton of water per day.

>> farming seagrass is very hard work. it is exhausting because you have to haul these wet sacks, and you never have to carry heavy loads with sponge farming. >> demand is brisk, greater than what the farms here can supply. but marine cultures has decided to farm sustainably. all the sponge explants come from their own production. it takes at least one year for one to grow big enough to be harvested. >> because the sea is like the land. if you harvest things without to plant it means that the seeds will disappear. but if you just harvest and planting in so it will be there again and again and again. >> sea sponges have natural antibacterial properties, making them useful to people suffering

from allergies or certain illnesses. they can even be sterilized. the sponge farmers clean and process the days harvest at home. >> when we take them out of the sea, they have to be processed and dried. then we take them home and pick up the stand, shells, and little creatures that were dried inside them and then we wash them out. >> with proper care, ac sponge can be kept for up to 20 years. >> we had no idea there were people who used sponges to wash with. now i'm using one might else will stop -- using one myself. >> out in the lagoon, marine cultures is at work on a entirely new project. its first plantation for aqua farming coral.

>> we have an estimated 20 different species that we believe could be made into products for use in a wary arms. and coral is relatively easy to cultivate. you just cut part of the coral off and attach it to a substrate. these cuttings are very similar to the explants used in sponge farming. >> the next step might be to establish a protected area inside the lagoon. then the coral could also be used to replenish natural coral stocks. marine cultures has already got some of the local fishermen on board for the idea. one is working on a traditional fish trap.

>> first of all, we have to stop using these modern fishing methods. no more putting out at night, no more dragnets, and in we will if we can catch enough with our trap again. we have to change something. >> keeping the lagoon the and well-stocked is a village effort. >> we are getting quite a taste for island destinations on this program. we are off to the south pacific next to fiji, where paulina bibi is waiting for us. she is the latest dw viewer to invite us into her home as part of our ongoing series "global living rooms. -- "global living rooms." ♪

paulina: i'm telling not be be. meet my family. there is little beth, my granddaughter. there is joseph with his smile. he's my nephew. meet my twin sons. there is jp. and this is sandra, who is nathaniel's partner. so there we are, our little bb family. i want to take you on a little bit of tour inside the heart of the family. well, our tv, this is something new. we turn it on in the evening as a bit of relaxation for all of us. most of the time after dinner, because i would rather have my family as a unit having an sharing dinner together. and of course, talking about evaluating with the day's work has been like.

this is my great-grandfather. his name iskelepi, and you will note that special hairdo. that is very fidgety and -- fiji an. i hope it doesn't go away because it is our identities. he has an appetite, this fellow. and he knows when he wants to get our attention. so whenever anybody comes past, he's always having his mouth do that. being a catholic family, we very much serve, love, and have faith in our almighty god. and we call him the boss.

this is a very special place in our living room. this is going to be very special. i used this particular one for sunday morning devotion. we can use it as a gift to our friends, for family members, at weddings. this is very much part of our identity. thank you so much for coming by. and here at bbs --bibi's, there are no goodbyes. we meet again. and in fijian we saysoka tale.

>> it was hailed as the world's greatest promise, 15 years ago, the un's millennium goals the latest global leaders to concrete, measurable improvement in a key areas -- poverty, education, gender equality, child mortality, maternal health, disease, the environment, and global partnership. 2015 was the delivery date and while some of the goals have been met, substantial progress remains to be made. new goals call the sustainable development goals are currently being negotiated. and in the run-up to their large, we'll be hearing from children of the millennium, 15 euros to the future arguably belongs. >> i am 15. >> i am millennium. >> when you see other place as the world that don't have these big booming economies, it really humbles you.

>> are going to school. >> i like music. ♪ a wonderful savior is jesus, my love a wonderful savior to me ♪ >> "i am millennium." follow-up -- follow our upcoming programs to find out what that hash cap is all about. you can also find out more online and contact us the facebook to let us know which globally relevant goals you would like to see the world sign up to. that's all from us for this week. thank you for watching and goodbye. ♪ [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org]

[upbeat twangy music] ♪ >> ♪ world go away >> hank cochran is, without a doubt, one of the greatest songwriters ever on earth. >> ♪ and i fall to pieces

>> it's important historically that people know who hank cochran was and what he did, and he always wanted to be the hemingway of country music, and i think he did it. >> it's stunning when you look at the body of work that he was able to accomplish and stay relevant for so long. that's way out of the ordinary. >> ♪ i've got everything ♪ everything but you >> they will be recording hank cochran songs way down the line and probably not even know who he was. >> i think it's really important for people to understand where country music came from and the era of the '50s and '60s, which is hank cochran, harlan howard, willie nelson, roger miller. these guys set the standard for writing songs. >> ♪ don't you ever get tired

♪ of hurting me ♪ he was responsible, really, for me going to nashville and getting a job writing for pamper music. hank had a lot to do with me getting started. >> i met hank. he reached out his hand and had a cd that already had my name on it. i kind of gathered that this wasn't by chance. >> shortly after he first met him, hank was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer, so for the two years he lived after that, jamey would get off the road and pull his bus right up to the hospital, ran up to see hank, raise hank's spirits, and just--he was always--always around. up to the night hank died, he was here. >> ♪ now tell me ♪ would these arms ♪ be in your way >> it was shortly after hank died i got a text message, and it was from jamey, and he said, "would you mind if

i did a hank cochran album?" so i couldn't believe it, you know. >> ♪ so lay ♪ all your doubts aside ♪ when you go to bed tonight >> he should be in the country music hall of fame. he was very influential in setting the bar for all the writers that we have coming down the line. >> well, he was pretty much the foundation as a songwriter for a long time. >> you know, he was really an artist who chose not to be an artist. all of the artists respected his ability to perform a song. the singers wanted to see if they could just sing that good. i know i did. >> if i had to dream up somebody like hank to influence songwriters, i couldn't have done a better job. he influenced you not only as an artist and songwriter, but also just as a person. [upbeat twangy music] ♪ this program is made possib.

the ellis family foundation-- encouraging economic revitalization through the restoration of historic buildings in downtown marion, virginia, including the general francis marion hotel. you can experience the history of appalachian music at the appalachian cultural music association's mountain music museum and pickin' porch in bristol, tennessee-- the country music birthplace. historic marion, virginia, home of song of the mountains, in the heart of the virginia highlands. virginia sweetwater distillery located in marion, virginia. teds-- dedicated to providing workforce effectiveness solutions. the bank of marion-- your community, your vision, your bank. bryant label, a proud supporter