of crashing and burning. interceptions have cut their last two drives short. carr throws short. and to latavius murray. to j.b. and boomer once again and the nfl in new york. >> james: brees. >> boomer: the saints have taken the lead with 14 minutes left to play in the 4th quarter, over the panthers. >> greg: becomeall right, guys. and just getting off the turf here, slowly, is the rookie marcus peters who has had such a terrific daynd in so many way ways. this is his coverage. on the far side of the field.

we saw the trainers or doctors working on the right calf, whether or not it's a cramp. >> greg: friends and family. his mom in the stands. >> trent: i can see they are working on it with the roller and that tends you make you think cramp and not injury. >> greg: on second and 4. carr throwing. go his man up the seam and he dropped it! michael rivers rivera -- michaelmychal rivera had it and dropped it. >> trent: they hadorensen in e slot. >> greg:he chiefs lucky not to get a penalty on cooper over the

third and 10. carr. and it's clive walford. and they're going to give him the 1st down. 1st down to the 30 yard line. 2:40 to play. the raiders with three time-outs but they need two touchdowns. short pop over the middle. this is marcel reece. >> trent: the chiefs are completely fine with it as it keeps the clock rolling. >> greg: getting closer to the 2-minutearning. carr coming across underneath.

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oakland. two minutes remaining in regulation and the oakland raiders need two touchdowns in a big way. that pass to clive walford, not much yardage. and the raiders use a time-out. they have two remaining. begin begins with "60 minutes".." followed by an all-l-ar grammy salute to frank sinatra, only on cbs. well, the kansas city chiefs with a win here keep themselvess firmly in the conversation for a wild card. >> trent: if the season ended today, they would be in the wild card or playoff spot so youou see more r raxed on the sideline than they were, but derek carr,

i know he has had the three interceptions but a yard or two won't get it done. >> greg: and now it's 3rd and 10. they need the 45 yard line. of the chiefs for a 1st down. and he goes down. frfrk zombo for the sack. >> trent: a number different defenders since justin houston is not playing. frank zombo coming in and getting a sack of his own. >> greg: and this is 4th and very long yardage. 4th and 18. carr under pressure and going down again! and again it's zombo. and the ball will go over to the kansas city chiefs. who are all smiles here in oakland, california.

>> back and forth they go. >> boomer: a wild one in new orleans, cam newton's turn. and he has 261 yards, four t.d. passes and the panthers leading in the 4th quarter. >> james: as greg said, they pay you by the word, boomer. back to greg gumbel. >> greg: did cam newton throw that half the field off his back foot? >> trent: that's what cam is. and that game, who is playing defense? >> greg: this is spencer ware. and the clock continues to move. coming up on a minute to play in regulation. the a.f.c. wild card playoff picture, giving kansas city a

oakland falling to 5-7 behind pittsburgh pittsburgh, houston, buffalo. >> trent: that makes the game tonight even more important, indianapolis and pittsburgh. >> greg: denver is winning. anan kansas cityty about to close this one out. andy reid, it's amazing are, after an opening day win, the chiefs loser of five and a row and looked dead in the water, have now won six straight. >> trent: they found a formula, six wins in a row, taking advantage of turnovers. taking advantage of field position, really turning things around after the half. >> greg: a day of turnovers. a day of missed kicks.

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we go further, so you can. >> it felt like i had a gun to my head. >> stata: have you told thememet that you had nothing to do with this? >> they almost convince you that... that you're guilty. >> he's talking about law enforcement pressuring him into becoming a confidential informant. and he did. on his college campus, he went to work helping police catch drug dealers. it's a practice we discovered is going on across the country involving young people... >> you can't tell ananody you're working for me. >> stahl: ...sometimes with tragic consequences. >> they shot her five times when they found the wqre in her purse and dumped her body in a ditit 50 miles a ay. >> cooper: bonobos are unique among great apes because they are not dominated by males. it's the females who run the

>> here, if you try to be an alpha male, you will be, as the congolese say, "corrected" by the females. >> cooper: not just by one female, but by a sort of alliance of females? >> that's right. >> cooper: bonobos have never been observed to kill each other. the same can't'te said of chimpanzees, or humans, for that matter. the screeches are a soisticated form of communication, and their gestures are unmistakable. >> kroft: i'm steve kroft. >> stahl: i'm lesley stahl. >> cooper: i'm anderson cooper.

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or plan to breastfeed. learn more about the most prescribed pill for relapsing ms in the us, at tecfidera.com. talk to your doctor about tecfidera, and take another look at relapsing ms. >> stahl: when many of u uhear the term "confidential informants"-- or, as law enforcement calls them, "c.i.s"- - we think of mobsters wearing a wire to ensnare their bosses and get themselves a betetr deal. but there's another kind of confidential informant out there that doesn't quite fit the hollywood image, and in reality

people, many of them college students caught selling small amounts of marijuana, who are recruited by law enforcement to wear a wire and make undercover drug buys in exchange for having their charges reduced or dropped altogether. it's a practice we discovered that's going on across the country, largely under the radar and, in some cases, with tragic consequences. >> jason w wer: how's it going today? andrew sadek: all right. >> weber: it's your birthday today. >> sadek: yeah. >> weber: probably not what you want to be@doing on your birthday, huh? >> stahl: what you're looking at is police footage of the making of a confidential informant. narcotics officer jason weber is recruiting a college student who'd been caught making two small marijuana sales become a c.i. >> weber: all right. well, you expressed interestst that you probably want to help yourself out. >> sadek: yeah. >> weber: we're always trying to go up the chain. and so what we want to do is have them buy from their supplier or suppliers. >> stahl: wewer is the chief of

eastern north dakota and western minnesota. how important do you think confidential informants are to your task? >> weber: yeah, confidential informants are reallllimportant law enforcement across the country. they make our jobs easier just because they are already the ones that are out there that know who the drugs dealers are and ly on them. >> stahl: ararmost of the kids that you're recruiting caught for marijuana sales? >> weber: the big majority, yeah. >> stahl: weber's jurisdiction includes the campus of the north dakota state college of science, with some 3,000 students. marijuana is now legal in four states and the district of columbia, but not in north dakota, where selling even a small amount on a campus is a class-a felony with a maximum sentence of 20 years in prison, a fine of $20,000, or both. this young man, andrew sadek, was caught on tape by another

two sales for a total of $80. weber has called sadek in before charging him to present a choice-- agree to work as a c.i., wear a wire and make undercover drug buys from three people, twice each-- or be charged with two class-a felonies. >> weber: potentially,y,he max is 40 years in prison, $40,000 fine. you understand that? >> sadek: yeah. >> weber: okay. obviously, you're probably not going to get 40 years, but is it a good possibilitytyhat you're going to g g some prison time if you don't help yourself out? yeah, there is, okay? that's probably not a way to start off your young adult life and career, right? >> stahl: sadek took the deal. weber told us most stutunts do. part of the agreement he signed- - keep the whole thing strictly to himself. >> weber: you can't tell anybody you're working for me, obvious... for obvious reasons. >> stahl: an award-winning student of electrical technology, andrew sadek did as he was told-- never told any of

informant, never called a lawyer, , d didn't breathe a word to his parents, tammy and john sadek. the sadeks are a ranching family still struggling with the death of their older son in a train accident years earlier, leaving andrew an only child. if andrew had told you that he was thinking of becoming a confidential informant, what do you think your reaction would've been? >> tammy sadek: wewe have gotten him a lawyer and told him, "no." >> john sadek: we've never heard of such a thing, you know, using college students for snitches or whatever you want to call them, ststl pigeons or i don't'tnow what you call them, you knowow >> lance block: there's no parent that i know of who would allow their child or want their child to serve as a confidential informant. >> stahl: to set up a drug deal. >> block: yeah. i mean, it's too dangerous. no, i wouldn't want my child to do it. >> stahl: lance block is an attorney in tallahassee, florida, who opposes using young people caught for relatively minor offenses as confidential

>> block: these kids are being recruited to do the most dangerous type of police work. they're going unrcover, with no background, training, or experience. they havenen been to the policee academy. >> stahl: so they are basically doing the same work as a trained undercover cop? >> block: absolutely. ^> stahl: block says he was unaware police were using young pepele as confidential informants until he was hired seven years ago by the family of rachel hoffman, a recent college graduate who was caught with large stash of marijuana and a few valiumumnd ecstasy pills. it was her second marijuana arrest. >> block: she was caught by the tallahassee police department and told that if she didn't become a confidential informant, she was looking at four years in prison. >> stahl: she signed up, and a make her first undercover drug buy. it was to be one of the bibiest in tallahassee's recent history- - 1,500 ecstasy pills, an ounce

gun. had she ever dealt in any of those things? >> block: no. >> stahl: a gun? had she ever fired a gun? >> block: no. rachel was a pothead. and rachel sold marijuana to her friends out of her home, but rachel wasn't dealing in ecstasy or cocaine, much less... of course not weapons. >> stahl: rachel drove her car alone to meet the dealers in is park with $13,00000ash from the police and a wire in her purse. she was to be monitored by some 20 officers. but then, the dealers changed the location of the deal, so rachel drove away from the police staging area, and that's when things went terribly wrong. >> block: the drug dealers have her out on this road. one drug d dler gets into the car with her... >> stahl: and the 20 cops who were nearby? >> block: they lost her.

she was last seen. >> hoffman was seen wednesday night at about 7:00 near forest meadows park. >> block: they shot her five times when they found the wire in her purse and dumped her body in a ditch 50 miles away. >> stahl: rachel hoffman's tragic death turned block into an advocate. he sued the city of tallahassee and won a $2.8 million settlement for rachel's parents, and he has argued for more openness and greater protection for confidential informants ever since. do you have any sense of how many confidential informants there are? >> block: law enforcement is loaded with statattics. but you cannot find out any information about the number of confidential informants that are being used across this country, much less the number of people who are being killed or injured. >> stahl: no one's keeping statistics? >> block: no one. it's a shadowy underworld is what it is. >> brian sallee: we want to make more cases. we want to make better cases that can get prosecuted.

>> stahl: brian sallee is a longtime undercover narcotics officer who believes a shadowy underworld is exactly what workg with c.i.s should be-- shadowy to protect informants' identititi, and underworld because that's where cops like him want informants to take them. >> sallee: who knows the most about the dope trade? is it us working narcotics? no. who is it? the sellers, the dopers. >> stahl: sallee says he's worked with hundreds of informants, and now trains police officers around the country on how best to use them. if you had not been le, personally, to use confidential informants, would you have been as effective? >> sallee: nowhere near as effective. >> stahl: you really feel you need this... >> sallee: oh, i know i would not. i may have to watch a house for days or weeks to establish obable cause. my informant goes in and makes a buy out of it, and i have my probable cause in five minutes. you can get into cases quicker, easier, in some respects, safer.

safer, because we've heard about kids who've been killed doing these operations. >> sallee: it's a dangers trade that they're involved in. >> stahl: yeah. >> sallee: they are in that drug trade. they've always been facing that potential danger. >> stahl: sallee estimates there could be as many as 100,000 confidential informants working with police across the country, and he says, with just a few tragic exceptions, it's a win/win-- a win for society and a win for the c.i. >> sallee: they have agreed to do what they are doing in exchange for something. that's the bottom line. when somebody comes to work for me as an informant, it's their decision. >> stahl: police tell us that this is completely voluntary, and they want to do this to get rid of the charges. >> block: it's not something that college kids are standing up, saying, "i want to be a c.i." it's not voluntary. thth're being told they're looking at prison time unless

police department. >> stahl: and there are some important things they're not being told. so what if you catch me selling $60 worth of marijuana? what do you say to me to become an informant? >> sallee: i'll say, "this is the charge. this is a felony. do you want to help yourself out?" >> stahl: do you tell me that i ve a right to talk t ta lawyer? >> sallee: no, i do not. i tell you you have a right to talk to a lawyer if i'm going to ask you incriminating questions. if we're talking about you becoming an informant, i don't have to tell you that you have a right to a lawyer. >> weber: all right... >> stahl: that's because, since police often recruit confidential informants before charging them and without arresting them, they're not obligated by law to read them their rights. and weber didn't with andrew sadek. he told us sadek made three successful undercover drug buys as a c.i., half the number he'd been told was required of him. but then he stopped. weber says sadek was warned he

didn't continue. then oe night, a few weeks shy of graduation, security cameras apped these picturesesf sadek walking out of his dorm at 2:00 a.m. on a thursday morning. a day and a half later, he had not come back. >> tammy sadek: got a call from the campus at about noon on friday. >> stahl: still completely unaware of their son's work as a confidential informant, andrew's parents were soon on campus, making a public plea for his return. >> tammy sadek: we love you, and we want you... we need you to come home. >> john sadek: everything will be okay. >> stahl: there were searches, prayer vigils. and then, two months later, the worst news possible-- andrew's body was discoverein a river near the campus, his backpacac weighted down with rocks, its straps tied together across his chest. did they tell you what the cause of death was?

head. >> stahl: a year and a half later, that's about all the sadeks have been told. no one has been charged in andrew's death, and the gun that killed him has not been found. police deny he was involved in any c.i. operation the night he disappeared, and have suggested to his parents that he may have shot himself, a possibility they sasais inconceivable. they're convinced their son was murdered as a result of his work as an informant, and they want the confidential recruitment o young offenders as c.i.s to stop. >> tammy sadek: it's ridiculous. ridiculous. stop doing it. slap their hands. fine them. put them in jail. expel them. i i n't care. stop using our kids to do your jobs. >> stahl: andrew sadek's death is still an open investigation, so neither the state agencies in

weber, would talk about it. but we did ask about putting these kids at risk. andrew sadek was caught selling $80 worth of marijuana. people have said to us, "it's just not worth it. it's not worth putting the kid in any kind of risky situation for that little." >> wer: you know, a drug dealer is a drug dealer, whether you sell a big amount or a small amount, whether you do it once or if you do it 100 times. while it's still against the law, part of our duty as law enforcement is to get the drugs off the streets and to get the drug dealers off the streets. >> stahl: so h h successful is what you're doing? >> weber: well, i think it goes back to the point, if we don't try something or if we don't do that, then we're truly losing that... the war on drugs. >> stahl: isn't it more important to go afafr heroin, meth, cocaine? >> weber: yeah, our agency goes after all them. >> stahl: i'm still trying to get at t equation, you know what i mean? is it worth it, for marijuana? weber: yeah. there again, i got to go back to, you know, as long as it's a

officer to enforce criminal law. >> stahl: we've spoken to college students who talk about how they were pressured into becoming confidential informants. >> it felt like i had a gun to my head. >> stahl: that part of the story, when we come back. >> cbsbsoney watch update sponsored by lincoln financial, calling all chief life officers. >> glor: good evening. lufthansa says a man was restrained a&ter he threatened to open a plane door. greece has approved a 2016 budget with sharp spending cuts. and the united autoworkers want to vote for represent dentation

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who does this kinda thing online? i-i-i clicked on some links, ugh the kids weren't even home. wait, wait, wait, this changng everything. it's cars.com service & repair feature. so we'll never pay more than we should. well done. research, price, find. get the right service withoutall the drama. want to o a mitzvah this hanukkah? support i have a dream foundation. help a child achieve the dream of a higher education. cbs cares. >> stahl: we wanted to know what the law is across the country about the use of young people as confidential informants. and we were surprised to discover that in all but a handful of states, there is no law: no age limits on who can become a c.i.; no rules about how, or even whetr, informants must be trained; no guidelines on their protection. policies are typically left up to the individual police departments that recruit and use

and that, critics say, can and has resulted in overly aggressive recruitment tactics, traumatized and even suicidal c.i.s, and situations where kids are given incentives to entrap other kids. we looked at a case, a narcotics unun, where those charges have been leveled. it's in one of the country's best-known college towns, with the university itself an involved partner and funder. the university of mississippi in oxford, famously called "ole miss," is known for its football, its school spirit, and its southehe charm. but less than a mile from campus, housed in this municipal building, is a drug task force focused on the darker side of life he. it's called metro narcotics, and one of its confidential informants was an ole miss

disguise. his life as a c.i. began one day coming home from class. >> greg: i was met halfway there by men@in bulletproof vests, guns, and badges around their necks. my ininial reaction was just "keep going. this is no way involved with me." and then... until they held up a piece of paper with my name on it, saying i had sold lsd, and i thought, "what on earth? i had nothing to do with this." >> stahl: greg, who had no criminal record, insists his only encounter with lsd was when a friend asked to o ave some at his apartment. then, he says, another acquaintance stopped by-- wearing a wire, it turns out-- and picked the lsd up. >> greg: i was just on the couch watching tv. d he was like, "oh, thanks." and i just said, "i have nothing to do with this. don't thank me." >> stahl: but at the metro office, greg says two agents

yeyes in prison and a felony on his record for life unless he agreed to become an informant and make drug buys wearing a wire from tepeople who he had to find himself. >> greg:g:t felt like i had a gun to my head. >> stahl: have you told them yet that you had nothing to do with this? >> greg: they almost convince you that... that you're guilty. i was just so scared, i was just putty in their hands. >> stahl: did you think about the idea that you'd become a snitch? >> greg: i mean, i knew what i was signing and i hated it, absolutely. it just made me sick, but what de me more sick was the thought of spending 20 years in prison. >> stahl: did you know ten people you could buy drugs from when you signed that paper? >> greg: absolutely not. but you don't care at the time, en you sign it. it's like, "sure." you know, "please don't ruin my life." >> stahl: ten buys sounds like a lot. >> ken coghlan: it's virtually impossible. >> stahl: ken coghlan is a defensnsattorney in oxford w w has represented many ole miss

informants. he says that, because there are no standardized rules, cops can ask for any number of buys, like metro's ten, which he says i iso high, it creates a perverse incentive for kids to entice other kids to break the law. he told us he has seen it again and again. >> coghlhl: they don't know ten drug dealers. and they're so desperate, they will go to their friend or their roommate or their frat brother, and they know this person smokes marijuana. and they'll say, "i'm out of weed. can i get ten dollars' worth of weed from you?" >> stahl: your personal stuff. >> coghlan: that's entrapment, and that's not allowed uer the law. stahl: entrapment, because that frat brother with his own marijuana, was only guilty of possession, a misdemeanor under mississippi law. but if he says yes and sells a little to his buddy, he's now become a dealer-- a felon,

>> coghlan: and at that point, we're not catching criminals, we're creating criminals. >> stahl: did you ever get the feeling that you were asking someone else to commit a crime that they wouldn't otherwise have committed? >> greg: yes. i just knew somebody who would provide me with an amount, who they... they would because we knew each other. >> stahl: and you did that? >> greg: yes. >> stahl: so when you say they're creating felons, this is what you mean? >> coghlan: i don't think the cops say, "go out and talk somebody into doing it that wouldn't otherwise do it." it's just what the kids do. and look, there... there are some hard drdrs around. but the vast, vast majority of cases are the sale of two grams of marijuana, three grams of marijuana. >> stahl: but those small sales can add up to big numbers of arrests, and numbers, says tallahassee attorney lance block, help drug task forces get grants. >> block: they want to drive up their arrest numbers. and it doesn't matter whether

kid with a couple of joints in his pocket or whether they're going after a drug kingpin. >> stahl: and the more arrests, the more money? >> block: the arrest numbers-- the higher they go, the better the funding. i mean, law enforcement is addicted to the drug war money as the crack addict is on the street to his drugs. >> stahlit's a strong chargege we put it to undercover narcotics agent and instructor brian sallee. what they say is that police are in this to lift their arrest statattics to justify the e ants and money that they're getting. >> sallee: i'm in it to do what is best for my community and if having higher stats gets me more money and allows me to do more cases to then impact the drug trade in my community, then that's also a benefit. >> stahl: metro narcotics got nearly $55,000 in federal grants last year, but most of theirir

police, the county sheriff's department, and ole miss-- $100,000 each. the head of metro narcotics for the last fivyears has been keith h vis, seen here on an ole miss student newscast defending his unit's work with students as informants. >> keith davis: these are adults, these are 18-, 19-, 20- year-olds. yes, i get it, thehehave young minds, whatever. but they are out here creating felonies and hurting our communities. >> stahl: we requested our own interview with davis, or any representative of metro narcotics, but they declined. one thing we wanted to ask davis about were charges that he and other agents in the unit were abusive to the c.i.s. >> greg: they call you, and in these calls, t ty're very aggressive and threatening and saying, "well, we're going to come pick you up and you're going to go to prison," to the point where i wajust terrified whenever my one rang. >> stahl: we heard similar claims from another ole miss student who became a confidential informant after metro narcotics accused him of

>> they say, "your life is over if you... as you know it, if you tell anybody, if you don't help us." >> stahl: did they specifically say, "you can't call your parents?" >> they said, "if you call your parents, we'll take you to jail." >> stahl: once he agreed, he says o o of the first thingsgshe agent asked him was whether he could buy meth or heroin. he told him he couldn't. >> the first eight months or so, he called every single day at around the same time. >> stahl: he called you every day for eight mohs? every day. >> stahl: we had heard repeated accusations about the aggressive tone of the metro agents, and then got to listen for ourselves when we obtained a tape recording of keith davis and another metro agent yelling at a c.i. recruit they heard had made a threat to find out where they lived. the first voice is that of agent tommy knight. >> tommy knight: i don't give a ( bleep ) where you at. >> yes, sir. >> knight: i'll turn this ( bleep ) in and i'll come beat the ( bleep ) out of you. >> yes, sir. >> knight: get that in your head. >> stahl: whoa. the tape was made

recruit, who brought it to ken coghlan. we listened with him as keith davis made his own threat if the kid ever went to his house. >> davis: come there, it'll be the last ( blee ) place you ver go in your life. >> yes, sir. >> davis: you feel me? >> 100%. >> davis: it took all i had not to come see you last night... >> yes, sir. >> davis: ...to hunt you down. but i'm trying to calm down. >> stahlz keith davis is the chief of this narcotics unit, and he is making a death threa >> coghlan: you know, i'm just going to let the tape speak for itself. >> stahl: coghlan sent the tape and a letter to the chancellor and attorney of ole miss more than two years ago, thinking that, as a funder of metro narcotics, they should know how the unit was treating its students. he got no reply, and we could find no evidence that changes were made to the program at that tiue. greg told us that,t,s he continued making undercover buys, he became anxious and paranoid. >> greg: i would have to conceal

first of all, i completely detested what i was doing. i didn't want to get anybody in trouble. >> stahl: did you feel ashamed? >> greg: absolutely. >> stahl: because of turning in other kids? >> gre yes. >> stahl: but keith davis told e ole miss campus reporter that these kids don't deserve that much sympathy. >> davis: let's be clear here-- these people are not these innocent little college kids, plain and simple. the ones that t e selling dope are not innocent people, they're selling poison. >> stahl: that may be true for many confidential informants, but it turnsut, not greg. after a year and a half, and he says making six of the ten required buys, greg was charged and arrested anyway. that's when his parents found out and hired coghlan, who researched the oririnal evidence against greg and came to the conclusion that the friend who brought the lsd to greg's house in the first place had beea c.i. so, a c.i. brought the drugs,

>> coghlan: that's the way i understood it to be. >> stahl: coghlan says, after he brought the situation to the attention of the district attorney, the charges against greg were dismsmsed. all the charges were just thrown out? >> greg: completely. >> block: it's really important that the public have an understanding of what's going on, because it's perverted stice. >> stahl: i've beeeetold that a lot of these kids are not really looking at jail time. >> block: in the vast majority of cases, these kids would be diverted into a drug court program. they'd be on probation for six momohs to a year, and at the end, if they've done everything successfully, then the cases are dismissed. >> stahl: lance block has been advocating for laws to regulate the recruitment and use of confidential inforornts across the country, but he says law enforcement lobbies have opposed the reforms. >> block: they want to keep the c.i. system as it is. >> stahl: law enforcement people have tololus, "we see it as aa win/win.

charges completely expunged, and we get to arrest drug dealers." >> block: but there are kids that are being killed. and they're arresting small-time possessors. that's a lose/lose. >> stahl: we asked ole miss for an on-camera interview while we were reporting our story. our request was declined. we did get a letter months later, saying: "thank you for your part in encouraginina deeper look at the metro narcotics unit," and telling us that, because of "increased attention"-- attention from "60 minutes" and the news organization buzzfeed-- changes were being made, cluding: "more direct oversight of the program;" "an audit of the program by a third-party organization;" "policies to ensure suspects fully understand they have a choice in whether to become a confidential informant;" and a change in leadership. at the end of september, keith davis resigned as head of the unit.

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jeb bush: here's the truth you will not hear from our president: we are at war with radical islamic terrorism. it is the struggle that will determine the fate of the free world. the united states should not delay in leading a global coalition to take out isis with overwhelming force. their aim is our total destruction. we can't withdraw from this threat or negotiate with it. we have but one choice: to defeat it. vo: right to rise usa is responsible for the content of this message. it's called a rigged economy, and this is how works. most new wealth flows to the top 1%. it's a system held in place by corrupt politics where wall street banks and billionaires buy elections. my campaign is powered by over a million small contributions, people like you who want to fight back. the truth is you can't change a corrupt system by taking its money. i'm bernie sanders. i approve this message.

>> whitaker: most people know that chimpanzees are our close cousins. they share over 98% of our dna. but you may not know that we also have another primate cousin just as close. they're called bonobos. they may look like chimpanzees, but they are an entirely separate species of ape, and their behavior couldn't be more different. bonobos are the only great apes that live in female-dominated groups, and unlike chimps and humans, which are often violent and aggressive with each other, bonobos would rather make love than war. as anderson cooper discovered, they are an endangered species, and only found in one place, the democratic republic of congo in

congo's been torn apapt by war for decades, keeping researchers away, which is why bonobos are the least-understood apes on the planet. >> cooper: the world's only sanctuary for bonobos sits on the outskirts of congo's capital, kinshasa. it's called lola ya bonobo-- "bonobo paradise"-- and for these endangered apes, that's exactly what it is. this refuge was created by conservationist claudine andre. she's belgian-born, but has lived in congo most of her life. if you ask her why she cares so much about bonobos, she'll tell you "just look into their eyes." >> claudine andre: the way they look in your eyes, deeply in your... just like they look in your soul. >> cooper:r:n your soul. >> andre: yeah.

most primates don't... don't maintain eye contact like that. >> andre: yeah, because... don't try to do this with gorilla, you know and... >> cooper: right. it's a threatening gesesre, if you do it with a gorilla. >> andre: yeah. >> cooper: but bonobos look right at you. >> andre: oh, yeah. >> cooper: bonobos may have a brain that's a third the size of ours, but they're remarkably intelligent. ( bonobo screeching ) >> cooper: those high-pitched screeches are a sophisticated form of communication, and their gestures are unmistakable. like chimpanzees, bonobos use tools in a wide variety of ways, and are capable of abstract problem-solving. >> andre: she have a baby, so she cannot g gdeeply... >> cooper: so she's breaking the stick, actually? >> andre: yeah, she... she shows the stick is too short. >> cooper: okay. so she got a longer stick. that's amazing. so she's using the stick to see how deep the water is? >> andre: yeah. >> cooper: bonobos are unique

are not dominated by males. and according to brian hare, a duke university evolutionary anthropologist who studies them at lola, it's the females who run the show. >> brian hare: here, if you try to be in a... an alpha male, you will be, as the congolese say, "corrected" by the females. >> cooper: not just by one female, but by a sort of alliance of females? >> hare: that's right. that's right. and one of the... they... bonobos really violate a rule of nature where, usually, if you're bigger, you're going to be dominant. t here, females are e tually smaller. but they're still not dominated by males because they work together. >> cooper: what's more, bonobos have never been observed to kill each other. the same can't'te said of chimpanzees, or of humans, for that matter. >> hare: bonobos, on the other hand, they don't really have that darker side. so that's where they could really help us is, how could it be that a species that has a brain a third of the size of ours can do something that, with all our technological prowess, we can't accomplish? which is, to not kill each other. >> cooper: the answer might be

pastime. these apes have momo sex, more often, in more ways than any other primate on the planet. their sexual contact is so frequent, brian hare refers to it as the "bonobo handshake". 's not that they want to procreate or have kids; it's not that they even find each other attractive. >> hare: no. >> cooper: it's... it's just... >> hare: no, it's a negotiation. >> cooper: and it's hardly surprising that many of these negotiations take place over food. chimpanzees will fight each other over food. >> hare: that's right. they... >> cooper: bonobos won't necessarily fight each other... >> hare: that's right. so they... so, basically, chimpanzees get primed for competition, testosterone increases. bonobos, they get really stressed out. and if they feel like they're not going to be able to share, they get really anxious, and then that drives them to want to be reassured. and they then happen to have a bonobo handshake to feel better. >> cooper: and males do that with females, males will do that with males, females will do that with females. doesn't matter, even the ages? >> hare: any combination, any age. >> cooper: it's an iroro that this peace-loving primate is

though it's illegal to kill or capture bonobos in congo, that hasn't slowed their rapid decline. forest animalslsre sold in bustling bush-meat markets for food. at the largest in congo's capital, kinshasa, you can buy monkeys, porcupines, even alligators, dead or alive. bonobos aren't openly sold here anymore, but you can still buy them in many parts of congo. their orphaned babies often end up in the only place that can care for them, lola ya bonobo. the babies arrive traumatized, often injured. each is assigngn a surrogate human mother, and their job is to raise the babies as their own, showering them with the love and attention the orphan

( shrieking ) >> cooper: it's incredible to see them up close like this. i mean, they are so... >> andre: yeah, human? >> cooper: yeah. >> andre: yeah, you know, i say all the time that, for sure, they are great apes. they are not us and we are not them, but we have a line in the middle of the two world that we cross all the time. >> cooper: baby bonobos are as playayl as any human toddler, and just as curious. suzy kwetuenda would know. she's in charge of the bonobos' welfare at lola and oversese their rehahalitation. you have a child of your own? >> suzy kwetuenda: yes, i have. >> cooper: how are they different? >> kwetuenda: i can say there is no more difference. >> cooper: there's not difference... >> kwetuenda: the same. >> cooper: of course, really have t tbe a mother to... >> kwetuenda: yes. >> cooper: ...to this baby? >> kwetuenda: yes, and most of time, you need experienced mother to... so, they give love and affection, and this is the only way to save them. >> cooper: that... that's what saves these babies? >> kwetuenda: yes. and make them ininife.

>> kwetuenda: yeah, absolutely. without that, they die. >> cooper: suzy decided to study bonobos because she felt they could teach us a lot about human evolution. after fiveveears at lola, she realized that their behavior is closer to ours than she'd ever imagined. is it hard not to think of them as human? >> kwetuenda: yes. yes, because we share most of time with them. we share time with them, yeah. >> cooper: right, you spend all day with them? >> kwetuenda: all day. >> cooper: and at the end of that day, suzy sees to it theat this is a cbs news special report, i'm scott pelley in washington. good evening. president obama is a aut to make a a re address to the nation from the oval office. the subject is terrorism. he's expected to tell americans shaken by the attack in san bernardino what he issoing to

tashfeen malik, a pakistani pledged her allegiance to isis before she and her american husband syed farook opened fire on his coworkers at a holidayay pparty. 14 people were killed. the deadliest terror attack in the u.s. since 9/11. the president met yesterday with his national security team and he concluded hiseekly radio address yesterday with a vow that americans will not be terrorized. the address tonight will be only the third from he oval office for mr. obama, a sign of the importance that he is giving the issue. major garrett is at the white house for us. major? >> scott, the white house knows the natiwn is on edge. it's easy to understand why. the sasa bernardino attack was completely different, hamped in secret, it was conceived without u.s. law enforcement having any awareness about it and inspired by isis. in that light, the president will describe the military campaign against isis ininraq

can take to improve vij lens and safety, and importantly for this president it will include a call for more gun control. >> pelley: here'she president. >> on wednesdayay4 ameririns were killed as they came together to celebrate the holidays. they were taken from family and friends who loved them deeply. they were white and black, latino and asian, immigrants and american born. moms and dads, daughters and sons. each of them served their f@llow citizens, all of them were part of our american family. tonight i want to talk with you about this tragedy, the broader threat of terrorism and how we can keep our country safe. the fbi is still gathering the facts about what happened in san bernardino. but here's what we know. the victims were brutally murdered and injured by one of their coworkers and his wife. so far we have no evidence that the killers were directed by a terrorist organization overseas

broader conspiracy here at home. but it is clear that the two of them had gone down the dark path of radicalization, embracing a per verted interpretation of islam that calls for war against america and the west. they had stock piled assault weapons, ammunition and pipe bombs. so this was an act of terrorism, designed to kill innocent people. our nation has been at war with terrorists since al-qaeda killed nearlyly 3,000 americans on 9/11. in the process, we've hardened our defenses from airports to financial centers to other critical infrastructure. intelligence and law enforszment agencies have dub-- countless plots here and overseas and worked around the clock to keep us safe. our military encountered terrorism professionals have relentlessly pursued terrorist networks overseas, disrupting safe havens in several different

laden, and decimating al-qaeda's leadership. over the last few years, however, the terrorist threat has evolved into a new face. as we have become better at preventing complex, multifa setted attacks like 9/11, terrorists turn to less complicated acts of violence like the mass shootings that are all too common in our society. it is this type of attack that we saw at fort hood in 2009, in chattanooga earlier this year, and now in san bernardino. and as groups like isil grew stronger amidst the chaos of the war in iraq and then syria, and as the internet erases the distance between countries, we see growing efforts by terrorists to poison the minds of people like e boston marathon bombers and the san ber dino killers. for seven years i have confronted this evolving threat each and every morng in my intelligence briefing.

office, i have authorized u.s. forces to take out terrorists abroad precisely because i know how real the danger is. as commander in chief i have no greater responsibility than the security of the american people. as a father to two young daughters who are the most precious part of my life, i know that we see ourselves with friends and coworkers at a holiday party like the one in san ber dino. i know we see our kids in the faces of the young people killed in paris. and i know that after so much war, many americans are asking whether we are confronted by a cancer that has no immediate cure. well, here's what i want you to know. the threat from terrorism is real. but we will overcome it. we will destroy isil and any other organization that tries to harm us. our success won't depend on tough talk nor abandoning our values or giving in to fear.

hoping for. instead we will prevail by being strong and smart, resilient and relentless. and by drawing upon every aspect of american power. here's how. first our military will continue to hunt down terrorist plotters in any country where it is necessary. in iraq and syria, air strikes are taking out isil leaders, heavy weapons, oil tankers, infrastructure. and since the attacks in paris, our closest allies including france, germany and the united kingdom have ramped up their contributions to our military campaign which will help us accelerate our effort to destroy isil. second, we will continue to provide training and equipment to tens of thousands of iraqi and syrian forces fighting isil on the ground so that we take away their safe havens. in both countries we're deploying special operations forces who can accelerate that

we've stepped up this effort since the attacks in paris and will continue to invest more in approaches that are working on the ground. third, we're working with friends and allies to stop isil's operations, to disrupt plots, cut off their financing and prevent them from recruiting more fighters. since the attacks in paris we've surged intelligence sharing with our european allies. we're working with turkey to seal its border with syria, and we are cooperating with muslim majority countries and with our muslim communities here at home, to counter the vicious ideology that isil promotes online. fourth, with american leadership, the international community has begun to establish a process and time line to pursue ceasefires and a political resolution to the syrian war. doing so will allow the syrian people and every country including our allies but also

on the common goal of destroying isil, a group that threatens us all. this is our strategy to destroy isil. it is designed and supported by our military commanders and counterterrorism experts, together with 65 countries that have joined an american-led coalition. and we constantly examine our strategy to determine when additional steps are needed to get the job done. that's why i've ordered the departments of state and homeland security to review the visa waiver program under which the female terrorist in san ber dino originally came to this country. and that's why i will urge high tech and law enforcement leaders to make it harder for terrorists to use technology to escape from justice. now here at home we have to work together to address the challenge. there are several steps that congress should take right away. to begin with, congress should

no-fly list is able to buy a gun. what could possibly be the argument for allowing a terror suspect to buy a semi-automatic weapon? this is a matter of national security. we also need to make it harder for people to buy powerful assault weapons like the ones that were used in san ber dino. i know there are some who reject any gun safety measures. but the fact is that our intelligence and law enforcement agencies, no matter how effective they are, cannot identify every would-be mass shooter, whether that individual is motivated by isil or some other hateful ideology. what we can do, and must do, is make it harder for them to kill. next, we should put in place stronger screening for those who come to america without a visa so that we can take a hard look at whether they've traveled to war zones. and we'reorking with members of both parties and congress to do exactly that.

i do that we are at war with isil, it should go ahead and vote to authorize the continued use of military force against these terrorists. for over a year i have ordered our military to take thousands of air strikes against isil targets. i think it's time for congress to vote to demonstrate that the american people are united and committed to this fight. my fellow americans, these are the steps that we can take together to defeat the terrorist threat. let me now say a word about what we should not do. we should not be drawn once more into a long and kosesly ground war-- costly ground war in iraq or syria. that's what groups like isil want. they know they can't defeat us on the battle field. isil fighters were part of the insurgrgcy that we faced in iraq am but they also know that if we occupy foreign lands they can maintain insurgencies for years,

and draining our resources and using our presence to draw new recruits. the strategy that we are using now, air strikes, special forces and working with local forces who are fighting to regain control of their own country, that is how we'll achieve a more sustainable victory. and it won't require us sending a new generation of americans overseas to fight and die foror anototr decade on foreign soil. here's what else we cannot do. we cannoturn against one another by letting this fight be fined as a war between a arica and islam. that too is what groups like isil want. isil does not speak for islam. they are thugs and killers, part of a cult of death. and they account for a tiny fraction of the more than a billion muslims around the

patriotic muslim amemecans who reject their hateful ideology. more over, the vast majority of terrorist victims around the world are muslim. if we're to succeed in defeating terrorism, we must enlist muslim communities as some of our strongest allies, rather than push them away through suspicion and hate. that does not mean d dying the fact that an extremist ideology has spread within some muslim communities. there's a real problem that muslims must confront without excuse. muslim leaders here and around the globe have to continue working with us to decisively and unequivocally reject the hateful ideology that groups like isil and al-qaeda promote, to speak out against not just acts of violence but also those interpretations of islam that are incompatible with the values of religious tolerance, mqtual respect and human dignity.

responsibility of muslims around the world to root out misguided ideas that lead to radicalization, it is the responsibility of l americans, of every faith, to reject discrimination. it is our responsibility to reject religious tests on who we admit into this country. it is our responsibility to reject proposals that muslim americans should show be treated differently. because when we travel down that road, we lose. that kind of deadviciveness, thth betrayal of our values plays into the hands of groups like isil. muslim-americans are our friends and our neighbors our coworkers, ourr sports heroes. and yes, they are our men and women in uniform who are willing to die in defense of our country. we have to remememr that. my fellow americans, i am

this mission because we are on the right side of history. we were founded upon a belief in human dignity that no matter who you are or where you come from or what you look like or what religion you practice, you are equal in the eyes off god and equal in the eyes of the law. even in this political season, even as we properly debate what steps i and future presidents must take to keep our country safe. let's make sure we never forget what makes us exceptional. let's not forget that freedom is more powerful than fear. that we have always met challenges whether war or depression, natural dises as-- disasters or terrorist attacks by cwming together around our common ideals as one nation, and one people. so long as we stay true to that tradition, i have no doubt that

thank you. god bless you and my god bless the united states of america. >> pelley: the president of the united states speaking live to the nation from the oval office, a rare oval office speech by the president. the last time he spoke from the oval office was five years ago when he announced that u.s. forces would be ending their combat role in iraq. so a symbol of how much importance he placed on this address. the address, however, was mostly a restatement of the president's strategy against isis or isil as he callsls it, the terrorist army that now occupies much of syria and iraq, a restatement of his policies that were in existence before san ber dino four days ago and before paris earlier this month. or i should say last month. major garrett is at the white house for us tonight. major, what did you see? >> reporter: it's a speech in

as you said, resetting the president's agenda, his strategy which has come under a lot of republican criticism on the presidential campaign trail against isis. the president talked about special operationssorces but it's important to point out, scott, those are new additions to the strategy, one that with their very presence in syria first, now in iraq is an admission by this white house and the pentagononehind it that the original strategy of bombing from the air was not working effectively. secondary, the psident on the operational side here at home said we should have more gun controro that was tried and it failed in the senate last week. maybe the president will try another attempt on that. that is going to be tough with the republican congress. the second part of the speech, the one i think the psident was most interested in was the values cocoonent of the speech. that the country must come together, that stigma advertising muslim-americans is not only against american values but operationglly ignorant because it plays into the isis or isil narrative and undermines u.s. counterterrorism efforts. that is a direct reflection,

white house openly concede this, to the kind of rhetoric the president has heard from some republican candidatat most notably the frontrunner donald trump. >> pelley: major garrett reporting from the white house, as always, major, tnk you very much. the president also asked on congress to take a number of actions. one,e,o close a loophole that actually allows anyone on the terrorist watch list, the no-fly list, allows them to buy a weapon in the united states. he says congress should closese that loophole. and he asked congress also to take a vote that essentially declares war on isis, to join him in a public statement against isis. the president alsls asked congress to make it harder to buy assault weapons as major garrett just mentioned. the president made a major appeal this evening to muslims to help in the fight against islamic extremism and also

are our neighbors, our friends, as he put it, even our sports heroes and the people who serve in our u.s. military. there will be much more about the president's address and the inveveigation on your lococ news on this cbs station. as always, on our 24 hour digital news network, cbsn and in the west tonight on the cbs evening news. i'm scott pelley, cbs news in washington. most of you will be returning to "60 minutes" after these messages. for lynn's family, the big stress is paying four hundred dollars a month in medical and drug costs for aidan. for other families it's higher d`ductibles, premms and co-pays that keep adding up. that's why we've got to crack down on price gouging, cap out-of-pocket costs, and fast track approval

because we've got to get health care costs under control for lynn's family and for yours. i'm hillary clinton and i approve this message. oogle rolled out a prototypypthat jumpstarted the competition. today, apple and uber are experimenting, too. we wanted to s how far the technology has come.

this year, we hit the road in silicon valley, the new detroit for self-driving cars. what do you pave to do to make the car ta over? >> ralf herrtwich: i just pull this lever. and now... >> whitaker: system is active? >> herrtwich: it goes. >> whitaker: computer scientist ralf herrtwich runs autonomous vehicle research for mercede benz. he punched in a route and took us for a 20-mile drive on city streets and highways in this s500, the company's most advanced self-driving prototype. so, this is like no hands, no feet, car is in charge? >> herrtwich: yeah, the car is in charge. >> whitaker: right from the start, the car astonished us. as we approached our first intersection, it slowed down and steered ititlf into the left rn lane. it's a german car, so naturally it has a german accent. car speaking ) >> whitaker:hat was the voice of herrtwich's secrerery.

when the light turned green, and now it's making this left turn by itself, with otr traffic around. this is absolutely amazing. just two minutes into the ride, we entered a freeway onramp. if you think a normal merge is nerve-wracking, try it with a driver who's talking with his nds. i must admit, i find it a little disconcerting that we are driving toward the freeway, and you don't have your hands on the wheel. >> herrtwich: shall i put them back on? would that make e u feel more comfortable? >> whitaker:r:o, no, no. herrtwich gave us a rare opportunity to go on an actual test run near mercedes' silicon valley lab. almost#every major auto maker is working on the technology here. nissan has teamed up with nasa. auto parts maker delphi put its system in this audi. it was the first to drive ityelf across the country. back at that merge, don't holdld your breath for the car to step on it. this s500 won't break the speed

are you going to have little old ladies driving up behind you, beepininthe horn to get going, get moving? >> herrtwich: some people have remarked that the car itself, in some cases, drives a bit like an old lady. that's... that's fine with us, for the time being. >> whitaker: especially since the car has driven about 20,000 miles s thout an accident. mercedes made its name selling the passion for driving on the open road. now, it sees a future in the growing desire to be driven through trafafc-jammed streets. what's fueling this? >> herrtwich: people are increasingly asking for this. people probably have become used to live more with computers and interact with computers, and they feel more comfortable doing this. and so, all of a sudden, we see this interest. and hey, there are certain situations where i d't want to drive. "can your car do it for me?" >> whitaker: first, you're amazed, then you begin to relax. surprisingly, it took less than

withthhe car in control. this is amazing. but don't get too comfortable. >> herrtwich: this is not good. >> whitaker: those beeps, that's not a sound you want to hear. it means the cararenses trouble and needs a helping human hand. ( car beeping ) >> herrtwich: now, the vehicle asks me to take over. >> whitaker: at this intersection, that silver car got too close. >> herrtwich: this is... for example, i... rather took over. it would've managed, but i, really it was... this was too close for us. >> whitaker: that guy was getting into our lane there? >> herrtwich: yeah. >> whitaker: it only happened a few times while we were driving around. herrtwich says teaching the car to handle encounters like that silver car-- on chaotic city streets with impulsive human drivers-- will keep his engineers busy for the next deca. m not an engineer. but how do you figure things like that out? >> herrtwich: the important thing about an autonomous vehicle is it has to have a very goodense of its environment. a vehicle cannot react to something it does not see, so we have to be very careful that we

around us. >> whitaker: the car sees with an array of cameras and radar sensors designed into the body, constantly scanning up to 600 feet in all directions. >> herrtwich: we can actually detect more quickly th something is happening that may cause an accident than the human driver can. >> whitaker: so these cars would actually be safe you're saying, than a auman driver? >> herrtwich: that's what we a a for. >> whitaker: that's what google is driving for, too. its autonomous cars rely on roof-mounted laser sensors to see the road. in the l lt six years, its fleet has driven more than a million miles. >> chris urmson: we're getting to a place where we're comparable to human driving today. >> whitaker: robotics scientist chris urmson is the director of ogle's self-driving g r project. he invited us inside his silicon valley garage, where the autonomous future is taking shape. google's a tech company, not a

>> urmson: absolutely. but the heart of what t kes the technology work is the algorithms and the software, and that's one of the things that we are really quite good at. >>hitaker: there are so many variables, so many different scenarios. how is it possible to put all of that knowledge into a car? >> urmson: and that's really the trick, right? that's what makes this hard. you can't just kind of go through d enumerate, you kno the 1,000 differert scenarios it might encounter, because it's not 1,000. there's an infinite number of them, right? and so the trick is to develop these algorithms that can generalize. >> whitaker: by generalize, he means "think," and this is how it works. the algorithms are trained to recognize other cars, pedestrians, cyclists, and animals from their movements, size, and shape. eaea car's daily drivingng experience is analyzed, uploaded, and shared. the cars can then make predictions and choices based on the llective knowledge of the

lookokn the lower left corner as one of urmson's cars encounters a pickup truck that stops to parallel park. now, how does the computer know that it's someone intending to back into a parking space, and not someone who's just stopped in the street? >> urmson: our cars have seen thousands and thousands of vehicles. and they get a "feeling," you know, they get a feeling really for what the behavior of those vehicles are going to be.. >> whitaker: really? >> urmson: so its seen lots of cars backing up, and so it understands if there's a space here, and a car stopped just in front of it, that means it's going to probably back into that >> whitaker: my smsmt phone has computer glitches. my computer has glitches. how do you get people to trust that this computer-on-wheels is not going to have a glitch? >> urmson: we're all used totour bits of home computing doing funny things, right? and what you have to remember is they're engineered and designed very differently. the way we develop the software, the way we develop the hardware, you know, the way we think about redundancy, the way we think

deal with on the road, it's completely different. >> whitaker: right now, the technology can't handle snow. google's cars can't operate in heavy rain. the mercedes s500 can't decipher hand gestures from traffic cops or pedestrians. four million miles of roads in the u.s. must be mapped in ultra-high definition detail. the auto makers call these "solvable" problems. in the meantime, the car industry plans to automate the driving experience feature by feature, what some are calling "revolution by evolution." the revolution is already being televised in ads. >> backup collision intervention which can brake, even before you do. >> whitaker: in shshrooms today, you can buy features to automatically keep you in your lane, help you park, drive you in stop-and-go traffic, and recently this-- hands-free highway driving. tesla made it available in

g.m. plans to offer it in a 2017 cadillac. >> mark rosekind: we are at prably the largest transformative moment in the history of the automobile. >> whitaker: mark rosekind is head of the national highway traffic safety administration. he is optimistic but also realistic about this new technology. >> rosekind: this s really different than just thinking about the engine parts and the tires. now, we're talking about cars are computers, so issues related to cyber security and privacy are just as big an issue as the defect in the manufacturing process. >> w wtaker: someone can h hk your computer and steal your money. but someone can hack your car and you can die. >> rosekind: people have to trust these vehicles. if they read or suspect in any way that they literally could be one virus away from a crash occurring, they're not going to get in that car. theye not going to buy it, they're not going to let it drive them. that whole future evaporates. >> whitaker: rosekind also worries about a future in which

the cars. >> rosekind: thinkbout how some of this is being sold. "oh, you can take a nap. you can read the paper." what would you do if you had to take over in a certain emergency situation? nobody has that future totally nailed yet. >> whitaker: mercedes and other major carmakers say y mans will ways have a role in n iving. but chris urmson of google says it's dangerous to require humans to snap to attentjon and take control at a moment't'notice, so the company stopped developing cars that put humans on call. now, it's testing 30 fully autonomous electric prototypes custom built for the job. so i would punch in where i wanted to go and it would just take off and go there? >> urmson: and it'd take off, you press the little "go" button under here. pull away from the curb, take you where you wanted. >> whitaker: for safetet the cars max out at 25 miles per hour. they don't need steering wheels or pedals, but they have them to comply with current california law.

assistan link? >> whitaker: jamie waydo oversees the engineering. she used to work at nasa on autonomous vehicles of a different sort, the mars rovers. >> waydo: \oing self-driving cars here on earth is actually more challenging in a lot of ways. >> whitaker: more difficult than driving across the surface of mars? >> waydo: ( laughs ) i think so. humans are so unpredictable. and so having to try to have a car who can out-predict an unpredictable human is amazing and really, really hard. >> whitaker: google's cars have been in ten minor accidents in self-driving mode-- all, the company says, the fault of humans driving in the other cars. google and mercedes told us, if their technology is at fault once it becomes commercially available, t ty'll accept responsibility and liability. but all involved expect fewer crashes as the technology evolves. for now, it's accelerating to the near future and beyond.

year 2030, the f015. >> peter lehmann: so we have an app. >> whitaker: you can summon it with your phone. >> lehmann: the car will start and come to you. >> whitaker: german engineer peter lehmann took us for a test drive at an old naval base on san francisco bay. the car's radical design was aped by expectations of life in the future. you turn your back to the steering wheel. mercedes is planning for overcrowded cities, perpetual gridlock, and an autonomous car to drive the stress away. >> lehmann: now you can relax, or you can... look a movie. so you have really gained titi. >> whitaker: i feel like i'm driving into the future right now. >> lehmann: ah, ha, yes. >> whitaker: a future google's chris urmson says is coming and coming fast. so how long before that day? >> urmson: so, the way i talk

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>> kroft: tonight, we're going to bring you a spy story unlike any other.

complicated, wait ti you hear about tack barsky's, who led three of them simultaneously: one, as a husband and father; two, as a computer programmer and administrator at some top american corporations; and three, as a kgb agent upying on america during the last decadedef the cold war. the fbi did finally apprehend him in pennsylvania, but it was long after the soviet union had crumbled. as we first reported in may, what makes jack barsky's s sry even more remarkable is that he's never spent a night in jail, and the russians declared him dead a long time ago. he's living a quiet life in upstate new york, and has worked in important and sensitive jobs. he's now free to tell his story, as honestly as a former spy ever can. so, who are you? >> jack barsky: who am i? ( laughs ) that depends when the question is asked. right now, i'm jack barsky.

a u.s. citizen, but it wasn't always the case. >> kroft: how many different identities do yoyohave? >> barsky: i have two main identities-- a german one and an american one. >> kroft: what's your real name? >> barsky: my real name is jack barsky. >> kroft: ananwhat name were you born with? >> barsky: albrecht dittrich. say that three times real fast. >> kroft: just say it once slowly. >> barsky: albrecht dittrich. >> kroft: how albrecht dittrich became jack barsky is one of the untold stories of the cold war, an era when the real battles were often fought between the cia and the kgb. barsky was a rarity, a soviet spspwho posed as an american and became enmeshed in american society. for the ten years he was operational for the kgb, no one inhis country knew his real story, not even his family. did you think you were going to get away with this? >> barsky: yeah. otherwise, i wouldn't have done it. ( laughs ) >> kroft: what barsky did can be traced back to east germany,

albrecht dittrich. a national scholar at a renowned university in jena, dittrich was on the fast track to becoming a chemistry professor, his dream job. barsky: didn't work out that way, because i was recruited by the kgb to do something a little more adventurous. >> kroft: spy? >> barsky: we called it something different. we used a euphemism. i was going to be a "scout for peace." >> kroft: a kgb "scout for peace"? >> barsky: that is correct. the communist spies were the good guys, and the capitalist spies were the evil ones, so we didn't use the word "spy". >> kroft: he says s s spying career began with a knock on his dorm room door one saturday afternoon in 1970. a man introduced himself, claiming to be from a prominent optics company. >> barsky: he wanted to talk withthe about my career, which was highly unusual. i immediately... there was a flash in my head that said, "that's stasi." >> kroft: east german secret police? >> barsky: east... east german secret police, yeah. >> kroft: it was a stasi agent.

restaurant in jena, where a russian kgb agent showed up and took over the conversation. the kgb liked dittrich's potential because he was smart, his father was a mememr of the communist party, and he didn't have any relatives in the west. dittrich liked the attention and the notion he might get to help the soviets. and what did you think of americ >> barsky: i iwas the enemy. and... and the reason that the americans did so well was because they exploited all the third-world countries. that's what we were taught and that's what we believed. we didn't know any better. i grew up in an area where you could not receive west german television. it was called the "valley of the& clueless." >> kroft: for the next couple of years, the kgb put dittrich through elaborate tests, and then in 1973, he was summoned to east berlin, to this former soviet military compound. the kgb, he says, wanted him to go undercover. >> barsky: at that point, i had passed all the tests, so they

>> kroft: but you had been thinking aboututt all along, hadn't you? >> barsky: that's true-- with one counterweight, in that you didn't really know what was going to come. how do you test-drive becoming another person? >> k kft: it was a difficult decision, but he agreed to join the kgb and eventually found himself in moscow, undergoing intensive training. >> barsky: a very large part of the training was operational work-- determination as to whether you're being under surveillance; morse code, short wave radio reception. i also learned how to do microdots. a microdot is... you know, you take a pictu and make it so small with the use of a microscope that you can put it under a postage stamp. >> kroft: the soviets were looking to send someone to the u.s. who could pose as an american. dittrich s swed a command of english and no trace of an east german accent that might give him away. he learned a hundred new english words every day. >> barsky: it took me forever.

of phonetics training. the difference between "hot" and "hut," right? that's very difficult and... and most germans don't g g that one. >> kroft: did you want to go to the united states? >> barsky: oh, yeah. sure. there was new york, there was san francisco, you know. we heard about these places. >> kroft: your horizons were expanding. >> barsky: oh, absolutely. now, i'm really in the big league, ririt? ( laughter ) >> kroft: dittrich needed an american identity, and one day, a diplomat out of the soviet embassy y washington came across this tombstone just outside of d.c. with the name of a ten-year-old boy who had died in 1955. the name was jack philip barsky. >> barsky: and they said, "guess what. we have birth certificate. you're going to ththu.s." >> kroft: and that was the jack barsky birth certificate. >> barsky: the jack barsky birth certificate that somebody had i didn't have to get this myself. >> kroft: did you feel strange walking g ound with this identity of a... of a child? >> barsky: no.

when you do this kind of wk, some things, you don't think about. because if y y explore, you may find something you don't like. >> kroft: the newly minted jack barsky landed in new york city in the fall of 1978, with a phony back story called a "legend" and a fake cacadian passport that he quickly discarded. the kgb's plan for him was fairly straightforward. they wanted the 29-year-old east german to get a real u.s. passport with his new name, then become a businessman, then insert himself into the upper echelons of american society, and then to get close to national security adviser zbigniew brzezinski so that he could spy on him. >> barsky: that was the plan. it failed. >> kroft: why? >> barsky: because i was not given very good instructions with regard to how to apply for a passport. >> kroft: when he went to apply for a passport at rockefeller center, barsky was thrown off by the list of questions. >> barsky: specific details about my past, for which i had

so i walked out of it. >> kroft: did the kgkghave a pretty good grasp on the united states and how things worked there? >> barsky: no. >> kroft: no? >> barsky: absolutely not. they made a number of mistakes in terms of giving me advice, what to do, what not to do. they just didn't know. >> kroft: left to fend for himself in a country the kgb didn't understand, he got himself a cheap apartment and tried to make do with a birth certificate and $6,000 in cash the soviets had given him. his spying career at that point more resembled the bumbling boris badenov than james bond. so you were rking as a bike messenger. >> barsky: right. >> kroft: that doesn't sound like a promising position for a spy. >> barsky: no. ( laughs ) but there were a lot of things that i didn't know. >>roft: so how close did you ever get to brzezinski? >> barsky: ( laughs ) not very. >> kroft: to get a social security card, which he would need if he wanted a real job, barsky knew he would have to do some acting.

30-plus-yeye-old person to... toto say, you know, " "don't have a social security card. give me one." so in order to make my story stick, i made my face dirty so i looked like somebody who just came off a farm. it worked! the lady asked me, she said, "so how come you don't... you don't have a card?" and when the answer was, "i didn't need one." "why?" "welel i worked on a farm.m. and that was the end of the interview. >> kroft: the social security card enabled him to enroll at baruch college in manhattan, where he majored in computer systems. he was class valalictorian, but you won't find a picture of him in the school yearbook. in 1984, he was hired as a programmer bmetropolitan life insurance, where he hahaaccess to the personal information of millions of americans. you were writing computer code? >> barsky: right, yes. lots of it. and i was really good at it. >> kroft: what he didn't write,

what was the most valuable piece of information you gave them? >> barsky: i would say that was the computer code, because it was a very prominent piece of industrial software still in use today. >> kroft: this was i i code? >> barsky: no comment. >> kroft: you don't want to say? >> barsky: no. it was good stuff. let's put it thiway, yeah. >> kroft: it was helpful to the soviet union. >> barsky: it... it would've been helpful to the soviet union and their running organizations and... and factories and so forth. >> kroft: how often did you communicate with theussians? >> barsky: i would get a radiogram once a week. >> kroft: a radiogram, meaning? >> barsky: a radiogram means a transmission that was on a certain frequency at a certain time. >> kroft: every thursday night at 9:13, barsky would tune into his short wave r rio at his apartment in queens and listen for a transmission he believed came from cuba. >> barsky: all the messages were encrypted that they became digits. and the digits would be sent

and sometimes, that took a good hour to just write it all down, and then another three hours to decipher. >> kroft: during the ten years he worked for the kgb, barsky had a ready-made cover story. when somebody would ask you, you know, "where you from, jack?" what'd you say? >> barsky: i'm originally from new jersey. i was born in orange. that's it. amamican-- nobody ever questioned that. people would question my... "you have an accent." but my comeback was, "yeah, my mother was german and we spoke a lot of german at home." >> kroft: you had to tell a lot of lies. >> barsky: absolutely. i was living a lie. >> kroft: were you a good liar? >> barsky: the best. >> kroft: you had to be a good liararo juggle the multiplpl lives he was leading. every two years while he was undercover for the kgb, barsky would return to east germany and moscow for debriefings. during one of his visits to east berlin, he married his old girlfriend gerlinde and they had a son.

>> barsky: initially, it wasn't complicated at all.$& it got complicated later. >> kroft: because? >> barsky: because i got married in the united states to somebody else. ( laughter ) >> kroft: did she know about your other wife in germany? >> barsky: no. >> kroft: did your wife in germany know about the... >> barsky: not at all. kroft: so you had t t wives. >> barsky: i did. i'm... i was officially a bigamist. that's... that's the one thing i am so totally not proud of... >> kroft: being a spy was all righ.. ( laughter ) being a bigamist... >> barsky: in hindsight, you know, i was a spy for the wrong people. but... but i... this one hurt, because i had promised my german wife that, you know, we would be together forever. and i broke that promise. and the one wawai can explain it to myself is i had separated the german, the dittrich, from the barsky to the point where the two just didn't know about%each

>> kroftftnot only did he haveve two different identities and two wives, he had a son named matthias in germany and a daughter named chelsea in america. and by november 1988, a radiogram from the kgb would force him to make an excruciating choice. >> barsky: i received a radiogram that essentially said, "you need to come home. your cover may soon be broken and you're in danger of being arrested by the american authorities." >> kroft: barsky was given urgent instructions from the kgb to locate an oil can that had been dropped next to a fallen ee just off this pataton new york's staten island. a fake passport and cash that he needed to escape the united states and return to east germany would be concealed inside the can. >> barary: i was supposed toto pick up the container and go on, leave. not even go back home to the apartment, just disappear. the container wasn't there. i don't know what i would have done if i had found it, , t i know what i did when i didn't find it.

operation." i made the decision to stay. >> kroft: why? >> barsky: because of chelsea. >> kroft: your daughter. >> barsky: yes.. if chelsea's not in the mix, that's a no brainer. i'm out of here. >> kroft: barsky had chosen chelsea over matthias. >> barsky: i had bonded with her. it was a tough one because, on the one hand, i had a wife and a child ininermany, but if i don't take care of chelsea, she grows up in poverty. >> kroft: this may be a little harsh, but it sounds like the first time in your life that you thought about somebody besides yourself. >> barsky: you'r'rabsolutely right. i was quite an egomaniac. i was. >> kroft: jack barsky was still left with the not insignificant matter of telling the kgb that he was staying in america.

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>> kroft: at the end of 1988, jack barsky's ten-year run as a clandestine kgb agenin the united states was about to come to an end. he had ignored soviet warnings that his cover had been blown, and decided to remain in america and not return to his native east germany. he was taking a chance that no one in america wouldldver find out who he really was. and he was taking a bigger chance that the kgb wouldn't retaliate for disobeying an order. the urgency with which the soviets seemed to view the situation became clear o o morning in queens. jack barsky says he was on his way to work in december 1988, standing and waitingngor an "a" train on this subway platform when a stranger paid him a visit. >> barsky: there's this character in... in a black coat,

whispers in my ear, he says, "you got to come home or else you're dead." and then he walked out. >> kroft: russian accent? >> barsky: yes. >> kroft: that's an incentive. >> barsky: it's an incentive to go. >> kroft: i meananspies get killed all the time. >> barsky: they do. but not me. the entire time, i always had this childlike belief that everything would be all right. >roft: so what are you going to tell the russians. >> barsky: well, i... i sent them this "dear john" letter, the good-bye letter in which i stated that i had contracted aids, and that the only way for me to get a treatment would be in the united states. >> kroft: you just wrote them a letter and said, "i can't come back, i've got aids"? >> barsky: there's three things i... i tell peoplelehat the russians were afraid of-- aids, jewish people, and ronald reagan. and they w%re deathly... >> kro: in that order? >> barsky: i thihi ronald reagan

they thought he would push the button. >> kroft: the aids letter apparently worked because, in east berlin, the soviets told his germ wife gerlinde he wasn't coming back. >> barsky: they went to gerlinde and told her that i had died of aids. so i think they just wrote me off completely. >> kroft: you were officially dead in east germany? >> barsky: right. after five years, she was able to declare m mdead. >> kroft: once the berlin wall fell and the soviet union fell apart, barsky was a man without a country. no one would want him back. he felt his secret was safe in america. he became a family guy, with a wife, two kids, chelsea and jessie, and a job. he burrowed himself into sububuia, keeping a low profile. >> barsky: i was settling down, i was living in the... in rural pennsylvania at the time in a nice house with two children. i was, like, typical middle- class existence. >> kroft: and his life would

archivist named vassal mitrokhin hadn't defected to the west in 1992 with a trove of notes on the viets' spying operations aroundndhe world. buried deep in his papers was the last name of a secret agent the kgb had deployed somewhere in america, barsky. >> joe reilly: we were concerned that he might be running an agent operating in the federal government somewhere. who knows? in the fbi, the cia, the state department. we had no idea. >> kroft: joe reilly was an fbi agent when the bureau got the mitrokhin tip, and the barsky case quickly became serious enough that fbi director louis freeh got personally involved. the fbi didn't know who or where he was, but the best lead seemed to be a jack barsky who was working as an i.t. specialist in new jersey, with a suburban home acacss the border in mt.t.ethel, nnsylvania. >> kroft: aside from his name, was there anything else that made you suspicious and make you think that this was the guy you

>> reilly: yes. one thing was the fact that he had applied for a social security number late in life, especially someone like him who was educated and intelligent. >> kroft: the fbi began following barsky, and when this surveillance photo c cght him talking to a native of cuba, the bureau grew increasingly concerned. >> barsky: there were some indications that i could possibly be the head of a international spy ring, because i had a a iend who was originally from cuba. and it so happened that this friend owned an apartment that was rented to a soviet diplomat. so that one raised all kinds of flags and they investigated me very, very, , ry carefully. >> kroft: fbi agent joe reilly went so far as to set up an observation post on a hillside behind barsky's house. this is a picture he took of his view. >> reilly: i got a telescope and binoculars, as if i was a birdwatcher, but i was looking at his backyard and at him. over time, i learned a great deal about him. >> kroft: like what?

well, i became convinced that he loved his children. and that was important because i wanted to know if he would flee. there was less chance of that if... if he was devoted to his children. and he was. >> kroft: but that wasn't enough for the fbi. the bureau bought the house next door to get a closer look at the barskys. did you get a good deal? ( laughter ) >> reilly: i think we paid what he was asking. ( laughter ) and we had agents living there so that we could be sure who was coming and going from his house without being too obvious in our surveillance. >> kroft: you had no idea the fbi was living next door to you? >> barsky: ( laughs ) no. >> kroft: nevesaw joe reilly up on the hill with the binoculars? >> b bsky: no. absolutely not. >> kroft: when the fbi finally got authorization from the justice department to bug barsky's home, the case broke wide open. >> reilly: witn, i'd say, the first two weeks that we had microphones in his house, he had

kitchen. and during the course of that dispute, he readily admitt that he was an agent operating from the soviet union. >> kroft: it was all the fbi needed to move in on barsky. they set a trap for him at a to bridge across the delaware river as he drove home from work late one friday afteteoon in may of 1997. >> barsky: i'm being waved to the side by a state trooper. and he said, "we're doing a routine traffic check. would you please get out of the car?" i get out of the car and somebody steps up from... from behind and shows me a badge. and he said, "fbi. we would like to talk to you." >> reilly: his face just dropped. and we told him that he had to go with us. >> barsky: the first words out of my mouth were, "am i under arrest?" and the answer was no. now, that took a big weighoff of me, so i figured there was a chance to get out of this in one

and the next question i asked,