>> today, global 3000 goes to chile, where we meet some tiny frogs which biologists are completely mad about. but why are there numbers on the decline? and we had to nairobi, homes to thousands of street kids. while most people there ought to turn a blind eye, one person is taking a closer look. first, we had to the west bank where and israeli is supporting the palestinians here in their battle for more rights. 1967, during the six-day war, israel took over palestinian territory. settlers poured into the west bank, establishing settlements closely linked to the state of israel.

streets were built, military was deployed and security zones were erected to protect the settlements. life has become progressively difficult for the palestinians of the west bank. >> khaled has just found out that this man is jewish, and he can't believe it. he tells us he and his friend have never seen a jew like this. khaled: at the settlement checkpoint, i sometimes see jews and soldiers. once i was there with my father and our tractor. the settlers always make trouble. they tried to shoot a friend who was with us. he ran away. >> israeli writer and activist nir baram isn't surprised at the palestinian boy's reaction. he explains to us that deep in the west bank, no one knows any ordinary israelis, because no

ordinary israelis come here. he says most israelis suppress any knowledge of the daily hardships of palestinians and the occupation. nir baram: it's horrible, but feel there is a gap of knowledge between the ideas that i hear in israel, in berlin or geneva from people that never visited the west bank, never saw how it looks like, the road, the palestinian settlers. and i wanted to change this for me, for my honest political opinion, for my honest political involvement i felt i had to see what i'm talking about. >> for a year, nir baram explored the west bank, where scenic landscapes, misery and violence lie side by side. he gives new insight into an old conflict and new starting points for a discussion where it seems like everything's already been said. we go with him to the palestinian village of yanun. we pass checkpoints. israeli soldiers are everywhere, deployed to protect the jewish settlers.

nir baram: okay, we'll make two states, one palestinian state and one israel state, with blocks of settlements. there will be three blocks of settlements. but when you go in the west bank, you see that the settlements are not in some blocks. they're everywhere. settlements are everywhere in the west bank. >> by now, more than 550,000 jewish settlers live in the west bank, and they're spreading further, partly through so-called outposts like this. nir baram: if you go to the west bank, you see that to separate palestinians and jews is very very problematic right now. i've noticed that people in tel aviv and other places, they don't want to know this fact, because it contaminates their political illusions. >> nir baram has arranged to meet abu adam, who lives in ras khamis, in the arab northeast part of jerusalem. it's a district where only palestinians live. it's encircled by a wall, like

an enclave in the middle of the holy city, reachable only via a single checkpoint. nir baram: jerusalem is the city where i was born. all my life, this place exists where people of jerusalem, it was deported from jerusalem and live behind this separation wall. this is a neighbourhood that you can see the separation wall from every corner. everywhere you go you see separation. i met, like, a family with a very nice house, really nice house, and the -- in the house, the first thing that she told me was, this is hell. this place is hell. >> abu adam also thinks it's hell. jerusalem's municipal administration ignores the district. ambulances and garbage trucks don't come here. abu adam: you must understand that i'm a native of jerusalem, but i don't have the same rights. the authorities don't recognise us. we're second-class citizens. it's absurd.

no one cares how we live here. nir baram: this is a place that you can see a difference between being a jew and being a palestinian in israel, even if, according to the law, you have the same rights. and this is why it's so unacceptable, and the only way that we can really change, that jews will understand that palestinians cannot live in this way, if they are not willing to live in this way. >> nir baram calls the israeli occupation, which will soon have lasted 50 years, a demonic time. he thinks the traditional two state solution has failed. he's found support for his counterproposal in the palistinian city of ramallah of all places, from former prisoners who fought against israel for years. their joint project is called "two states, one homeland. avni al-mashni: people should all be allowed to live where they want: palestinians in israel, israelis under palestinian authority. then they'll no longer be

settlers. they'll be citizens. >> his vision of the future may be utopian, but at least it's a vision, in a region where it seems no pragmatic political steps are being taken. >> we have been visiting living rooms around the world. today our hosts are in india. ♪ >> welcome to velas -- my village -- and welcome to my home. i'm sumedha joshi.

these are all things i need when i cook, for example, rice, peanuts and mustard seeds. i cook our food here, in this oven. and the pumpkin comes right from our garden. this is our rice huller. when you hull the rice yourself, it retains more of its nutrients. and it tastes very good. when we gave the rice to the miller, it sometimes came back contaminated. so now we do it ourselves at home.

we use cow dung as fuel for the fire we need for cooking. we mix it with straw and coconut fibers. we shape it into little cakes, dry them and use them when we need them. then we use the leftover dung to fertilize the coconut palms. ♪ >> this is my husband, santosh joshi. he's liked swings since he was a child. he enjoys the breeze. his grandmother and mother sat on this swing.

sometimes even tourists come by. everyone likes a swing! when we let the gods into our house, we have peace. and when we pray here and our prayers are answered, our house is blessed. then we're happy and feel good. it was so nice to have you here. come again. ♪

>> a home and a family to take care of you. that's what all children need, and what so many don't have. many even lack a roof over their heads. worldwide, one hundred 50 million children live on the streets. the majority are from developing countries and emerging countries, but the usa is seeing increasing numbers of homeless children. since the financial crisis, there are as many as 2.5 million there, more than ever before. today we go to kenya, where there are around 300 thousand st kids, many of them in the capital, nairobi. this is nairobi, the affluent downtown area. and this is also nairobi, where thousands of children and teenagers who live on its streets in squalid huts.

clifford oluoch wants to rescue them, or at least make their lives more bearable, for instance, with sports and games. for most of them that's their only leisure activity. in everyday life, clifford is a high school teacher. he's a member of kenya's growing middle class. once, on his way to work, he saw a street kid trying to buy half an ear of corn because he couldn't afford a whole one. the seller refused. clifford bought it for him. the incident changed his life. clifford oluoch: they need the same, because here they want to excel in education, they want to be better citizens, they want to be doctors and lawyers. but even the fellows i'm working on in the slums, from the streets, it's the same thing. they also have dreams. so at the end of the day, i'm just trying to make sure that both of them do attain their dreams.

>> that's not so easy. nelson shipondi is one of the people clifford is supporting. his parents have no money to feed him or send him to school. now a teenager, he's lived on the streets since he was seven, and he's become a drug addict. he sniffs glue, and begs for money to get it. nelson shipondi: this work is really hard. most people just go past me. no one has given me anything today. just now someone promised me milk and bread. that's why i'm waiting here. nelson shipondi: what are my dreams? i'd like to be a pilot or a doctor. that would be great.

>> boniface is preparing a meal in clifford's kitchen. he, too, lived on the street for a long time, but thanks to the teacher's help, he's managed to kick his drug habit. he wants the others to do that, especially his brother, who's an addict still living on the streets. boniface: it's really hard to talk to them sensibly. sniffing glue makes them totally confused. you have to spend a lot of time with them before they get used to you and listen to you at all. and then they have to understand what they need to change. >> many helpers soon give up. not clifford oluoch. every evening after work he goes to his boys. he rented the room from the catholic church, and now he's also received funding from several other kenyans. at first he ate his meals at home. now he eats with the boys and counsels them. for most of them, he's the only father figure who's ever played

a role in their lives. nelson shipondi also comes here every evening. clifford advises him, just like the others. nelson trusts him. clifford oluoch: this is one side of them. the other side is the out on the streets. we have people going to rehab and actually going back to normal life, but you don't see them on the streets. right? so you focus on this side. this is a work in progress. >> clifford has been focusing on this work in progress for a year and a half now, despite many setbacks. every weekend he plays football with the boys. clifford oluoch: most importantly, it keeps them occupied. it makes them sweat out their

glue, the glue out of their system. and as you can see, they make silly mistakes. they laugh about it. you know that they feel good about it. >> afterwards clifford gives them all bread for the next morning. then they disappear into the unlit night in the slums. the hut clifford organised for them was recently torn down by the city. their new home is behind a sheet of plastic. there could soon be another shiny new high-rise here. but it won't make nairobi's street kids like nelson disappear. >> and now for our global ideas series. there are estimated to be 10,000,000-14,000,000 species worldwide and over 100 of them

become extinct every day. we encounter people who have made it their mission to protect biodiversity. today we are looking at tiny frogs. our reporter visited a biological reserve in chile, home to the darwin frog. researchers are hot on its trail, which is not an easy task. >> a huge swathe of land, much of it wilderneargentina. patagonia is very thinly settled, just two inhabitants per square kilmometer. all the better for the numerous animal species, among them the tiny, fragile darwin's frog. it reaches a maximum length of three centimetres. despite that, this frog didn't escape the attention of the 19th-century naturalist charles darwin on his trip to chile. carlos barrientos donoso:

unfortunately at present these frogs are highly endangered, mainly by changes in the soil and because of a disease that's spreading among them. that's why it's necessary to protect these animals outside their natural habitat as well. >> in concepción, in the middle of the country, the frogs have found a new home. after the capital santiago, it's chile's second-largest urban area, and it now has a breeding station for frogs. carlos barrientos donoso: the idea is to breed them and reintroduce them into their natural habitat, to help their heavily impacted populations recover. biologists have built their breeding station on the edge of this state-run university campus. support for the project came partly from germany, from leipzig zoo. it's moist and cool in here,

just how the frogs like it. darwin's frog comes in brown, yellow and green variations. some seem to change colour during their lifetimes. it's not yet clear why. the species' main features are known, but other than that there has been relatively little research. carlos barrientos donoso: one of its main characteristics is its shape. you see here its triangular head with its protruding nose, which is really just a fold in the skin. the actual nose is at its base. it has very long, thin limbs and its coloring and markings look like fallen leaves. >> the vet's happy with the way these frogs are developing under his care. some of the males and females share a terrarium. the researchers' strategy is working well. just a few weeks ago, new babies hatched. strangely, the offspring of this

species are carried by the father. the male swallows the fertilized eggs and retains the tadpoles in his enlarged vocal pouch while they develop. carlos barrientos donoso: here they're moving inside him. we're lucky we're able to see them. >> for the layperson it's fairly hard to recognize. the scientist says this kind of reproduction is unique among amphibians. 500 kilometers south of concepción, there are still darwin's frogs living outdoors, in huilo huilo biological reserve, a hotel resort that focuses on eco-tourism. 6000 square kilometers of the area are a nature reserve. its head biologist is veronica toledo. today she's going out to look for darwin's frogs. veronica toledo: i like this frog a lot. when i saw it for the first

time, i fell in love with it, and knowing i can save it from extinction awakened my desire to do so. >> she examines the frogs four times a year, some of which are suffering from a dangerous skin disease. veronica toledo: the chytrid fungus is the main threat to amphibians around the world. so we take certain precautions when we enter their habitat. we handle darwin's frogs only when wearing gloves, because we don't know whether and which of them are infected. and we use different gloves for each frog. >> the chytrid fungus is reonsible for a worldwide decrease in amphibian populations, including the dropping numbers of darwin's frogs. but here in the reserve, the biologist has found only two affected frogs. the population seems to be stable. once found, the darwin's frog is

relatively easy to examine and identify. it plays dead when it senses danger. and the black and white markings on each individual's underside are unique. veronica toledo: that lets me know if it's an individual i've found before. i can see if it's grown, whether it's travelled or changed color, and whether it's carrying babies. >> the protection project in huilo huilo follows a basic principle, the animals are never removed from their natural habitat. after a brief examination, each frog is returned to where it was found. nature reserves like this are a stroke of luck for these delicate amphibians. back to the breeding station in concepción. a few dozen frogs will soon be leaving this artificial habitat.

they're going on a long journey, to europe. carlos barrientos donoso: the idea is for the frogs to reproduce outside the country to give us another option. if we have any emergencies or trouble here, one of the zoos in europe can ensure the survival of the species. >> if the darwin's frogs can weather the trip halfway around the world, they'll soon have new homes, in the zoos of vienna, chester, leipzig, dusseldorf and berlin. >> do you have a favorite animal? we certainly do, and today he comes from georgia. ♪

>> my great grandfather was a shepherd. my father too, and even my mother. i'm the fourth generation, so it's a tradition in my family. yes, i do have a favorite animal - our "four-legged shepherds," as we call our dogs. they're extremely important. without them it would be impossible to protect the herd from predators, and also to keep the sheep from running off. the dogs do the job better than anyone else.

>> there have been a number of incidents this year. one night was particularly bad. we lost 13 sheep in one go - probably killed by a bear. our dogs are our best protection against predators. >> we usually don't have to train the dogs. they learn everything they need to know from their parents like how to behave out here in the meadows.

when we arrive at a new site, the dogs patrol everywhere. they look behind every single bush to make sure the location is safe. now they can relax. ♪ >> and that's all for today. you can watch our program whenever you like at dw.com/global3000. do right on our facebook page or send us an e-mail. [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] see you next time on global 3000.

[country music] (male narrator) memphis, tennessee. it has been written if music were religion that memphis would be jerusalem and sun studio, its most sacred shrine. and you are here with margo price. ♪ the future ain't what it used to be ♪ ♪ let's go back to tennessee ♪ mountain high and valley low.. ♪ - i'm margo price. we're at sun studio in memphis, tennessee. i'm joined by jeremy ivey on bass, luke schneider on pedal steel, dillon napier on the drums, and jamie davis on lead guitar. i was born and raised in a very humble town. it's called aledo, illinois. but i've been in nashville 12 - 13 years now. and so, i call that home.