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shows are concerned about the low uptake for the new covid boosters, but a psychology professor at a bay area university thinks he's found a way to inspire people to roll up their sleeves. but first, the global trade summit called apec is coming to town in just five days. it will impact every single one of us from traffic to security to the impact from the deals made at the summit. thanks for joining us. you're watching getting answers. i'm kristen sze . san francisco is putting the finishing touches on the city before the apec summit kicks off on november 11th. from decorating bus shelters to setting up security at the moscone center, the clock is ticking before the leaders of 23 member economies convenes annual summit. last held in the us back in 2011. despite its importance, many locals know little about apec. its mission and impact. so joining us live now to give us some important background is vinnie agarwal,

political science professor and director of the berkeley apec study center. thank you so much, professor agarwal. thank you for having me. >> appreciate it. >> so we want to know more about it because a lot of people actually they're hearing apec, but they don't know what it is. so, first of all, what does it stand for and what does it do? >> so apec stands for asia-pacific economic cooperation, and it's a forum that was set up in 1989. it started with 12 members and it is increased to 21 member economies. they are called member economies because hong kong comma china and chinese, taipei or taiwan are members of this agreement. so this is a very important agreement because it's been the it spawned a number of trade agreements such as the trans-pacific partnership, the tpp, which the united states was negotiating. in some ways it's also spanned the regional comprehensive economic partnership, which has been led by china, japan and other countries. in addition, has expanded to include other issues. women's right, the environment, energy issues and

some security issues. >> a lot of the issues that we care a lot about here in california. right. real quickly, just your group, berkeley, apec's study center, what does it do? >> well, we study apec actually. we were set up as one of the official apec study centers back in 1998. and we work together with other apec's study centers across the region. and in fact, next week we're going to be hosting at berkeley, the apex study centers study centers meeting. on november, the 15th, where we'll have japanese ministers speaking. so we tend to study what's important about apec. what can apec do? where should we go from here? that's our goal as an institute, as a center at berkeley. >> i see. all right. and we saw that map that we showed our viewers right? when people hear asia pacific, they tend to think just asian countries. but that's actually a misconception about who's involved, right? that's correct. >> in fact, the united states was very adamant that this agreement, when it was being negotiated, australia was very instrumental in japan. and we

said we need to be part of this because we view the economy to be one integrated economy. that includes us, mexico and canada, the united states, chile and peru, and not just asian countries. there are asian alone agreements like the regional comprehensive economic partnership, but we in apec wanted to have an agreement that would include all sorts of countries on both sides of the pacific, because the pacific region is one of the most dynamic in the world and continues to be so right. >> and there are also nations like russia there and china both of which are in some ways many ways perhaps rivals to the us. right. and there's also certainly been a lot of political tension between the us and those two particular nations for different reasons. talk about given that, how could they cooperate and why is that cooperation very important? well i think this is what you pointed out is very important. >> this is the one forum where you have countries like russia and china and the united states. and we've had tensions with both of those countries. but it's a forum in which leaders meet

every year and president putin is not coming this year, but has come in the past and think it's very important to have a forum which in which leaders can meet and they're guaranteed to meet every year in some sense. and typically, the american president has gone to almost every one of the meetings. there have been some exceptions for political reasons, domestic political reasons. so the fact that the president's head of states of all these countries are meeting uh- of these economies are meeting is a really important and helps promote dialog between the united states. china maybe russia and others, because it's a forum for discussion. it's not a decision making body. >> you saw some video of president biden and president chinese president xi jinping. they will meet at this particular summit. it was just announced that. so all eyes will be on them. can you talk about what are some of the areas in which you can see deals being cut and announcement being made and how that might impact us here in the bay area in california, in terms of the trade as being a port and having a lot of investments, both

silicon valley companies and china and chinese companies investing here. talk about how that trickles down to all of us. >> well, i'm not sure there will be a specific deal, but as you know, there's been a lot of tension between the united states and china. we've been struggling over semiconductors, high technology exports and the like. and this is something that andrew ready and i have called new economic statecraft, which affects trade. it affects finance, it invests, affects investment. i think if we are able to smooth out the relationship with china and other member economies in apec, it will be very good for the global economy. it will be very good for san francisco. as you know, we're very dominant in high technology industries from ai to quantum to semiconductors and software. and so i think this is a very important effort on the part of the members to actually get together and try to resolve some of these issues. >> yeah. and of course, sustainable city, right? i imagine there's a lot of technology related to environmental issues that there could be a lot of important talks on. okay i want to ask

you, this is the biggest i think , gathering of international leaders here in san francisco since the 1940s. talk about what that means for the city, the security aspect and all that. i mean, look at some of the vips who will be in town. >> yeah, well, i think it's very important that this is a showcase for san francisco. and i you know, as a long term resident in the bay area, i am excited about this meeting. i think we'll do a good job. i think san francisco has gotten some negative press and i think this will give us good press, that we're going to be doing well. i think the security situation will be well handled. we have plenty of security agencies that can deal with these issues. and i think what we really need to do is put our best foot forward and show that we really care about asia-pacific trade and investment. and i think this will be the forum in which we can do that very successfully. >> and i understand about 30,000 visitors will be in town for the summit, not to mention, i think a couple thousand journalists right from all over the world. how important is that that the city puts its best foot forward

given that and given some of our current struggles right now with regard to visitors, tourism, things like that? >> well, san francisco's always been probably the most visited city in the world. and i think it's good that people are coming to san francisco seeing that it's not only about fentanyl and the homelessness. of course, we have those problems that need to be resolved, but we're also major city in global trade. the global economy, and san francisco's all support. oakland nearby is also very important port. we really care about trade investment. we do have a lot of trade with the asia-pacific, whether it's japan or china, malaysia to singapore. and we need to continue to trade with those countries and other members of apec. and i think this is going to put our best foot forward in showing that we really do care about these issues and that san francisco really is the pacific hub. and i am glad that we're doing it in san francisco and we're very excited to be part of that. >> yeah, i mean, there's definitely excitement, although i know there are worries over traffic. nightmare possibly, right? we reported on the bay

bridge having lane closures on november 14th through 17th when the world leaders are here and of course, the city streets around the perimeter of the moscone, all that will be closed . so there are some temporary inconvenience, aces. but when you look at the long run, right, talk about just in terms of the not just the dollars, but really what else we can gain from it. >> well, i think it's very important to show showcase california and showcase the san francisco in particular. and it's not just about dollars. it's about showing that this is a cultural hub as well. we're an innovation hub in terms of ai and energy and green. and so showing that we really care about the global economy is very important for san francisco. and the united states has demonstrated some protectionism over the last few years, starting with president trump. and we want to show that we're really open to trade and investment and we care about people. we want to make sure that there's adjustment, that people are able to find new jobs and that san francisco is promoting new jobs in different

new high technology industries and we're very successful at that. and i think that's what we're able to showcase. so it's not just about dollars that will come from hotels and things like that which are important, but i think it's the broader context of asia-pacific economic cooperation that we're thinking about. i see and i know you've been studying apec. >> when did it begin? and i guess since its inception till now, have you been able to either quantify or really put your finger on the impact and the positive benefits from it? >> apex started in 1989, and most studies show that apec was very helpful in promoting liberalization of trade. and i think the fact that, as i mentioned, apex spawned tpp and rcep, those have also been very important institutions in actually having trade liberalization and just express some of our concerns that the apec study center, we think the fact that the united states withdrew from the trans-pacific partnership is not a member of the regional comprehensive economic partnership and we are not really negotiating with the eu is actually negative for san francisco, for california and

the united states. so we do hope that the biden administration and in the other administrations in the future will take into account that we really need to have these global trade arrangements that set the rules, that set the standards, and that really help california do business. >> professor vinny agarwal from berkeley's apec study center, thank you so much for giving us that very important context. before the apec summit kicks off. appreciate it. >> thank you. thank you for having me. i appreciate it. >> another year, another covid vaccine. how can we overcome covid fatigue and encourage people to get vaccinated this year? a bay area psychologist has an interesting theory. we'll have that [deep exhale] [trumpet music plays] 579 breaths to show 'em your stuff. every breath matters. don't like rsv take your breath away. protect yourself from rsv... ...with abrysvo, pfizer's rsv vaccine.

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when it comes to covid nearly 40% of adults say they don't plan to get the new booster. only 7 million americans have gotten the new shot so far. how can we overcome this covid fatigue if that's what it is? joining us live now is dr. benjamin rosenberg, assistant professor of psychology at dominican university of california in san rafael and director of the mental motivation health and motivation lab. thank you so much, professor rosenberg. good to see you. >> good to see you. thanks so much for having me. i thought it was really interesting that article you wrote in scientific american. >> why is the uptake so low? is it covid fatigue? is it something else? >> i mean, certainly covid fatigue is part of it. certainly, there's misinformation and disinformation still happening, as there has been throughout this whole pandemic, but even more so from my perspective. i'd say it's motivational and

psychological. people have moved on. society has moved on, and getting people's attention at this point, getting them focus on something that many of us are actively avoiding, thinking about is really hard. and the other thing i would say is the logistics of the rollout of the vaccine have been notably terrible. people have been having trouble getting the shots even when they want to. even though the cdc actually did a really good job making the recommendation clear. right. they said anybody over six months old with a couple small qualifications about recently having had covid should get it. the rollout still was quite bad. and so i think it's a combination of those things. >> so before i ask you, what is the solution, i think since it's psychology based, people need to understand a term you're using, and that is passive positives. who are passive positives and what role do they play in getting more people vaccinated? >> yeah, that's a great question. so passive positives are folks who generally feel

good about something they approve of, something like getting a covid shot, but they're not actively seeking it out. they're not motivated necessarily to enact what we think they should enact. so, for example, with the covid shot in mind specifically, there are people who probably gotten one or multiple shots in the past. they generally approve of vaccination or they think it's a good thing. they might be a little bit ambivalent about getting another shot. so perhaps the shots, given these side effects in the past, they don't want that to happen again. they don't want to miss work and they're just not likely to expend a ton of effort going out to get the new shot. right. so they're somewhere in this. i feel good about it. and know it's a good thing to do. i've done it in the past, but they're not actively seeking it out. they're not actively seeking information about it. >> so are those the people you also consider the persuadables? and if so, how do you persuade them? >> i would say so. i mean, in a lot of ways, as a health campaign designer, i the first part of winning the battle is to

get somebody to approve of something, to get them to think it's a good idea. and in that way, with these passive positives, we've already done them right? like they've gotten the shot. we know they generally feel good about it. so we're estimating kind of back of the envelope. this is maybe 30 or 40% of the eligible population that are these passive positives and in this way they are the persuadable right. these are the folks that i think we should be going after. so pagan from some research that was originally conducted in persuading people to sign up to become organ donors, which has a similar issue with passive positives. my colleagues and i thought that we could apply this to the issue of getting these passive positives to sign up, to get the new covid shot. so there's four. sorry, go ahead. yes the 50. >> yeah, we got the graphic for 50. >> yeah, 50. so it's funny. it's actually technically called the i f, but 50 is better and it's more direct. it's more direct. the order that things actually need to occur. so 50 yeah, four

things. favorable activation. we want to remind people that they feel good about getting a vaccine if they have good feelings about it, it's going to allow them to feel a little bit safer. ideally protect them from severe illness and protect them from hospitals. zation a lot of folks might not be thinking about those good things, right? they may instead thinking about the negatives, the side effects of the vaccine. we also want to remind folks that they are eligible early on in the pandemic. there's a lot of confusion about who is eligible for various different shots. so it's pretty clear now, right? just about anybody over six months is eligible to get a shot. and we want to remind people of this. i think the cdc said it sort of initially, but there hasn't been much talk about it since then. we also want to ensure that people are are this focused engagement, the second f, we want to ensure that there reminded regularly about the fact that they're eligible for a vaccine. so this could occur at unrelated doctor visits or visit to the pharmacy or in a conversation with family. just just a reminder, hey, you might still consider getting this shot

right? just so it's on a bit more on the top of their mind than it might be otherwise. and then perhaps most importantly, we want to provide an immediate and complete opportunity for people to get the shot. ideally right then and there. so motivation often tends to be fleeting, and especially among this group of passive positives, who again, are somewhat ambivalent about getting this new shot. we want to ensure that we take advantage of that fleeting moment of motivation by offering them a shot right at the moment that they become interested. and i should note also that these four things, ideally would take place all at the same time. simultaneously with these four things need to be present in order for it to be the most accessible. right? >> so it sounds like doctor's offices, pharmacies need to be a part of this fifi action. really interesting stuff. and i understand you are now incorporating this into a class. yeah this among other things. >> so i've always brought in a lot of sort of real world stuff into my classes and, you know, the thinking being that that is something a way to engage. we're

just talking about engagement and engage students, right? get them interested. and my field, i'm a social psychologist, but psychology more broadly really lends itself to bringing in these kind of real world things, right? we're observers of human behavior and everybody, whether you're a professional psychologist or not, is an observer of human behavior. and so to bring in these kind of real world things into class, i find that students, students really enjoy them, particularly when they're like very ongoing at the time, right? i mean, this is happening in real time. it feels relevant to them. >> okay. dr. benjamin rosenberg, fascinating stuff. you're an assistant professor of psychology at dominican university of california. really appreciate the conversation today. >> thanks so much for having me. appreciate it. >> up next, the yosemite national park cleanup returns and this year's trash pickup yielded some surprising rests. 'll dig into this when getting

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willing to collect trash to help beautify the valley after peak tourism season. it's put on by the yosemite climbing association. joining us live now from that organization is karen tarpinian. the events in partnership senior manager. karen, thanks for your time. >> thank you so much. >> so i know we're really sorry about that. this was a five day event, right when did it take place and how many people took part it? >> yeah, it it took part on september 23rd to the 20 to the 25th. um and we did have over 1500 people who did join this year. >> we have some of the video you shared with us of the effort. so this year you guys collected 10,000 pounds of trash, is that right? what. yes. what was in there? what are some of the top items? any surprises? >> honestly, this year there wasn't much surprises as it was a lot of micro trash. so a lot of fast food wrappers and

cigaret butts. but we did get a lot of cement blocks, so it was very similar to last year's pile of trash. i see. >> okay. so we have fragments, food wrappers, cigaret butts, cleaning wipes, napkins. what do you mean by fragments? >> so we there was a lot of micro trash. so a lot of people who just, um, eat a granola wrapper and leave it on the floor to like, um, a lot of small little wrappers. so a lot of small little things. >> so what is the damage from this trash being there in addition to just being ugly? obviously >> well, there there is a huge impact on the wildlife around the park. a lot of the animals could come and eat them and that could be a hazard. and on top of that, the people who do come who who recreate to the area, to

these specific areas, um, they won't enjoy it like the previous person who will. so we do want to make sure to clean up where, where we recreate on so that way other people could enjoy it. just, just, just just as much any documented cases of animals being really hurt or even dying after ingesting something? >> no, not not that i know of, but. >> but, but but their ecosystem does does change if they do eat, let's say, leftover food at a picnic table, um, or or on the ground as well. so 10,000 pounds of trash sounds like a whole lot, but i understand that's actually the least amount that you guys collected after a few years or in many years. >> why? yeah. >> yeah. um, shockingly, this year we just collected around a little over 10,000. and i do believe hopefully it is because a lot of people are seeing the

impact of trash in the park. so, so they are recreating more risk, risk, risk possibly. but to date we've collected over a million pounds of trash. um since since 2004. is that just in yosemite or are you counting other parks as well? oh, that that is just in yosemite. but you also engage in this effort in other places, too, right? >> like what are some of the other places? yeah >> so the last two years we, we did a expand across the united states specifically rocky mountain national park. um, to utah. joshua tree national park, um, moab. so we've kind of like expanded to over 20 locations the last couple of years and we've collected around, um, about 10,000 pounds just specifically with, with those areas. >> so for those interested, how can people get involved with

your efforts? >> yeah. um, so we do have various facelift events throughout the year and to learn more about us, you can go to our website yosemite climbing dot, dot, dot dot org. and you, you, you can sign up to be a volunteer for us. >> all right. >> well, karen tarpinian is events and partnerships senior manager. thank you so much. really appreciate the efforts by the yosemite climbing association. >> karen thank you so much. >> a reminder, you can get our live newscast, breaking news, weather and more with our abc7 bay area streaming tv app. we'll be

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happened. the nba all-star game is coming to san francisco. and larry biel will be live on abc7 news at 4:00 coming up to tell us all about it. but this is huge and after that monday night football coverage begins at 5 p.m. right here on abc7. the chargers will face off against the jets and then you can catch after the game followed by a special edition of abc7 news at 9:00. and because of the game, wheel of fortune will air at ten followed by jeopardy at 1030. world news tonight with david muir is next. i'll see you back here >> david: tonight in new york city, former president trump takes the stand in the $250 million fraud trial against him. the judge asking trump's lawyers to control their client. and israel's war with hamas. tonight, my exclusive interview with israeli prime minister benjamin netany