jieng us for the conversation is ucsf infectious disease specialist dr. i want to start with the

vaccine. today the president held that vaccine summit. what did we learn about the pfizer advantage seep in terms of who it protects, how well it protects, any new information? >> i think the bottom take-home point on the bottomline, that's what i was trying to say, of the summit was that the press release from pfizer held up with more scrutiny by the fda and in that vaccine summit meeting, the efficacy was still 90 to 95% but it also appeared that it was kwaefl efficacious in all the video. there was no ditches by race, ethnicity and people who were larger, which sometimes would bear the brunt of covid, mohr bidity and death. there are some doing things, too. >> that's good to hear.

that's just as effective, it seems, for everybody. that's good. one thing i heard was that the pfizer vark seen was pretty effective after the first dose. it's supposed to be a two-dose treatment but even after one you get 70%. my question is could we skip the second and stretch the supply to cover twice as many people? >> that's a great question. i think in some of the vaccine, strategies in like hpv, people have studied whether one dose or two doses instead of three would be better and would be cheaper. the problem with covid is we don't know who the that 25% would be and there will be -- the time the second group gets it. you kind of want to get

everybody as high up the immune proposal as quickly as possible. that's kind of like the thinking why for right now we're not going to recommend all skipping the second dose. we don't know how long that lasts and also, you know, we need to rule out the fact very slowly. >> ian has a question. she's wondering about the side effects of the vaccine. >> we know it's going to be more people getting the symptoms you'd get after a flu shot. the second point about that is it's not live virus, not like you're getting covid, you got the shot and then you got diagnosed after the shot. you're not going to get covid

headache, muscles, pains. some people will get a fever, those things of things that go away and they're more common after the second shot, not after the first one. >> huh. those are the typical side effects to getting a vaccination. >> yes. >> this question, is it true that the trump administration didn't buy enough. i think she's referring to a one million doses and the administration passed on that. i think the biden incoming administration said that was true as well. ok. so that happened. what does that mean for us now? does that mean we won't get enough until a later date or don't even worry because we have other vaccines in the worse? >> i think it's a little bit of both. i wish they haven't -- astrazeneca is number three in line, had been delayed in the

u.s. because to look at the can data after somebody had a neurologic problem in england, so that delayed vaccine company number three. it's going on right now. meaning that, you know, we could have probably gotten that faster if they had had supports to get the additional doses, which was by other countries, by the way. there are other vaccines apart from as tra jen ka. one requires one shot. merck has one. speaking of other companies, here's a question. how is it that great britain is vaccinating and we are not. that's right. they became the first to inoculate people who are not in a clinical trial. >> they got criticized a little

bit and it was retracted. the eu and uk are at odds a little bit now. the reason they got there faster is because they looked just at the data that pfizer released early on without more intense scrutiny that the fda is doing currently with this vaccine summit today. they didn't have info that it had -- there was no effect by sex, gender, race, ethnicity, aim group, they just saw the overall data that we saw. proved it on that basis. you can't fault them. i didn't think it was going to change dramatically when more people looked at it. at that point a lot of people looked at it. that at least answers the question are we going to rush it or are we being thorough. >> very thorough. >> the fda did make some

progress today, right? what did they do to push it forward? >> they basically keyed up the process with the advisory board so that the meeting on thursday could be more standardized, so they reviewed the data, made sure it was good, there were a hundred pages of data released by pfizer to address not only efficacy but safety in particular. >> when will we see the first shots? next week, you think? >> probably next week. the process is big meeting on thursday. they have to issue this kind of edict called the official words are authorization. until hospitals have that edict, you can't legally give the shot. i would say monday, although shipping would happen hours after the approval. >> ok. bremda has the question. will people who have already had covid still need the vaccine? >> that's a great, great

question. the current thinking and this might change if -- you know, if the vaccine gets scarce that people who have covid should also get the advantage seep. it's not dangerous. it comes back to the whole idea of we're not sure how long the immunity would last after natural infection and after one shot instead of two. so the least immunity we think will be after natural infection. the next best will be after one shot and the best kind of like supreme order at the place would be two shots. >> how often do you think we need to retake the vaccine? we've got a long way before we get there. will it become yearly like a flu shot, you think, or once and you're done? >> the flu shot is yearly bays

the flu is much wileyer than covid right now, even though covid is on the news right now. we have to do different version and guess what it is. covid is code. just saying big blob. it doesn't change a lot. we think the reason to get a shot would not be ok to get a change. so far for most people we think that it will last for a few years, actually, after you get the second shot. maybe if you're compromised you may need to get it more frequently. we're not sure yet. but the 45,000 people ahead of us will be helping us, be drawing data and looking at the antibodies. >> all right. don't go away. we'll take a short break on the

already. welcome back. we're here with dr. hong more question. the president issued an executive order to prioritize shipments of u.s.-made vaccines to americans before other nations. is that enforceable, as in could we say sorry, pfizer, we know you committed your doses to other countries but that's not going to happen because you have it here. >> i don't think you can do it. they made the decision long time ago. it's like you have two loaves and you sold them both. you went to the bakery and they don't have any bread left. you can't make the bread in

time. it's already committed. >> if you get the advantage seep, do you think the evidence shows that then you could not spread it? you may not sick but could you still get sick or not? >> that is the million dollars question where we don't know yet if the people got the vaccine can't be receptors. covid lands on you but your body's protected but you can be a vector and send it to somebody else. that is not nope yet. that is why unfortunately until everybody gets vaccinated we're not confident and we can't pass it on. that's why everybody has to continue wearing masks, unfortunately. >> even though you get the vaccine, you still need that mask. >> you want to protect others. >> is the advantage seep made with eggs like the new shot because many people have an allergy to consider there. >> i believe that there recent

vaccine without eggs, but i have to look into that. that's something to definitely check with your doctor about. >> how many people need to be vaccinated before life can go back to normal? >> we need about 70%, so we were talking about that and -- today and i know this is going to be a hard pill to swallow but i'm not sure life will get back to normal that soon. first of all, there's a vaccine rollout time but there's how many people actually agreed to get the advantage seep even if they offered it. right now we're hovering at about 60% acceptance of americans. it's a big step up from 50, but we need to get up to 70%. >> a certain percentage has the antibodies because they had it. >> yeah. >> i want to address this a little more. for people looking at herd

immunity, let people go about their lives, let them get sick and recover, is there any new example from perhaps another country that would suggest whether that works well or not. >> the biggest, most dramatic example is in sweden. sweden made a complete u-turn. back in the day sweden had a natural policy where every could do what you wanted to and you had your own personal -- you know, you determine your own risk strategy. and what happened, numbers kept on rising is that meet a complete u-turn and now they're imposing restrictions just like everybody eliminates, because it didn't work. you can't get the level of herd immunity and there's like 7,000 death in sweden and denmark has a few hundred. >> that's a big difference. i want to address what's

happening in california. there were 23,000 -- over 23,000 new cases yesterday. that's close to a one-day record. how close are we at this point to the tipping point, if you will? >> i think we're going to reach there in a couple of i was talking to some people today and they were saying in a huge community, they only had like six beds left in the icu and there were people in the emergency room in a nonsecure area on ventilators awaiting beds. that's what's happening in the central valley. in the bay area, we're a little bit better. that's why i'm hoping that doing the restrictions ahead of reaching that 15% capacity might make a difference, but again

because we share beds in the state, one reason issue ultimately affects the other region. >> we have close 25% capacity. you're saying we can start to get inl take, patients from other regions. >> yeah. just like what happens with imperial. >> ok. that's what you have to do. >> that's what we do. we help everyone. >> that's why you have to look at the statewide big picture. right. have we started seeing the full effects of thanksgiving travel yet? >> i think we're at the beginning of seeing that effect, which is frightening, because the projections being reached by -- the bay area, for example, was before thanksgiving, accounting for thanksgiving, so it's going to add another layer on top of that and get us there faster, unless the silver lining is again, restrictions do work. we look at france. we're hoping that it works.

>> hoping but you think it's possible that it's possible and likely that we haven't peaked yet. >> right. >> half the bay area counties went ahead anyway. that includes banning outdoor dining, banning outdoor playgrounds for kids and making it harder for schools to reopen. do you think the data backs these types of restrictions, these particular ones. >> so there's actually data that's opening schools in the face of a huge surge, doesn't make difference. in fact, you can get over -- most recently handled by france. again, they're very successful. they close down everything and it worked. there are less of outdoor dining and retransmission. i understand why they might want to do it, just keep people away from each other, and then the

household thing again is just trying to be crude but again it's sometimes a hard pill to swallow. so i think, you know, it's tough. tough times. as the mayor elliott said, i think drastic measures for drastic times. we are kind of at drastic times. >> we are. but with regard to outdoor playgrounds, there's a lot of pushback in san francisco are from people that you would consider very rule abiding and cautious. there's a huge equity component here, too. >> not tomorrow in playgrounds but in schools for sure, and possibly driving more people indoors. i think those are all the concerns brought up by some of those restrictions. >> all right. so sometimes these restrictions have unintended consequences.

it seems like we need to study them more and weigh the risks and benefits. >> and communicate about them better. >> all right. absolutely. dr. hoppinng, thank you so much. >> check in with us. >> thank you. >> coming up next, the state of the for members like martin. an air force veteran made of doing what's right, not what's easy. so when a hailstorm hit,

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welcome back. celebrating and preserving our arts and culture look at this week to see how these cultural institutions are holding up and how you can help them out. we're talking about the space and science center in oakland. with us is liz osterman. liz, welcome. i've been to shah beau. i love it. my kids do. everything is so hands on. so given how hands-on you are,

how can people still participate during the shut oun. >> we opened our doors virtually, you know, to our community, not only locally but internationally. the study astronaut, lawrence liver moore, to bring science, which is more important than ever to kids across the bay area and beyond, so there's local telescope viewing on line every saturday night at 9:00 p.m. we're continuing that virtual viewing, even though the telescope deck is closed physically at the moment. >> are there things that you had to pay for but are free now virtually? >> yeah. we did a lot of ticketed programming. we did an october spooky

science. we have presentations. we're coming up on a huge array of s.t.e.m. programming. we're offering free and low cost virtual field trips to oakland schools and we've been distributing over 400 s.t.e.m. kids to libraries and the boys and girls club. >> please share the story with us. this is so cool. about the balloon drop. >> one of the oldest traditions, balloon drop, we've done it every year on the 31st for kids who can't stay up till midnight. because of last year, we had a family reach out to us and we're asking for memories. we're doing it online this year on the 31st. we had a number reach out to her and say sick. they recreated it in the living room of their house and dropped

balloons just like we do. we're going to do it virtually and keep the magic going. super excited. one of the m. >> it's delightful. they can toast the new year. it's good stuff. can people also get married under the stars right now? >> yes. we are taking bookings for 2021. we've been offering micro ceremonies, covid safe in an outdoor setting. we still are able to do rentals and still have those magical moments in a covid safe way. >> that is so special, a truly unique experience. basically, all the cool stuff you have when you go to the space center, you can build your own roadwork, that experience is pretty much on your website

virtually. >> absolutely. we have a free research called learning launch pad where we have activities. there's hands on and engaging things people can follow along with online. there are science demonstrations. everything is built to be interactive as much as possible. the live conversation, even if you're batching. our astronomers and scientists, you can have questions and answers with them live. that's been really special for them to have those conversations. we see a lot of six, seven, eight-year-olds. they're happy to answer. we're providing that connection that's so important and we're keeping that alive for our families during this time. >> we have about 30 seconds left. i want to ask you how can people help you right now? it still costs money, membership drive not what it used to be with it being closed physically.

what can people do to help? >> right now until the 31st, we're doing a teacher membership drive. to support bay area teachers, you buy a membership and we donate a subscription to a teacher. check out our events and participate and enjoy and learn with us. >> all right, liz, from the science cent

and we're back. thank you for joining us on this interactive show "getting answers." today we answered your questions in real time.

dr. hong said we're likely in the early part of the thanks tonight, several developing stories as we come on the air. history made tonight. the first vaccine shots given for the coronavirus. a 90-year-old grandmother in britain becoming the first person in the world to receive the newly approved pfizer vaccine. the first wave of 800,000 shots tonight. the uk declaring this v-day. and tonight, the news right here in the u.s. the fda now out with a 53-page report on the pfizer vaccine. with that crucial vote here for emergency use thursday. and what the fda report reveals about how effective it is after the two shots. across the country tonight, hospitals on the brink. more than 15,000 deaths in just the last week. the deadliest week since the pandemic began. new restrictions from massachusetts to california, where they sent emergency alerts