feinstein we look to the future this week, taking you inside the cashierless stores the that are popping up in san francisco. we talk to an award-winning physicist about the quantum computing and try to get into the brains of self-driving cars. our reporters from m.i.t. technology review, martin giles and maribel lopez of "forbes," this week on "press here."moing in the history of my life, this is going ton an artifact. it is a roll of tums. i bought it the other day at a cashierless store. the kind of store where you go in, take what you want off the

shelf and walk out.no cashier, . the store knows who i am and what i selected and the cost of the item is charged to my account. well, why tums? i feel fine. it was actually just small and really inexpensive and i wanted to try out the concept. i'm not sure my future grandchi grandchildre grandchildren are going to be impressed. in the future, most stores will probably be cashierless. and it will be krishna modicuri who made that all possible, joined by maribel lopez and martin giles of m.i.t. technology review. i was amazed thi i'm sure most people have that experience, as well. how does it work? how did the machine know i had takent>> so let me answer that question first by telling you how it all started. this was about four years ago, when my wife and i had just

moved back from south africa after a stint there and she -- we just had our baby boy and she asked me to go pick up a gallon of milk from the store. so i decided to stop by our local grocery store and i walked in and took one look at the counters and easily a five-minute wait. there was no way i was going to wait for one gallon of milk. so i went to a convenience store and picked up some non-organic milk that i was not very happy about. but it got me thinking. store had so many gallons of milk and here was a willing customer, but i couldn't pick that up because of that one bottleneck, the checkout line. so i did some research and found out that americanspend over a hundred hours a year -- >> oh, you're talking to three americans who stand in line. we get it! >> exactly. >> but how did it know? i mean, this is tiny. i picked it up off the shelf, i walked oitp. i get that part of it. how did it know it even came off the shelf? >> what happens is, we have cameras overhead that actually track exactly where each customer is,

checked into the store. so you check in at the entrance and the cameras follow you like a dot on a map, like a gps. and when you grab on to something, the cameras can see that your hand went into the shelf, picked up an item, and that information is actually captured by a camera and also cens sensors on the shelf, so both of those agree and that's how you know that you picked that item and we add that to your virtual cart. >> krishna, what about the challenges of, when i think of this type of store, you've got to put sensors and cameras everywhere. is this the type of thing we bound by smaller stores.and a >> eventually, you can expect this technology to be in every store of all sizes. right now, the cost to have tuf the store. so the larger the store you have, you will have a you will see this technology in smaller stores first, because there's a lower barrier to entry. but 10 to 15 years, i would

expect every single store to have this technology. because no customer is ever going to walk up and say, i enjoy spending time in your store, but i would like to spend another five minutes just waiting in line. >> is this the last kind of nail in the coffin of the checkout clerk. is that job well now and truly on its way out? we've had kind of like self-checkout for a long while, but there's still lots of clerks around. is this it? the technology that's going to kill them? >> so let me ask, we're building checkout free technology, not person-free technology. shopping is more than just checkout. it's about discovery, finding new products. so what i expect to see is that everybody who's spending hours just scanning products would actually upgrade to other kinds of jobs in the store of the future. i mean, i walk into a store, i want to know, like, how i can make, you know, the moroccan dish and i don't have this ingredient, so what can i substitute for n

they pick something up and put it em.ck the store and feel confident if >> exactly. we're working with retailers that come up with approaches that make it really easy for them to get their customers included. so an app is not necessarily. you could actually use other forms of identification. you could just be swiping a credit card. >> the app is necessary currently, right? >> right. >> now, obviously, as with almost everything in retail, the gorilla here is amazon. they opened up a store on california street in san francisco. you are not with amazon, although you used to be. i will point that out. i would assume you plan to sell your software to anyone who is in amazon. is that a fair assessment? >> absolutely, yeah. >> so is amazon, do you suspect they will also try to sell their technology, or they will keep their stores just to what amazo will do, but see like where we are, they are launching their own stores and that's what they've done so far. we are among the first companies to launch a working store in san francisco and we're inviting the tellerless experience, so they

don't have to wait for another company to open their technology. >> can you imagine this rolling out to the gap or 7-eleven or any store using your technology? >> that's correct. >> i guess my question is, speculate, because you're an expert, right, on this. there is no better expert on cashierless technology. do you think amazon is going to compete with you to get the gap as a customer, or do you think amazon will say, we're going to guard this jelly, because we kind of have this technology that we don't want anyone else to see. >> we believe that the for the foresuab foreseeable future, amazon will see this technology as a strategic advantage for other retailers, and given that they own a fairly large chain of retail, you know, whole foods, they have a significant opportunity to take this technology to their stores first. eventually, what they might do depends on how the environment evolves. >> and what about the privacy aspects of this? because, you know, you're tracking -- you're monitoring my every move. >> literally.

>> literally. and big tech companies haven't been the best kind of custodians of our data up to date. now, here is a whole new range of things that are very personal about me. maybe i picked something up and out it back. i really wouldn't want someone to know that i picked it up. you know. what's going to happen to my information? >> and we'll have to make that the last answer, but go right ahead. >> one of the first things we did when we designed the solution is to make it privacy friendly. so the cameras don't really see your face. for the most onompete online in the store are going to be stores with. >> krishna is the ceo of zip -i. i expect we'll be talking to you a lot in the future as this continues to evolve. thank you for being with us. >> my pleasure. well, incredibly smart people talking about quantum commutie ing computing in a way you and i will understand. super computers.

an up-close look at the bay area technology being used to protect the country it's one of the world's fastest super computers. >> an up close look at the bay area technology being used to protect the country and fight cancer. >> plus, why some of kanye west's local fans are fed up after spending big bucks at his shop. >> mrning, 4:30 to 7:00 a.m. welcome back to "press here." we're going of a variety of ways to explain very simply what quantum computing is. one explanation involved a dead cat. but it turns out one of the best people to explain quantum computing is the prime minister of canada. a reporter famously said to the prime minister during a question and answer session, i don't expect you to understand quantum computing, to which the prime minister said this. >> very simply, normal computers

work by -- no, no, no, don't interrupt me. when you walk out of here, you will know more -- no, some of you will far less about quantum computing, but most of you, normal computers work, either there's power going through a wire or not. it's a 1 or a 0. they're binary systems. what quantum states allow for is much more complex information to be encoded into a single bit. a regular computer bit is whether a 1 or a 0, on or off. a quantum state can be much more complex than that, because as we know, things can be both particle and wave at the same time, and the uncertainty around quantum states allows us to encode more information into a much smaller computer. so that's what's exciting about quantum computing. and that's what -- >> now, unfortunately, justin trudeau was not available to talk to us about quantum computing, but we found someone who knows even more than the prime minister of canada.

dr. irvine siddiqui of uc berkeley seen here with his super cool supercooled computers leads the way in the field. dr. siddiqui has been tapped to build an advanced test bed ffor developing quantum telo pme min do? hat a pretty good explanation of quantum computing? >> i think the prime minister is spot on. >> okay, just to bring it on home, 1 and a 0 is how we do it now. the "q" bit in a quantum computer can do both. which means it can do all the calculations at once. fair assessment? >> that's right. and in fact, quantum mechanics told us that all of nature can exist in all different combinations at a given time. hence the cat that's always asleep and awake at the same time. >> so if we take lots of q bits, in fact, even a modest number of q bits would require more numbers than the particles in the university to describe all

the configurations. >> where are the timelines. i jotted down -- you mentioned the jacquard loom, right? and then, of course, leslie park. >> yeah. >> so putting me i think we're tube equivalent of some of these quan computers where devices are coming together, there's some calculations they can do, for, how do we get them in all the homes and what's that final technology that's going to push us to make quantum a reality for everybody. >> and i hear people say, what you need to do with quantum computing, you need to super cool these things to like colder than deep space or you need to pfizer lasers at ion traps. and it sounds really complicated and really difficult. is this going to be a computer that's on scott's desk in five or ten years, or is this always going to be something that's only for very big companies?

>> for all that we know now, martin, these are really just specialized machines. to solve all those problems that your classical computers have no hope of tackling. but that being said, we've only scratched sclo schroedering's cat can enter all the machines that we have around us. so the best of quantum is still to come. or my ssuming they're not going desk, with we have another challenge. if quantum computing comes out, it breaks security as we know it. how do we rationalize those two viewpoints, if it can't be everywhere, yet we need it for cybersecurity. >> i think maribel, there's always a development on both sides of the fence. our computers are getting better, but so are our algorithms to protect our security in the modern internet age. so i'm sure they'll keep each other in check as we track along. >> is there any possibility, speaking of cryptography and things, that the nsa has some computer that we don't know about? i mean they would kill for a quantum computer, right?

because you could break the cryptography. is there a possibility, you being one of the world's leading experts in quantum computing, that the government has something that's better than what you've got? >> well, scott, i can't confirm or deny any information about quantu >> you would have built it, right? >> i can only tell you what's in my lab, scott? >> is that the government lab? on campus that's really an academic activity. but as the field is growing, laboratory, and i think it's a great opportunity for scientists to get together in a facility that looks like a particle accelerator or a collider, where lots of scientists around the world get together -- >> and this will be at lawrence livermore where you'll do both? >> this will be at lawrence berkeley, i apologize. >> we'll cut that one out. >> so -- >> well, at least it's not going to be at stanford. >> that would cut the whole show out. >> no, i think it's a tremendous opportunity for us, scott, to think about, you know, where

quantum technologies can go in a partnership between the government industry and in fact, academia, looking at these things at a large scale, and really giving a home for next generation of scientists that are interested in this field. >> my colleagues say we're all ab bad news. what about the good stuff? what are these computers going to do in terms of creating new drugs or new materials that can sort of transform the car or the airplane? is that the real opportunity here, isn't it? >> absolutely. i think there are lots of problems that are extremely conflicted in the modern world. and the utility of these quantum devices, as our prime minister was telling the us, that, in fact, you can put together a very large space in just a few elements. and if you have the right algorithm to search this space, you can very rapidly come at a solution. and that solution may be the energy level structure of molecules or particular drugs that are designed for a particular disease or a pathway for chemical synthesis or

searching large databases. there's a lot of things that fall under the umbrella of solving hard problems. >> and super computers can't do this? >> what's very interesting about classical computer versus quantum computing, one is ying, one is yang. classical computers solve a certain set of problems, where quantum computers solve totally different problems. there's a very different complexity class. >> so they're complimentary? >> rather complimentary. >> and we think about this as the next wave of artificial intelligence. so we got a big boost when we had cloud computing come on and we could have relatively inexpensive computing that allowed us to do breakthrough models. are we going to see another iteration of that as a result of quantum computing? >> i think there's going to be a lot of give and take. we started out in quantum mechanics a hundred years ago, asking if things could really be like this cat, which is asleep and a wake. and after a hundred years, we kind of agree, yes, it looks like this. and the next wave is, how do you

put knobs on the cat? >> my cat joke is you put a cat in a box, and in your case, it's asleep. >> i'm a cat person. >> it's a classic example it's a bowl of poison, you close the box, you don't know if the cat is dead or al awake. and that is the idea behind, you don't know until you observe something, the state that it's in. just, i know that's a strange aside, but we talk about this cat enough that i think people are going to be interested in researching it. are we ahead of the chinese, ahead of everyone else on this? do we need to worry about being ahead of other countries on this? >> the way i look at it, scott, we figured out there's a finish line and it's worth running that race. but all of us are at the start line. in fact, where that finish line is, what that road is the going

to look like, it's something globally we're all thinking about. what's clear in quantum technologies is something radical is going to happen. we have the material to sort of run this race, but we should invest now to figure out what the best path to get to that finish line. >> so there will be a discussion about a national plan, you know, $1 billion plus, but it all went away because of the midterms. is that going to come back? do we really need this now? >> we really do need this now, martin. i hope it stays active in our government and all our other sectors. because there's a need to keep quantum technology alive and put resources into the ecosystem, which starts with education and our industry. in fact, it has the national labs and other entities and research labs bridging all of these things together. >> dr. irvine siddiqui of cal berkeley and an expert in quantum computing, we appreciate you being with us today. >> thank you for having me. well, the surprising role of human beings in artificial intelligence, when "press here" continues.

welcome back to "press here." autonomous cars without any backup drivers will soon bonnet roads in silicon valley. the state of california just

cleared the way. autonomous cars suck up huge amounts of data. that's why companies like ford or waymo do these test drives to get real-world information about real-world behavior on the road. for instance, how to tell the difference between somebody about to turn and a driver who just left the blinker on for the last ten miles. the cars come home and engineers download all of that data, but engineers don't share. waymo doesn't tell ford what it learned and tesla doesn't speak to toyota. kevin groe is calling for car companies to come together and pool their data to speed up the arrival of safe automated cars. kevin is ceo of hive ai, an artificial technology company specializing in the visuals, what computers see. thank you for being with us. >> thank you for havin so what is the motivation for waymo? after all, waymo is way far ahead of everyone else, to be sharing with tesla or ford. what's in it for them. >> i think it's a general comment on the state of ai.

hardware has been the bottleneck, and everyone is on fairly comparable ground. >> even oftentimes, the same underlying models. where the difference is is the quality of the data. one can argue data should be a competitive advantage. given how much data we've found is actually necessary to built good ai models, i think it's a greater interest for the overall world to combine these data sets to make models better for everyone. because ultimately, ai is too important for there to be a few companies owning the working products. this is something we all need to come together to build a truly workable product. wit this. we've had autonomous cars go off the rails. i agree with your perspective on that. but i would say many people say that ai is the problem with that.

so how do we solve this perceived problem? >> this is one of the m misconceptions that's happened, ai is this black box and nobody understands how it happens. ai, the base we netwk. and as the name implies, it's around, can you build a machine to think like a human mind? can you train a humangniz pattet humans are trained off of visual data. when you train a child how to recognize the difference between a cat and a dog, you mainly show a child the difference between a cat and a dog. in similar fashion, to make a model better, the solution is actually quite simple. show it a lot of data. and what we found is that the best way to get high-quality data is not to use some sympathetic data like a lot of research groups have been talking about, but rather, ironically, to use a lot of human data. >> i find that fascinating. you've got 500, 600,000 people

doing this for to use your cat and dog technology, they're telling the computer, this is a cat, this is a dog, over and over and over and it's people doing it. >> orn pestrian? >> we've got toai. i was asking about the study being done about thelley problem where you have five people over here, one person over here, the car is going to crash. it's going to choose between, do you knock the five over or the one over. and there was this whole set of data that came back that you have cultural differences. in places like china and japan where the collective is very important and there's respect for the elderly, if these are five young people and this is one older person, it's take out the five. so how do we deal with this? is it going to be like -- are we going to have to tailor every ai for every different kind of culture and situation? >> well, i'll answer that question by saying, we're actually quite a ways away from tackling that particular problem. right now, we want to make sure

that cars can recognize this. if self-driving cars have a problem recognizing stationary objects. our senses are optimiz movement. so a car sitting in the middle of a road could pose a real risk to a driving card. so we're still quite a ways from that. but the second argument is, in e have introduced as different countries that these humans for each of these companies are operating under. so i can expect automakers to be adding in their own decision making on top of a general platform. >> isn't that fascinating? you might drive a japanese car with american ai, you would have to say, i don't want an ashtray, but american ai in my car. >> right. you have to decide. i think this is quite -- it's going to touch on all this kind of issue, which i can't keep bringing up, of privacy. it's like, how much do i want the car to know about me and my driving habits and how it's going to react to my driving habits? >> but the car is going to know about you and your driving habits. >> your car doesn't really know about you. it does have you have the usb

key stuck in. but not to speed up, go faster. i would like this setting set here. t move athe that where we're head? >> this is ano the road at i think it will be w rollout. i think it will be decades before we see true mainstream adoption of autonomous vehicles. one of the main issues today, we made great progress and see cars driving on autopilot modes, but they're not equipped to handle edge conditions, rain, snow, sleet. >> kevin groe just predicted car cars in ten years. kevin groe is the ceo of hive ai. thank you for being with us. press here will be back in just a minute. > tt's our show for th

week. my thanks to my guests and i su. an up-close look at the bay area technology being used to protect

fight cancer! plus: why some of kanye west )s local fans are (fed up! after spending big bucks at his shop. monday morning from 4:30 to 7. damian trujillo: hello, and welcome to "comunidad del valle," i'm damian trujillo, and today we're celebrating native american heritage. the traditions are rich on your "comunidad del valle." male announcer: nbc bay area presents "comunidad del valle" with damian trujillo. damian: we begin with the annual holiday food drive. diane hayward is here with the second harvest food bank of santa clara and san mateo county. i can't believe we're already talking about this. diane hayward: i can't believe it either. i feel like we were just here over at safeway. damian: well, welcome back. now, we were talking off camera about how depressing and startling, add whatever you want, the numbers are. and the numbers are sad. damian: when you have, let's see what we have here, one in four residents of santa clara county

are at risk of hunger. what does that say about where we're living and how we're treating those who are making pretty good money,