aners come alive chanr, who live in wherever you stream. we ask experts your questions to get answers for you in real time. today, we will talk to the bay area dr. who may have found the root cause of long coded.

what this means and what happens next. san mateo county is about to require masks inside county buildings. what this means for the rest of the bay area. as you can guess, vaok live questions and now. crobiology animnology ofessor ad spam i think u,paem me uacould the vaccinated care? i'm not asking the set of cruelty or indifference, but because a lot of people who are vaccinated in the bay area especially are wondering. >> they are a whole bunch of reasons why the vaccinated should care. the vaccine is remarkably effective at 95% efficacy but that means if someone who is vaccinated was exposed to an infected individual, there is a one in 20 chance there might be get infected. there still a risk, even though the vaccine is really good. the other reason is, we want to

keep our friends and relatives save, so the higher level of vaccination, the more that helps everybody else having more people vaccinated and fewer people transmitting the disease, the likelihood of getting new variants decreases. >> there was a lot there you just gave us to dissect. i want to start with the one in 20, in breakthrough cases, you can still get covid- 19 if you got the vaccination. out of the percent, based on what we see, would need hospitalizations? >> even if you get infected, the chance you will get symptoms is low, and if you do develop symptoms, they are more likely to be mild. because so many people are vaccinated and since there is some so much virus circling,

there are a number of cases where people have gotten seriously ill or have passed away. it is very unlikely, you are much better off if you want to stack the deck in your favor, you want to get vaccinated. >> that protection rate is what we heard before, i remember when pfizer and moderna came out. but now we have more transitional bloedel topic is at the same percentage still? >> we don't have great data on the percentage, but it appears the vaccine works against the delta variant as well. there is some question on if it might be somewhat less effective against the delta variant, the main vaccines we are using in the u.s. seems to work well against delta. i think the two risk factors, even more than the possibility that delta is more contagious to vaccinated individuals, is the fact that the prevalence goes up, the risk goes up and

as people's behavior sort of goes back to pre-pandemic behavior, the risk also goes up. the viruses timed to transform into something else and you may eventually get a variance of dangerous that the vaccines can't defend us very well against it, is that the fear? >> that is a huge concern, that is one of our biggest concerns. if more and more people are vaccinated and the new variant occurs that can spread among vaccinated individuals, that is the variant that will dominate the population and start to spread. we want to bring down the prevalence well enough that such a variant is unlikely to arise. >> let's talk about the vaccines, we have of you are asking on facebook, when you think kids under 12 can have their vaccine? >> excellent question, i am eager to see the vaccine

available for young children. they are clinical trials running, they indicate basically that the vaccine works for children and that it is safe for children, so really , this is a question for when will the fda look at the data and decide? the first thing that will happen, they will issue an emergency use authorization for younger children. >> is that possible on the phone, you expected in the fall maybe? late fall? >> possible in the late fall, not in the next couple of months but it is possible. they are running the child now, there've been a couple publications that talks about how well it works in kids. >> we talked about the vaccines being effective against the delta variant but tony has a good question, how effective is the johnson & johnson in particular effective against delta? we know the cdc is having a meeting about the j&j vaccine need a booster of a different

type, mrna technology, which is different. what do we know about that? >> so, my sense of what is of j about one s that do pfizer or moderna. all three of the vaccines use the same spike protein to stimulate the immune system. it's a modified spike program that is a very good vaccine. basically, if we want to boost the level of j&j up to the level of pfizer or moderna, we need some kind of booster. it could be, you know, a lot of this is business policy and fda policy, but essentially, it could be any one of those vaccines. in fact, i am hopeful that in the near future, there will be another vaccine, the nova vax

vaccine, which might serve as a very good rooster for any of these other vaccines. >> interesting. okay, you are not thinking it's necessarily something about the technology or the j&j vaccine, but simply pfizer and moderna came out as a two shot dose whereas johnson & johnson is one. regardless, as the cdc looks at this and decides whether they want to recommend people get a booster, do you think eventually it should be something for everybody or maybe just the immunocompromised? >> first of all, it's difficult to predict the future. i think it is likely that if variants continue to rise, that we are going to want boosters to boost our immune system or to target the response march of the variance. there have also been published studies looking at the effect of either a third dose or a third dose with essentially a delta, a vaccine that is modified to target the delta

variant. both of those have shown very promising results. i'm a little bit more concerned about jane day because of the single-dose. i think the solution would be a booster of any of the vaccines. i look at the data, it's not j&j itself, you stimulate the immune system but you did not boost the immune >> i think there is a small study, and i always look at the sample size, but didn't show only 40% of vacancy or something like that against delta? >> i have not seen that study, that would be interesting, but i think the answer there would be to provide a booster or to do the study and see what happens with two doses. >> is there a risk? if not, why not just jump on it, why go through the hoops and taking so long to decide this? >> excellent question. the reason the vaccines are

given as they are is because the company set up a clinical trial with a series of rules and those rules, they don't bend the rules, and then they get the data back you may analyze whether or not the vaccine was effective. we want to not make up the rules as we go along, we want to test to make sure that the vaccines work under these different conditions. logic will tell us that we can go ahead, but we really want the data. we don't want to rely entirely on logic, we went to find out that maybe it is something about johnson & johnson, so we want to actually get data on that. >> melissa coates here has a good question, which a lot of people are wondering too should fully vaccinated people wear masks? here in the bay area, that is exactly what the public health officers are recommending, not yet mandating but what do you

think? these are all excellent questions and they are all things we want to know. my response to that is a lot of this depends on common sense. because vaccinated individuals are still at some risk, if they are in positions where they are under conditions where they might be exposed to someone who is contagious, so they don't know the status of somebody and they will have a close contact with them, i personally wear a mask under those conditions. again, depends on whether i'm inside or outside, depends on whether i will have close contact, it depends on whether i know if everyone in the room is vaccinated or not, but it would be prudent for vaccinated individuals who are face-to- face with somebody's status they don't know how to where a mask or get my room between the person. just having a vaccine, you know, does not entirely protect you, but it is the best

protection we have. the things that work before the behavioral interventions, they were too. >> it looks like california kids will have to mask up once school starts on the fall. some parents are unhappy about that. i know one palo alto filed a lawsuit because they wanted his son to wear a mask or be kicked out in summer school and he was not happy. do you think masking up in school is necessary? we should break this into two groups. you have middle schools and high schools, my kids school is 80% vaccinated whereas the grade schools, the kids haven't yet. >> this is one of the most difficult challenges we have faced throughout the entire pandemic because kids don't typically get very ill. they don't typically transmit it, but on the other hand, there is a possibility they can get infected and there's a low chance they can spread it and get symptoms that are potentially dangerous like the mis the syndrome.

so it depends on whether how closely the kids are interacting, but there is not a set answer for this, basically. it is going to come down to different districts the rus, you would still have kids wear masks. >> direct, great information there. thank you so very much i will get to talk to you very soon. take care. coming up, keep your

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unnecessarily. with regard to the shutdown, i

don't think most people are in a position to handle another shut down. welcome back, we first learned about long covid-19 last summer when people started reporting symptoms even after recovering from acute covid-19. now, a virologist appears to have discovered the root cause which can lead to better treatment. dr. bruce patterson was featured earlier this week, his the former head of the of urology lab in current ceo of in sal dx and dr. patterson was kind enough to make time for a conversation with us today. thanks for joining us. >> thank you, it is a pleasure. >> this is an important topic. what is the range of long-haul symptoms we have seen? >> i mean, the range is extensive. something on the order of 200+ symptoms and of those, there is probably 30 major symptoms, such as brain fog, fatigue, shortness of breath that

afflicts the majority of long covid-19 patients. >> what percentage of people who have had covid-19 get long- term symptoms? that's the incredible thing, the first estimates were 10%, then 10 to 30% and there are some reports even now that may be as high as 70% of every patient who has covid-19, will eventually develop covid-19 symptoms. >> what was that? potentially as high as 70%. >> i wanted to make sure i heard that because that is a frightening number. any commonality are links to people developing long-haul, anything in their health condition either genes? >> there really is an and there really isn't any link to the status or severity acute covid- 19 picture. so, what we did, as we used machine learning and artificial intelligence to look at their

immune profile and we really found that it is a completely different and then acute covid-19 and that is what started us on our path to looking for the cause of long covid-19. >> so what is the cause? >> in a paper we published a couple of weeks ago, the follow- up we just submitted, finding not long covid-19 is a vascular information disease. and the reason why i think that is such an important finding as obviously, it is ubiquitous in the body in the and something that can account for this huge range of symptoms and all of these patients. then, of course, the follow-up, the big question was why is there vascular inflammation? that's when we found the specialized white blood cells that travel all over the body, including going through the blood brain barrier that have a

propensity to bind to the blood vessels and cause inflammation. these cells are called carrying covid 15 months after initial infection but they don't have any virus but is capable of replication. >> how do you tackle that then? if you know that is the cause, what is the treatment? >> we started treatment through our covid-19 treatment plan in the fall at www.covid long haulers.com. and what we wanted to do was treat the symptoms. there is a lot of places that are trying to use steroids and anti-inflammatories and other approaches to treat the variety of different symptoms, but at the end of the day, we wanted to a, keep the cells from mobilizing all over the body using ccr five antagonists,

which keep immune cells from basically moving all over the body statins, which we commonly use for cholesterol to keep these cells from binding to the blood vessels and causing inflammation. that has been >> how long do you think people might need to be treated before it works? the great thing is, we have seen people get better in 3 to 5 days, but typically, and 4 to 6 weeks, we restore their any knowledge abnormalities back to normal, and with the symptoms seem to resolve that accompanied the abnormalities. >> k, i had a question, i was going to ask you if there is any data about vaccinated people who get covid-19, do

they have fewer long-haul symptoms or are they less likely to get them? i saw vivian, her comment was her girlfriend had covid-19 on the first dose actually lifted some of her symptoms, so talk about that, does the vaccine help? >> there were a lot of reports in the media a few months about about the vaccine helping, and our experience with over 6500 long haulers that are part of our program, the majority did not get better with the vaccine and the ones who felt better, felt better for a week and then went back to having the symptoms they had prior to the vaccine. i don't think the vaccine is the answer to long collar symptoms but what we are seeing now is patients getting the vaccine who never had covid-19 who are actually getting long covid-19 symptoms three, four months after vaccination. there are two completely different angles to the vaccine issue with long coded.

>> that sounds like a topic for another conversation, i do appreciate your time today, take care. >> like that, thank you. we saw most

county will start requiring face coverings inside all county buildings beginning monday, regardless of vaccination status. it is another sign that the delta variant is forcing changes once again to our reopening. joining us to talk about this is the president of board of supervisors, david can about. great to have you. >> thank you so much. >> i would like to ask you for the details of this new order in the places where it applies. >> effective monday on an all

county building, whether you are vaccinated or not, we are requiring people who are going to the county centers or facilities, whether that is paying property taxes, whether it's you going for planning. whatever it is, you will have to wear a mask and our employees, on the other side, will have to wear masks as well. so, whether you are vaccinated or not, and that is because of the rising cases we have seen. over the last two weeks, we have almost doubled in our cases, hospitalizations are just slightly up, but this is not just a san mateo county issue. look at what is happening throughout the region, look what is happening in l.a. county, and this delta variant, as your two previous guests alluded to have really impacted us greatly. on june 15th, we have the state reopening, and to see this

setback happen as a policymaker is discouraging. >> i can totally see that, i wonder this rule, is there a fine will they just be denied entry to the county buildings? we are going to try to avoid that at any cost. no one is going to get arrested. we are not going to have the mask police at the county office, but what we are going to do is make sure we educate, we do it in the right way, using platforms such as yourself, puts us in a position to get the word out. >> does the county have the power to make the requirement not only for county buildings countywide, including businesses? >> look, look at l.a. county, they have the authority to do it and they mandate it. we have the authority to do that. we are all driven by science

and data. so, if those numbers continue to increase at an astronomical rate, we are going to have to revisit that in other solutions. remember, the governors made it very clear. there will be no mask mandate for the state and no vaccine passport. he said that yesterday. we have been following guidance from the state. we will continue to, but if there is a need and our health officer, as well as the board of supervisors, we look at that and we have to do that. we will do that, but we really have to recognize all impacts from taking such an action. >> have you talk to other counties to see if they might perhaps do this as well? >> you heard what other counties did today, santa clara, san francisco as well as contra costa . they are encouraging their employers, encouraging businesses. >> encouraging their

to vaccinate? thank you for the clarification, yes, exactly. i don't think we are there yet but we are monitoring the situation. remember, what they have done, it is a recommendation. it is not a mandate. so, we are looking at all the tools in the proverbial toolbelt, but it is disappointing to see whether numbers are now, and hopefully there's a way to manage that. in san mateo county,

game. i will talk to you soon, take care. >> thank you paragonah, bye-byb.

we covered every covid topic you can think of tonight, the surge in new covid cases across lea states.dc director out the wood and president biden late today we ask him whether the mask guidance will change in this country for millions of americans for schoolchildren, as well. what the president just said. the country averaging more than 37,000 new cases a day. the cdc director, dr. rochelle walensky calling this, a quote, pivotal moment. tonight los angeles reporting 20 times the number of new cases from just a month ago. the headlines in philadelphia and in houston on masks. and the cdc advisory panel tonight now studying possible booster shots and who might need them first. whit johnson standing by. also tonight, major concerns about the virus on the eve of