to: sierra leone. the desperately poor nation has parks rich in plants and animals. how does environmental protection work here? we meet jean ziegler, antiglobalisation activist and eternal rebel but we start in kyrgyzstan, where tradition encourages women to be kidnapped on the streets, and forced into marriage... to marry with free and full consent, without limitation of race or nationality: that's article 16 of the un human rights' charter. but many countries ignore such principles. women are frequently prevented from deciding who to marry instead, their families do it for them.

those most at risk are very young women, barely out of childhood. around 700 million women worldwide were married before they turned 18. in south asia, one in two girls are child brides. and in africa and latin america child marriages are commonplace. that figure is 12% in kyrgyzstan, a country that also has a particularly extreme version of forced marriage: bride abduction. in >> weddings in kyrgyzstan can be lavish affairs. city hall in the capital bishkek is known as "the wedding palace" and it lives up to its name. miriam and asamat are getting married today. their parents have organized and paid for the huge wedding. it cost at least thirty thousand euros. the families are welloff. but what sets this wedding apart is that miriam has actually chosen to marry. her tears are tears of

joy. that's not always the case in kyrgyzstan. vladimir zai sells white doves outside the wedding palace. he tells us about the all too common practice in kyrgyzstan of abducting brides. called alakachuu, it means "grab her and run". vladimir's wife managed to film one of these abductions in the centre of bishkek. vladimir zai, (eyewitness to a bride abduction) "it was awful. a bmw pulled up. then the men jumped out, grabbed the woman and dragged her into the car. the woman was screaming, but no one helped her. we showed the video to the police, but they just said, "it's tradition".

>> at least onethird of all women in kyrgyzstan are abducted and forced to marry. most of the time, it happens just like in the video. victims often don't know their kidnapper and have no idea that they'll soon be married to him. and no one comes to their aid. >> few people talk openly about bride abduction. in an apartment belonging to an ngo, we meet a woman who was abducted. sarima doesn't wan't to show her face. even though she was kidnapped thirteen years ago she still feels ashamed. sarima, brautraubopfer f1 "i was terrified. i sat in a car, helpless, squeezed between strangers. screaming and panicking didn't help." "my grandparents played a big

role in this. they told me i had to stay with him." finally, sarima left her husband. she went to college and earns her own living. but she's never remarried. a young women who spends a single night away from her parental home is considered disgraced. sarima never understood what motivated her kidnapper. "he never told me. he didn't speak to me much at all. his parents said: you're 23. you should be grateful'. what happened to sarima happens roughly every 40 minutes in kyrgyzstan. sometimes the perpetrators know their victims. sometimes they just choose a woman they see on the street at random. many of the women's

mothers also had this experience and now they expect their daughters to submit to the same ordeal. "very often the woman is raped on the first night. and then she stays in the man's family. she has little other option. she has been defiled. no other family would want her. it's only the really courageous women who leave. most of them stay put.. >> with videos like this one, kyrgyz aid organizations try to encourage women to stand up for their rights. after all, the law is on their side. abductions and forced marriages are illegal in kyrgyzstan. and now can be punished with jail sentences of up to 10 years. but that's less

than the penalty for stealing a goat. >> officially at least, kyrgyzstan is trying to stamp out the practice of bridal abductions. but very few perpetrators are brought to justice. even one government minister was snatched from the street, though she was later able to escape. "when they're trying to pull you into the car, you feel like an animal rather than a person. that's how i felt. but i also realised it was something that had no future. that's why we have to focus on education for

all young women and young men. they should all know about human rights newlyweds traditionally lay flowers at the eternal flame monument in bishkek. no one here is willing to say whether this bride was abducted, or not. this is a day of celebration. but the male and female wedding guests have rather different opinions about ala kachuu. "i'll do it. every kyrgyz man does, if he gets the chance." "of course, i'm afraid. i don't want alakachuu. i've got a boyfriend. we want to get married." for miriam and asamat it's time to celebrate in style.

the bridegroom's mother covers her daughterinlaw's head with a white scarf. here it's just a nod to tradition. but among poorer families and in the countryside, it's a sign that the young woman is responsible for the lowliest household chores. luckily, miriam's marriage is different from the norm right from the outset. a lack of respect for human rights leads to repression and social inequality. globalisation, its critics say, helps fuel that. at the world trade organisation's 1999 meeting in seattle, they protested loudly against major corporations and the banks. the world social forum, like in nairobi in 2007, is the movement's regular summit meeting. intellectuals, unions and nonprofit organisations gather to discuss an alternative

world order. but the resistance is not always peaceful. at the opening of the new headquarters of the european central bank in frankfurt in 2015, the antiglobalisation protests spiralled out of control. swiss author jean ziegler is one of the movement's big stars. and now there's a film about him. >> he is one of the biggest critics of the globalized economy. for decades he has been fighting for more social justice and even at over 80 he can still move the crowds. "hope exists here in this square. this is the rebellion of conscience." ziegler: "the single thing that unites them all is the common conviction, expressed by kant

that the inhumanity done to another destroys the humanity in me. i am the other, the other is me. only the accident of birth separates us from the victims." ziegler has been repeating mantras like these for decades. for years he has been a member of the un human rights council advisory committee in geneva. from 2000 to he was the un's 2008 first special rapporteur on the right to food a theme that is close to his heart. jean ziegler: "unlike 50 years ago, nowadays everyone knows that hunger in the world is manmade and could be eliminated tomorrow by a few fundamental structural reforms in the dominant countries the heads -- the hedge funds the , big banks are making astronomical profits by speculating (on stock markets) with basic food commodities." >> in the 1970s he trained his sights on what he calls "world capital". he called for an end to swiss banking secrecy and

polarized swiss society. ziegler was labelled a traitor. but that didn't deter him. in his books, he continued to take on the powerful leading politicians and the multinationals. for many years he represented switzerland's social democrats in the federal parliament. but he always kept the big picture in mind and was never afraid of making enemies. >> "we are also responsible for what is happening in south africa. we are the accomplices of this regime. >> then david lost his fight against goliath. in 1991 ziegler was stripped of his parliamentary immunity ((, which subsequently, he lost several defamation cases from which he says he still has millions of swiss francs in debts today.

>> he is often accused of glorifying leftwing revolutionaries. the documentary about ziegler's life devotes a lot of time to his idols: che guevara, whom he met in 1964. he still has words of praise for cuba's social model. neruda, allende latin america's charismatic freedom fighters. he continues to draw his motivation from them today. "human consciousness is at work and the day of the uprising of conscience nears. and one day we will achieve this trinity of human rights, collective security and the end to material poverty for the majority of people." >> even though he continues to be criticized for his bombastic rhetoric, jean ziegler has no intention of giving up the fight any time soon as the film 'the optimism of willpower' proves.

>> many people are keen to find solutions to the world's problems. among them, the global shapers. this worldwide network of young adults develops creative ideas to improve the lives of people in their home countries. suz for example, campaigns on behalf of children in myanmar. franklin from panama works with young people and wants to help improve local health care, while elaine from vietnam wants to beautify hochiminh city. and on today's programme, we meet a global shaper from japan. >> 26yearold ryosuke kobayashi knows tokyo like the back of his hand. he was born and raised here.

he and some of his friends are meeting up in their student residence. it's the first private student dormitory in tokyo and ryosuke and his friends founded it. today they're discussing how they can play mentoring roles for other young people. >> "we strongly believe in the power of peer mentorship and that is the idea we are trying to bring into japanese education. at japanese high schools, the school environment is very isolated. as a student you dont get to know anybody outside the school community therefore you lack resources when you think about what college to go, what major to study, or what to do afterwards in your career." >> the new student residence was financed by an investor. it's designed to be a nurturing environment a place of interaction. unlike staterun student residences, it's open to

highschool students and graduates as well as current students. it's something of an experiment in japan's highlyregulated society. in tokyo millions of people spend several hours a day commuting. given its central location, the new student dorm will make life a lot easier for its residents. the decor isn't fancy. ryosuke kobayashi spent 4 years as a student at harvard. he lived in an a dormitory there and that's what inspired the project here in tokyo. >> "this is a dormitory. it is small one, a prototype, there are only nine rooms. this is the laundry room, with some showers and there are two bathrooms."

>> the founders of the student residence are members of the global shapers community, which was initiated by the world economic forum. it's their goal to make the world a little better. >> ryosuke has moved into one of the rooms. in the us he studied social sciences and became interested in the impact of campus life. >> "you know, we can learn from each other because we are so diverse and that is what i truly came to understand through my four years at harvard, living at a dormitory. every day when i had a discussion with somebody at 2 am in the dining hall in the morning, about a random thing, that's when i had a lot of fun. and that was a far more memorable experience than studying in a classroom." >> this student residence is their pilot project. more are planned. a room costs between 700 and 900 euros a month. for

central tokyo, that's a bargain. ryosuke kobayashi : >> "everybody is paying the owner the rent. the owner has built this whole housing as an investment. we basically served as consultants to design the whole concept." >> next the global players want to build a much larger residence. it would also be in the city centre meaning that the people who live in it would no longer have to spend hours commuting. and in tokyo renowned for its overcrowded trains that would be a blessing indeed. >> and now to our global ideas series when we meet people working to protect our planet's plants and animals. this time we head to one of the world's poorest countries, sierra leone. there's little money available there for conservation work. after overcoming a minor setback, our reporter ruth

krause headed to gola rainforest national park. rangers are working there both to protect the environment and provide local people with ways to earn a living. >> early morning in gola rainforest national park in sierra leone. just a few kilometers away is the border with liberia. a team of rangers and researchers are looking for tracks of one of the rarest animals worldwide, the pygmy hippopotamus. >> i want to see the pygmy hippo live. it is difficult since i started working seven years ago i haven't seen it, so i really want to see it , it is my most famous species for now.

>> they live here in these murky waters and only come on land to feed. finally, some tracks! they're not fresh, but it's still proof for ranger mustapha wai, that the animals are thriving here. the park biologists have set up a camera trap to get new pictures. they're necessary to check if the population is remaining stable. they make a test run : the camera's height and angle need to be exact. >> where their footprints are very new, and it's their feeding site if you place the camera there, then within a week you will get a picture of the hippo. they come out of the water and we will capture it." >> it's estimated that there are only 2000 pigmy hippos left. they're only one quarter the size of normal hippopotamuses and live almost exclusively here in the upper guinea rainforest.

the park contains 60 endangered animal and plant species. mustapha wai and and two other teams patrol the area. hunting in the park is forbidden, as is fishing and digging for diamonds, things that happened here often in the past. only five percent of sierra leone's original forest is still intact. gola rainforest national park is an oasis. other places just can't afford environmental protection. the diamond industry is one of the few significant economic sectors in eastern sierra leone. locals clear bush landscapes to build mines. it's bonebreaking work that takes a heavy toll on the natural environment. they are driven by the hope of making a find that will improve their living standards. this diamond

wouldn't even fetch ten us dollars locally. if he doesn't find anything, suleiman kamara earns less than one us dollar a day. >> i would leave the mining and do another job, if i ha danother job, but there is no opportunity for us. >> during the 12 year civil war, rebels smuggled diamonds from here to liberia so that they could finance their weapons. today there's peace. gola rainforest national park, which opened in 2011, is a symbol of that. a national park has also been set up in adjacent liberia creating a crossborder peace park. but the park can only be protected, if the residents of neighboring villages are able to survive without hunting, gathering firewood or setting up new mineral mines. that's why parkmployees wt to create w soces of income, in part,

bis creating a network of cocoa farmers in a bid to improve marketing. >> there are a whole lot of challenges to work with those communities, because these communities are really remote. and for them to understand what is the aims and objectives of the gola national park is a very difficult task for us. mohamed koroma cultivates cocoa, just like his father. but he doesn't make much of a profit. which methods can be used to make the cocoa trees produce more fruit? and which of the cocoa beans are good enough quality for export? they find out from aminata. harvesting cocoa is not only good for farmers. the forest profits as well.

>> cocao itself is a forest tree, some of the bird come and feed here, so it is really good for the conservation activity. >> cocoa trees only grow well in the shadow of larger trees. that means that here on the edge of the national park, the forest is being preserved. that stops the ground from drying out and offers habitat for birds, insects and monkeys. this is the collection point: more than a thousand farmers are part of the project it's easier to sell the cocoa in bulk. now the quality check for mohamed's product. >> the beans must be carefully fermented and dried, so they can be turned into high quality chocolate abroad. >> it is well fermented, that's why it has the chocolate colour, it was well dried for over 7 days.

>> aminata is satisfied and mohammed gets over 40 us dollars for 25 kilos. >> the business means we can save money and that solves a lot of problems. i can pay my children's school fees and that makes me happy. >> aminata and her colleagues pigmy hippos today. no poachers either. it was a quiet day. 75% of the rangers are coming

from these communities and the programm can continue for another 20 years there will be more development in our communities so i am really proud about it. >> a true success story: in most areas of sierra leone species are disappearing. but in gola rainforest national park, biodiversity is being preserved. >> that's all for today. we love hearing from you so do visit us on facebook dw global society. or email us at global3000@dw.com. see you next week!

steves: in a nutshell, classical rome lasted about 1,000 years -- roughly 500 b.c. to 500 a.d. rome grew for 500 years, peaked for 200 years, and fell for 300 years. the first half was the republic, ruled by elected senators.

the last half was the empire, ruled by unelected emperors. in its glory days, the word "rome" meant not just the city, but what romans considered the entire civilized world. everyone was either roman or barbarian. people who spoke latin or greek were considered civilized, part of the empire. everyone else, barbarian. according to legend, rome was founded by two brothers, romulus and remus. abandoned in the wild and suckled by a she-wolf, they grew up to establish the city. in actuality, the first romans mixed and mingled here -- in the valley between the famous seven hills of rome. this became the roman forum. in 509, they tossed out their king and established the relatively democratic roman republic. that began perhaps history's greatest success story, the rise of rome. from the start, romans were expert builders,

and they had a knack for effective government. this simple brick building was once richly veneered with marble and fronted by a grand portico. it's the curia. the senate met here and set the legal standards that still guide western civilization. the ign of julius caesar, who ruled around the time of christ, marked the turning point between the republic and the empire. the republic, designed to rule a small city-state, found itself trying to rule most of europe. something new and stronger was needed. caesar established a no-nonsense, more-disciplined government, became dictator for life, and, for good measure, had a month named in his honor, july. the powerful elites of the republic found all this change just too radical. in an attempt to save the republic and their political power, a faction of roman senators assassinated caesar. his body was burned on this spot in 44 b.c.

the citizens of rome gathered here, in the heart of the forum, to hear mark antony say, in shakespeare's words, "friends, romans, countrymen, lend me your ears. i've come to bury caesar, not to praise him." but the republic was finished, and rome became the grand capital of a grand empire. the via sacra, or sacred way, was the main street of ancient rome. it stretched from the arch of septimius severus to the arch of titus. rome's various triumphal arches, named after the emperors who built them, functioned as public-relations tools. reliefs decorating the various arches show how war and expansion were the business of state. rome's thriving economy was fueled by plunder and slaves won in distant wars.

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