a fictitious african minister who wants to bringillions in questionable funds into the u.s. >> if it's not in his name... >> yes. >> then he needs what is known as a straw man. >> kroft: it's part of a hidden camera sting operation to see how w wling american lawyers might be to offer advice. >> so we have to scrub it at the beginning, if we can, or scrub it at the intermediary location that i mentioned. >> there i i a clear pitch consistently presented in every one of these tapes of what amounts to an incredible number of red flags that scream corruption. >> kroft: dirty money? >> dirty money.. >> alfonsi: petermann glacier in greenland is one of the largest glaciers in the arctic circle and one that's experienced dramamac melting. although it is a harsh and dangerous environment, it has drawn some of the world's

study its it's sheath and look at its effects on the ocean. we watched as they attempted a first-ever look at what's happening 300 feet below the ice. >> i'm steve kroft. >> i'm lesley stahl. >> i'm bill whitaker. >> i'm sharyn alfonsi. >> i'm scott pelley.

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hey, you're going to do great. hi. >> kroft: if you like crime dramas and movies with international intrigue, then you probably have a basic understanding of money

it's how dictators, drug dealers, corrupt politicians, and other crooks avoid getting caught by transfororng their ill-gotten gains into assets that appear to be legitimate. they do it by moving the dirty money through a maze of dummy corporations and offshore ba accounts t tt conceal their identity and the source of the funds. and most of it would never happen without the help-- witting or unwitting-- of lawyers, a aountants and incorporators, the people who actually create these anonymous shell companies and help move the money. in fact, the u.s. has become o of the most popular places in the world to do it. tonight, with the help of hidden camera footage, we're going to show you how easy it seems to have become to conceal questionable fundsrom law enforcement and the public. you need look no further for evidence than the changing skyline of new york city, where much o& the priciest residential

not by individuals but by anonymous shell companies with secret owners. there's nothing illegal about it as long as the money's legitimate, but there'g no way to tell if you don't know who the real buyers are. it is one of the reasons global witness, a london-based non- profit organization that exposes international corruption, came to new york city 19 months ago. it wanted to see how helpful u.s. lawyers would be in concealing questionable funds. this hidden camera footage was shot in law firms across manhattan without the lawyers' knowledge by the man in the gray coat with the german accent. >> lawrence gabe: so it's ralph? >> ralph kayser: ralph kayser. >> kroft: "ralph kayser" is not his real name. he's an investigator for global witness posing here as the representative of a government official from a poor west african country who wants to move millions of dollars in suspicious funds into the united ates, and he needs t t lawyers' help. what country and what minister

>> kayser: i can't tell you. it's one of those mineral rich countries in west africa. there are not so many. >> kroft: attorney gerald ross and the other lawyers were told secrecy was essential, because the african minister had amassed his fortune collecting special payments from foreign companies thth he'd helped obtain valuable mineral rights. >> kayser: so companies are eager to get hold of rare earth or other minerals. and so they y some special money for it. i wouldn't name it bribe. i would say "facilitation money." >> kroft: kayser said it was all legal. he told attorney james silkenat and the other lawyers that the minister was shopping for a townhouse, a jet and a yacht, but his name must not be connected to the purchases. >> kayser: if his name now would appear in connection with buying some real estate here and other r ems, it would look, at least, very, very embarrassing.

because his... presumably his salary in, wherever it is, would not cover the kinds of acquisitions we're talking about. >> kayser: oh, for sure. it's the salary of a teacher here. and so how cane make sure that he is being able to-to buy prprerty here and to live a nice life, but his name being out? >> silkenat: right. any guesses as to how much money we're talking about for the brownstone and the other items? >> kayser: i mean, t t brownstone, talk about $10 million. for second-hand gulfstream, i could imagine $10, $20 million. a yachw would be at least $200, $300 million. >> kroft: the fictitious story of the african minister was cooked up in global witness' london office, based on an actual money laundering case. the investigator phoned 50 new york law firms with experience in private asset protection and managed to get face-to-face meetings with 16 different

>> kayser: i'm very frank. it's, i would say,y,gray money." i think somebody told me you name it "black money." >> kroft: global witness says the pitch was intentionally designed to raise red flags and to give the lawyers good reason to suspect that the ministerer millions came from official corruption, and they all did. >> kayser: it's only that the money is a bit, let's say... >> gabe: tainted. >> kayser: tainted, thank you very much. >> gabe: oy, that's a nice word. okay. >> kayser: or, you gave another expression? koplik: honest graft. kayser: honest graft! okay, fine. so i have to be frank. it's honest graft. how would you name it? >> ross: some people call it bribes. >> kayser: nah, i woulul't name it bribe... >> ross: never. right, no, course not. >> kayser: because it's a business deal. so, okay, bribe... is actually bribe. >> charmian gooch: you know, the story of the fictitious african minister would probably have raised eyebrows for the averagag persononn the street. >> kroft: charmian gooch is the co-founder of global witness, a public advocacy group that exposes corrupti in the developing world. previous undercover investigations exposed the global trade in african blood

this investigation, gooch says, exposes serious flaws in the u.s. legal system that have made it a hub for international money laundering. >> gooch: what the lawyers laid out for us in some detail was all the different possibilities and ways in which it could be done. >> kroft: what you're saying is if you want to get dirty money into the united states, it's not that hard to do. >> gooch: what i'm saying is there is an open door and it's pretty shocking and pretty concerning, because that money could be coming from anywhere. >> kroft: of the 16 lawyers that global witnessssecorded in these preliminary meetings, only attorney jeffrey herrmann flatly declined to participate and showed ralph kayser the door. >> herrmann: i have some real questions about that. >> kayser: yes? >> herrmann: under the foreign corrupt practices act. >> kayser: right. >> herrmann: and under the foren corrupt practices act, bribing foreign officials is illegal. >> kayser: by americans. >> herrmann: by americans.

involved. so it's money frfr other nation- - nationals, not american entities, not american nationals... >> herrmann: it's not for me. >> kayser: pardon me? >> herrmann: it's not for me. >roft: aside from that one exception, 12 out of the 13 law firms, including 15 out of the 16 lawyers, not only heard ralph kayser out, they suggested ways thth the suspicious funds could be moved into the u.s. without compromising the minister's identity. attorney james silkenat was selected by global witness bebeuse at the time, he was presesent of the american bar association. yet he and his colleague, hugh finnegan, provided what former prosecutors told us was a roadmap of how to conceal the source of the funds ususg layers of anonymous, interconnected shell companies in multiple jurisdictions. >> finnegan: presumably, we would set up a little bit of a series of owners to try and, again, protect privacy as much as anything elsese

>> silkenat: so company a is owned by company b, which is owned jointly by company c and d, and your party owns all of or the majority of the shares of c and d. >> kayser: so we, we create several companies? >> finnegan: yes. >> kayser: all in new york or different states? >> finnegan: well, like i said, atome point, probably pretty quickly, you'd go offshore. >> kroft: attorney john jankofff and his partner, lawrence gabe, recommended variations of the same strategy. >> jankoff: a lot of people in africa use the isle of man. some of them use liechtenstein... >> gabe: so he would just take his millions of dollars, put it in isle of man... >> jankoff: he can put it into a swiss bank account. the swiss will have it. and... and then... >> gabe: and then he comes to us. >> jankoff: and then he comes to us and says, "i want to buy a townhouse." >> kroft: attorney marc koplik also suggested that the minister could move his money out of west africa to europe, where it could be "scrubbed" in an anonymous

would be happy to set up. >> koplik: the money as it sits >> kayser: it's in different names. >> k klik: okay. so it will come as those >> kayser: including his name, yes? >> koplik: so we have to scrub it at the e ginning, if we can,, or scrub it at the intermediary location that i mentioned. >> kayser: so how to do this, intermediary? that means a bank in? >> koplik: we'll say luxembourg. >> kayser: luxembourg. >> koplik: we will set up an appropriate entity call it clientoverseas.com or whatever, and then that will send money into the united states. >> kroft: if that was a banker talking instead of a lawyer, he could be in serious trouble. that's because under u.s. law, bankers are required to report suspicious financial activity to the authorities. lawyers are under no such legal obligation. >> gooch: banks in america are required to know their customer or required to be very cognizant of risk and to report on it if

there around money laundering. and yet, absolutely bizarrely, american lawyers aren't. this is clearly an issue. and i think our investigation has shown the potential for what could happen because of that lack of regulation. >> kroft: global witness says that anomaly is just one of the flaws in the u.s. legal system that helps facilitate money laundering. >> and we're g gng to call it hehe, "anonymous, incnc >> kroft: another is the ease in which anonymous shell companies can be set up he to conceal ownership of money and assets. last year two million new corporations were set up in the united states, many with no offices, products or employees... just an address and perhaps a bank account. >> gooch: in many states across america, you need d ss identification to set up and open up an anonymous company than you do to get a library card. >> kroft: gooch says anonymous shell companies are like getaway cars for crooks, designed to put them as far way as possible from

according to a world bank study, the u.s. was the favorite place for corrupt officials to set up anonymous shell companies. >> gooch: t tre was a very good academic study and america came up as the easiest place to set up an anonymous company, after kenya, out of 180 countries. >> kroft: after kenya? >> gooch: after kenya. >> kroft: so did that study have anything to do with your decision to go ahead and do these undercover investigations? >> gooch: it inspired us. i mean, we almost thought, "it can't be this bad, can it?" and, unfortunately, what we found is it is. >> kroft: all of the attornene expressed some concerns, like >> ross: i've got to be very careful myself. it looks like i'm laundering money. d that would cost me my license and-d-d i... just don't do that. >> kroft: but later, he suggested that the questionable money could be wired directly into his client escrow account, bypassing scrutiny from the banks. >> rosos when i get money from my other clients, it always comes here with some strange name on it.

>> kayser: and nobody ask? >> ross: it doesn't come from minister joe jones. it comes from the xyz account. >> kroft: john jankoff said they would need to get a legal opinion that the money was clean, then suggested that the minister use froro men to open up overseas bank accounts. >> jankoff: if it's not in his name, then he needs what is known as a "straw man." practically speaking if the money leaves the country his name should not be attached to the wire. it should be other people's names. >> poncy: bnd we know this happens. we know this happens. thth is how money laundering occurs all over the world. but that does not mitigate the power of seeing it up close. >> kroft: we showed the tapes to chip poncy, a foer top official at the treasury department whoseseob was to stop financial crime, terrorist financing and money laundering. he says there's nothing wrong with lawyers setting up anonymous shell companies to

if i is done to conceal criminal activity, that's when it becomes a problem. >> poncy: there's a clear pitch consistently presented in every one of these tapes of what amounts to an incredible number of red flags that scream corruption. >> kroft: dirty money? >> poncy: dirty money. >> kroft: bad actors? >> poncy: bad actors. they don't want to be found and they have a need. they've got to move their money from a point whehe they've received corrupt proceeds in this case to a point where they can enjoy those proceeds. and to get 'em from... to get this money from point a to point b, they need help in laundereng it, effectively. >> kroft: : ncy says he was dismayed with the ease and the comfort with which attorneys seemed to be willing to turn a blind eye and discuss a matter that was likely to be illegal. poncy: what's essential to recognize is that this is after itit been revealed that t e potential client is representing an african minister with hundreds of millions of dollars of funds received through, effectively, bribes. >> kroft: this is more than legal advice?

on how to evade controls, or at a minimum, very clear global standards on financial transparency to allow our countries to go after proceeds of crime. >> kroft: attorney marc koplik told the global witness investigator that he preferred using money managers and inuestment firms to move funds. he thought i iwas less risky than using banks. >> koplik: and i would suggest three or four to you. some are bigger. some are sualler. the smaller ones are often more flexible and understanding and less concerned about their reputation. because they fly, to a greater extent, below the radar screen. >> kroft: sometimes the advice took the form of suggesting banks and countries that might be less vigilant about money laundering. >> silkenat: we would have to look into how far specific banks looked into, you know, the, you

laws and how far they would dig. >> finnegan: in many ways, you'd probably be better off with a smaller bank bececse... >> kayser: that would be a possibility. >> finnegan: because the bigger banks are much more serious about looking into thastuff. >> kayser: their reputatn. >> finnegan: right.. yes. >> silkenat: and there may be other banking systems that are less rigorous on this than the u.s. would be.e. >> kayser: what would it be? >> silkenat: the usual banking havens, i think, would be ones you would want to consider. we could provide you with a list of countries where the banking systems rereire less detail on ownership or source of funds. >> kroft: while james silkenat, the former president of the american bar association, and hihipartner, hugh finnegan, listened to the pitch and suggested ways in which they might be able to help, they were also the most suspicious of ralph kayser and his african

mimites into the meeting. >> silkenat: we need to talk about the risks or just coerns about where he got the money and how to explain that. >> kayser: that's it. >> silkenat: thereres... there are issues there. the transactions is which he would be involved here wouldn't be part of facilitating papaents, but if that's s ally where the money came from and if there were, you know, "crimes" committed someplace else, that-- that starts to be an issue. >> kroft: they were also the most cautious about moving forward. towards the end of the meeting, hugh finnegan, who is off camera here, sasa the firm would feel obligated to report anything it believed to be illegal. >> finnegan: bearing in mind of what you said, no american law was violatedno local law was violated, but, you know, if we're aware that a c cme is being committed, we e ve an

>> kroft: mr. silkenat says, "we need to talk about the risks or just concernabout where he got the money and how to explain that." >> poncy: that, that, and that's, that's a welcome... >> kroft: he's already been told how, where the money came from and how he got the money. >> poncy: coect. so it-it's a healthy recognitionon that there's an issue here. >> kroft: if you could ask him anything about this meeting, what would it be? >> poncy: what's going through your head? why are you continuing this conversation? why not just say no? is the b biness that important? >> kroft: neither silkenat nor finnegan would agree to an on- camera interview. but they sent us a statement saying they only discussed generic information that could be found on the internet and that their conduct was "entirely appropriate." "had the camera followed us after the meeting," they wrote, "it would have shown us agreeing that kayser was disrsrutable and that we would not deal with him again." none of the other lawyers agreed to give us an on camera interview either. when we come back, we'll take a look at the legal and ethical

seen. >> cbs money watch update brought to you by one of the world's leading pharmaceutical companies. >> glor: good evening. the united nations wants $860 million for iraq's humanitariaia crisis. on tuesday b.p. is expected to announce a 70% drop in profits. and former drug company c.e.o. martin shkreli could face contempt charges if he's a no-show at thursday's congressional hearg on

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how far will you take the alalnew rav4 hybrid? toyota. let's go places. >> kroft: when a non-profit organization called global

months ago, it secretly recorded hidden camera interviews with 16 manhattan lawyers. its investigator was posing as the representative of an african official trying to move millions of dollars of suspicious funds. global witness, which specializes in exposing international corruption, wanted to see how much help the lawyers would provide in setting up anonymous shell companies and offshore bank accounts to move the suspicious funds into the u.s., and at the same time, protect the identity of the fictitious african official. >> silkenat: good to see you. >> kayser: good to see you. >> kroft: the undercover investigator, who called himself ralph kays, told the lawyers that the minister had used his official p pition to collect tens of millions of dollars in special payments from foreign companies to help them obtain valuable mineral rights. he wanted to move the money to the united states to buy a house, a jet, and a yacht. >> kayser: so therefore, he wants to bring in the money into

so, starting with the brownstone and then, probably, buying a gulfstream jet... he wants to commmmsion the building of a yacht, and buy, probably, more property. >> kroft: the story was tentionally devised raise red flags and lead the lawyers to believe that the minister's money was dirty. during the meetings, only one of the 16 lawyers, jeffrey herrmann, told him no. >> herrmann: this ain't for me. my standards are higher. >> kroft: the rest expressed varying degrees of interest, with most of them offering advice on how it could be done. >> koplik: we do everything, soup to nuts. so, there's no limitation. we don't say, "oh, we don't do windows, or we don't deal with the financial money managers," or whatever. no. we orchestrate and organize the entire thing. we're happy to take that responsibility. >> kroft: what's important to point out-- and it cannot be overstated-- is that none of the lawyers we've shown you broke

african mininier didn't really exist. there were no hundreds of millions of dollars, and global witness' charmian gooch said no money ever changed hands. so this is sort of a morality test >> gooch: it wasn't. it was a... it was a test on the system. >> kroft: you know, people could make the argument, "look, all these guys did, really, was just listen to this person that came into their office. they didn't make a deal, they didn't sign up.. they said, 'we n nd to do some more research.'" >> gooch: and you know what? they'd be absolutely right to say that, but they'd need to say something else, too, which is that those lawyers laid out, in often considerable detail, a myriad of different ways to bring money into america. >> kroft: none of the lawyers agreed to take on the african minister as a client, nor were they asked to. it was a preliminary meeting that ended with momo of the attorneys expressing interest in continuing the dialogue, and some enthusiastic about landing the business. >> silkenat: i'm happy to chat whenever it's possible to move the ball f fward on this. >> kayser: fantastic, grgrt. >> silkenat: good.

in. >> kroft: marc koplik and albert grant foresaw no problem as long as the money was clean, and gave nonondication that they y anned to do any checking themselves. they went so far as to discuss legal fees. >> koplik: legal fees will be substantial, albert. correct me i'm wrong-- $50,000 to $100,000. >> kroft: koplik also suggested conducting a test in which a portion of the suspicious funds would be sent into the united states. >> koplik: a million dollars. >> kayser: a million dollars, so, as a test? >> albert grant: yeah. >> kayser: bececse i said, probably you would start with around, $50 million, probably, i could imagine? >> koplik: i would say a million dollars. >> kayser: a million dollars. >> koplik: if anything goes wrong, it'll be paful, but it won't be life threateng. >> kayser: right. exextly. >> kroft: john jankoff and his partner, lawrence gabe, who is off camera here, also seemed willing to go forward. >> jankoff: we would orchektrate it. one legal fee to cover everything. >> kroft: however, gabe did express some concerns about the transactions. >> kayser: who can set up this structure? could you do it? >> jankoff: yeah, your brother-

>> gabe: well, oka but i-i-i don't think he does it with money that may be questionable. and that we have to find out about. >> kroft: at the end of that meeting, they looked forward2to the next conversation on the telephone, not on email. >> gabe: okay, give me a phone number where we can reach you? >> kayser: ah... >> gabe: i'm certainly not putting this in emails. >> kayser: sending an eml with just an outline would be f fe, as well, so o 's... >> jankoff: i don't like emails. >> kayser: you don't like emails? >> gabe: that's how you catch people. >> kroft: the hidden camera tapes raise all sorts of ethical questions not just about the behavior of the lawyers, but about the methods used by global witness in making them. we showed the footage to bill simon, a law professor at columbia university, who is one of the country's top legal ethicists. >> bill simon: i think it draws attention to the fact that lawyers may be playing an important role in money laundering that requires more scrutiny. >> kroft: have you ever seen anything like this before? >> simon: no. >> kroft: never? >> simon: never. >> kroft: what's your overall impression of it? >> simon: any lawywy's going to

that this was a sting in which someone lied his way into a lawyer's office and secretly recorded statements a lawyer was... thought he was making to a client. that's kind of unprecedented and it's kind of inconsistent with the bar's norms about confidentiality. so i'm a little uneasy about that. ononhe other hand, i thihi that the tapes expose conduct of great public consequence. valuable that the public sees it? >> simon: yeah. i think it's very valuable. confidentiality is for the benefit of the client, not the lawyer. but the lawyers benefit from it, because conduct that goes on under the protection of confidentiality is never scrutinized by the public. and lawyers are never accountable for itit so the sting actually brings some accountability to conduct that ought to be accountable. >> kroft: in its own report, global witness includes an opinion from t t legal ethicists, including bill simon of columbia. it says that if attorneys marc

ross had been responding ta real request, their couct would "n"n comply with the professional responsibilities of lawyers." it said the attorneys displayed "a cynical and evasive attitude toward law." the ethicists also noted that the rules are vague, and "we do not expect that all lawyers will agree with us." simon put then-a.b.a. president james silkenat and his partner, hugh finnegan, in a different category, even though they provided advice on how to move questionable funds into the u.s. what makes silkenat different from the other lawyers? >> simon: silkenat was quite clear that he would not assist illegal conduct. and he even indicated at one point that he would report the client if he found the client engaged in illegal conduct. and then, also, silkenat was fafaly clear that he wouou need more information before he agreed to represent the client. >> kroft: on the other hand, he clearly seems interested in this. >> simon: he clearly seems interested and even a little

was jeffrey herrmann, who listened to the pitch, decided it probably involved illegal activity, and ended thmeeting. >> herrmann: this ain't for me. my standards are higher. i'm not interested. >> kayser: do you... do you know anybody who would be able to do so? >> herrmann: i don't think so, and i wouldn't recommend them either anyway. >> kayser: yeah, yeah. >> herrmann: because those persons would be insulted. >> kroft: charmian gooch says the point of global witness' hidden camera investigation was not to target or entrap lawyers for bad behavior. the problem, she says, are lax laws and toothless regulations that make it ridiculously easy for criminals to launder $300 billion a year in the united states. >> gooch: this is real public

how are you going to get that out to them if you can't show them what's happening behind closed doors? >> kroft: you couldn't have done this any other way? >> gooch: i think unless the public and policy makers can really see for themselves what gets said across the desk, across the table in a meeting like this, it's kind of hard to rely believe and take on board. >> kroft: gooch sasa there's a simple solution, but it's been politically impossible to achieve in the united states. just ask carl levin, the longtime chairman of the senate's permanent subcommittee on investigation. until he retired last year, he spent years trying to pass a law that would require the states to collect one additional piece of information from people forming corporations. >> carl l vin: one line-- who'o' the real owner. not who's the agent forming it. not who's the lawyer representing thewner. who is the beneficial owner, the real owner? and it's-it's not at all complicated. >> kroft: but the bill has never made it out of committee,

association. >> kroft: what's the american bar association's objection to this? >> levin: the lawyers are helping form corporations, and they're afraid, i guess, that if you put a damper on the formation of corporations, that you're putting some damper on legal business. >> kroft: the irony is that the white house, the justice department and the u.s. treasury have been among the world's strongest proponents for cracking down on money laundering. yet the u.s. is one of the easiest places in n e world to set up the anonymous companies that facilitate it. >> gooch: it's a heck of a paradox, isn't it? and, you k.ow, i think that the american bar association needs to get behind the nene for regugution, in the way thaha european lawyers have had to do exactly the same. and i think that you know, it... it's... i think the american government needs to answer that question. >> kroft: global witness may have inadvertently gotten a sassy answer to that question from attorney marc koplik its hidden camera video. koplik explained to the

african minister whyhye never worried about government subpoenas. >> koplik: they don't send the lawyers to jail, because we run the country. >> kayser: do you run the country? >> koplik: still do. >> kayser: i love it. >> koplik: still do. >> grant: i should say some lawyers run the country. >> kayser: so, you are... you are some of them? two of them? >> koplik: we're still members of a privileged, privilege class in this country. >> kayser: so, how, what does s mean you run the country? it means you? >> koplik: we make the laws, and when we do so, we make them in a way that is advantageous to the lawyers. >> this is a cbs sports update brought to you by the lincoln motor company. three top-ten teams were in action today in college basketball. number three iowa took care of northwestern at home. number six villanova got a road win against st. johns. and number eight maryland held off ohio state. in the nba, the los angeles

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i i ally wanted to start with a thank you. and i wawa you to know how much it has meant to me, as i've traveled across the state... ...to hear about people's hopes and struggles. and i know that because of that, will be a better president if i am elected. and if you go to the caucus on monday night and stand up for me there... i will work my heart out... to give you and our country the future that we deserer together.

>> alfonsi: one of the most significant efforts to study changes in the climama has been taking place near the top of the world. it's a place called petermann glacier in greenland, one of the largest glaciers in the arctic circle, and a glacier that has experienced dramatic melting. it is a a rsh and dangerous environment, and it has drawn some of the world's leading able to work there a little over a month a year. we wanted to see how that work is proceeding, how they are able to move equipment and people in such a hostile place, and what they've discovered so far, so we went to the top of the world to find out. our journey took us 700 miles above the arctic circle to the u.s.' thule air force base in northern greenland, built at the start of the cold war to watch for soviet misisles.

to curious arctic hares and packs of pre-historic looking muskoxs. from there, we flew even further. the destination-- petermann glacier. it's on the northwest coast of greenland, just a few hundreds miles south of the north pole. to get there in a helicopter took us four hours over a rarely seen landscape that is both severe and serene. the last town we'd see was qaanaaq, with 700 residents and more huskies than people. locked in by ice nine months of the year, villagers have always hunted seal and narwhal to survive. greenland is three times the size of texas, and 80% of it is

more ice than it gains in snowfall e ery year. we saw evidence of the imbalance everywhere-- blue gashes across the ice, rivers of rushing melt water, and the occasional thundedeus crack of icebergs dropping into the sea. we still had 300 miles to go, and stopped twice to refuel along the way. these barrels were left behind for us by the scientists who made the trip to petermann glacier three weeks earlier. this is the ultimate self- service gas station in the middle of nonoere. this will keep us going for how much longer? >> malik jensen: yeah, we can fly two and a half hours. >> alfonsi: our pilots, native greenlanders, kept a rifle nearby at each stop to protect us from polalabears. have you seen polar bears out here? >> jensen: yeah, a lot. so now, it's ready, always safe. >> alfonsi: finally, we arrived

>> ah, there's the camp. >> alfonsi: and spotted the ice camp below. >> alan mix: great to see you. >> alfonsi: so who did you upset to get put out here? >> keith nicholls: i know-w-the gods, the e ds. >> alfonsi: keith nicholls is an expert in drilling in remote places. and in terms of remote, this would be really hard to beat. it feels like you're on another plplet. >> nicholls: take a walk around here and you can be expecting scotty to beam you up. it is extraordinary. >> alfonsi: nicholls and a team of scientists were drawn to this mote sliver of greenland, in part, by these satellite images. in 2010, a chunk of ice four times the size of manhattan broke off. then, two years later, another large chunk camemeown. the glacier has receded by 20 miles in five years. nicholls and his team are trying to drill beneath it.

difficult conditions. what do you hope to learn? >> nicholls: what we're trying to learn is how the oceans are interacting with the ice, how they are melelng it, trying to predict how in the future that melting might change. >> alfonsi: to drill through the ice, they heated melt water from the glacier to make a hot-water drill to pierce through the 300- foot thick ice. there has to be serious challenges to running equipment like this in this kind of weather. >> nicholls: the biggest challenge is that we've gogo water and it's very cold. so, if we have water freezing in hoses, that can be devastating for the project. >> alfonsi: this is the moment the coring machine struck the bottom of the seafloor. a half-mile beneath the ice, they made history. it was the first time anyone has ever collected sediment from beneath the ice shelf in greenland. >> nicholls: the ocean beneath the ice shelves is probably the least accessible part of the

and just getting access to that is a triumph, ankly, as far as we're concerned.d. >> alfonsi: the ice shelf extends out from the glacier and floats on the ocean. they believe it acts like a dam, holding back the ice from sliding into the sea. if it goes away, sea levels go up. is there a sense of urgency in the work that you're doing? >> nicholls: sea level rise is the big... the big question that we're trying to get at. and petermann glacier, this experiment here, gives us an opportunity to get at those processes and try to understand the basic physics as to how that can happen. >> alfonsi: our visit to the ice camp was cut short. our pilots warned us something called "ice fog" was moving in and could strand us here for days. we high-tailed it back to the helicopter, heading to another outpost of the expedition-- what the scientists call "boulder camp," set up on the edge of petermann glacier. shaun marcott and a team of

rocks. >> shaun marcott: so, this was probably deposited when the ice was maybe a few hundred to a few thousand feet thicker, and when it was deposited, you're probably talking about maybe 500, 600 feet of ice above us. >> alfonsi: above where we are right now? >> marcott: above where we are now. peterman would've been much larger, ananit would've been dropping these rocks all over the surface. >> alfonsi: to the person at home who's looking at you guys just chipping away at rocks and going, "why should i care about this?" >> marcott: we know that if you warm the planet up, glaciers respond, they melt.. the question is, at what rate? how fast is that going to happen, and where is it going to happen, and where are the most vulnerable spots in this ice sheet? to understand all of that, you have to understand how the ice shsht... what controls an ice sheet. we need to understand this glacier, so that we can provide a better prediction for the that matters to us because of sea level. if these glaciers can respond dynamically, then we should all be concerned, because that can create dynamic changes in sea level and flood infrastructure.

planning for the future. >> alfonsi: weweamped out next to the scientists. with 24 hours of light, we slept in these tents under the midnight sun. in the morning, we were shuttled out to meet the "oden," a swedish ice breaker making its way around petermann glacier. the "oden" supports the scientists on land and acts as a floating laboratory. named after a norse god who relentlessly sought wisdom, it's home to more than 50 climate scientists from around the world with similar convictions. their work is funded mostly by the swedish government and the u.s.'s national science foundation. larry mayer is one of the geologists on n e "oden". he's using sonar to map the ocean floor, creating the first detailed maps that show how petermann glacier slid into the sea.

of a carart an accident scene. larry mayer: "oh yeah - the ice went here and the ice went there." and we can see it. "oh and it stopped here." >> alfonsi: how much of the world's oceans have been mapped withthhis kind of detail? larry mayer: oh, probably-- on the order of 6% to 7%. >> alfonsi: six-- larry mayer: very, very little. yeah. you can only make the trip to petermann glacier a few weeks each summer when the iceceelts enough to allow passage. >> alan mix: you can see those blocks of ice drifting by. expedition leader alan mix is running g e ships coring operation, trying to g gb sediment from the seafloor. >> alan mix: so gctually, the coring site right now is under that block of ice and we just can't get there.e. so we're trying to drift witit the ice and just sort of sneak up on it gently. it's hard to sneak up on anything in an ice breaker. the oden doesn't so much as sail as it dods smash the ice like a 13,000 ton hammer. once in position they throw

like a dart, at the bottom of the ocean. >> oh, that doesn't sound good. go to the next one but we'll hit it with the gravity core. >> alfonsi: a core sample like this is collected inside the ships lab, the multi-year process of investigating those cores begins. what's your best guess? how old is this? >> anne jennings: sosohe base of this core probably is no more than 10,000 years. anne jennings is with the institute of arctic and alpine research. she says each core holds clues about petermann glacier's past. >>anne jennngs: well we didn't really expect to find things living under the ice shelf but we have. >> alfonsi: what have you found? >> a ae jennings: this one we've found is called cibicidioides wuellferfstorfi. it has a big name for a little bug. >> alfonsi: easy for you to say! it looks like a little seashell. >> anne jennings: and it is a

celled animal. >> alfonsi: that single celled animal, like all livivg creatures, is made out of carbon, allowing scientists to determine when it lived. which tells you what? >> anne jennings: the agagof the sediments. so we can take them the depth scale here and convert it to age. and then we can say, "when did the ice retreat? how quickly did it retreat? was there a lot of melt water coming out? >> alfonsi: you can get all that from what looks like mud? >> alfonsi: after a week in greenland, we headed home but the scientis kept working, taking advantage of the final collececd during their month at sea will be studied by scientists around the world for decades. largest core depository in the world. >> alfonsi: peter demenocal is a university. he says the cores collected in greenland are like a black box this one he collected just south

>> peter dememocal: so this is today's climate ananwe've had warm climate. and then we go ten thousand years in the past - boom, this is when long island wasas formed andndape cod was formed. >> peter demoncal: and you can go on, and you can just find this color. it's filled with these rocks, what we call ice rafted detritus, until this period when - whoa, there's another warm phase. and then another cold phase, and then another warm phase. a short cold phase, a longer warm phase and then - boom, another ice age. and so you've had cold, warm, cold, warm, cold, warm, today. >> alfonsi: how do we know that the warming we're seeing now, how do we not know it's part of this warm, cold, warm, cold? >> peter demenocal: that's a great question. these transitions are gradual. and kind of almost like a tide wave or something. and this transition, when you get to today, goes boom. suddenly very warm. >> alfonsi: demenocal says the cores pulled from petermann

puzzle. how impressive was it that they got to petermann glacier? >> petet demenocal: it's impressive. what's more impressive is that we haven't been there every year and that we're not going-- not doing this every year. we should be doing this-- we should be monitoring this whole system with much greater foc than we are now. >> alfonsi: how quickly have we seen the changes in greenland? >> peter demenocal: the changes that are happening right now as a result of human activities are remarkable. d they're happening g credibly fast and t ty're-- it's not only happening fast but it's accelerating. and it's important to really get our mind around what we're saying there. we're not just saying that climate e the arctic is anging. it's changing at an accelerating rate. so basically it means it's starting to melt but it's melting at a faster and faster clip. so anyone who knows what it's

that's what itit doing. >> for our crews photos of the alien landscape plus for more on walter cronkite goes to greenland -- >> the very top of the world. >> -- go to 60minutesovertime.com correspondents rd by lyrica.moving more helps ease fibromyalgia pain. he also prescribed lyrica. for r me patients, lyrica significantly relieves fibromyalgia pain and improves physical function. with less pain, i feel better. lyrica may cause serious allergic reactions or suicidal thoughts or actions. tell your doctor righthtway if you have these, new or worsening depression or unusual changes in mood or behavior. or swelling, trouble breathing, rash, hives, blisters, muscle pain with fever, tired feeling or blurry vision. common side effectctare dizziness, sleepiness, weight gain and swelling of hands, legs and feet. don't drink alcohol while taking lyrica. don't drive or use machinery until you know how lyrica affects you. thlse who have had a drug or alcohol problem

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