captioning funded by cbs and ford-- built for the road ahead. >> all of a sudden, it's just this eruption of gunfire. >> pelley: tonight, for the first time, we have the story of the rescue of jessica buchanan. it is the tale of a secret mission by seal team six that few people have heard about until now. >> this group of men who's risked their life for me already asks me to lie down on the ground because they're concerned that there might be someone else there. and then they make a circle around me, and then they lie down on top of me, to protect me.

( gunfire ) >> gupta: there are three million americans who served in iraq and afghanistan. they face a host of problems when they come home. >> failure seldom stops you to be an entrepreneur. what stops you is because you have the fear of failure. >> gupta: it's bootcamp, minus the mud. everything from keeping the books to understanding the competitive landscape to getting financing. >> as far as i'm concerned, who better to live the american dream of business ownership than these men and women who have put on a uniform to defend that dream? >> i welcome bill gates to our school. the government of ghana and all school-aged children are grateful for your support. >> very well done. great to be here. >> rose: how do you find the balance in all of this? father, chairman of a major company, a foundation, and then all these other ventures. how does the balance come to you? >> i don't mow the lawn.

( laughter ) >> i'm steve kroft. >> i'm leslie stahl. >> i'm morley safer. >> i'm lara logan. >> i'm charlie rose. >> i'm scott pelley. those stories tonight on "60 minutes." all business purchases. so you can capture your receipts, and manage them online with jot, the latest app from ink. so you can spend less time doing paperwork. and more time doing paperwork. ink from chase. so you can. [ kids ] yes! it's better to be fast to not be bitten by a werewolf and then you'll be turned into one and you will have to stay in and then you'll have to get shaved

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and that's a great thing. but even though we're living longer, one thing that hasn't changed much is the official retirement age. ♪ the question is how do you make sure you have the money you need to enjoy all of these years. ♪ >> pelley: tonight, for the first time, we have the story of the rescue of jessica buchanan. it is the tale of a secret mission by seal team six that few people have heard about until now. on a january night in 2012,

members of seal team six jumped from a plane into the skies of somalia. jessica buchanan was being held hostage, and the seals were descending just in time. buchanan was a humanitarian aid worker who had come to help children in one of the most dangerous places on earth. hers was an ordeal that ended in a flash of violence but had begun 93 days earlier when her car was stopped by bandits in a place she calls hell. >> buchanan: we stopped very abruptly, like, so abruptly that i felt, like, everybody just fall forward. and then, i started hearing all of this pounding on the windows and the windshield and all this shouting in somali, and there is a man standing there screaming. and he has an a.k.-47, and he is shouting and pointing it at us. and then, he climbs into the car next to me and points an a.k. into my face. and they're hyped up like they're on speed, and, all of the sudden, we just take off.

the driver just takes off, and we just start slamming all over the place down these camel tracks. >> pelley: what did you think they were going to do? >> buchanan: i figured they were going to rape me and then kill me. and i just keep thinking, "this can't be the end. this can't be the end of my life. i'm only 32 years old. i haven't had any children yet." i didn't get to say goodbye to erik. i didn't get to say goodbye to my dad. like, this can't be the end. >> pelley: jessica buchanan was facing the end at the end of the earth. somalia, on the farthest tip of africa, is war torn and lawless. this is essentially no man's land. militias battle over an unforgiving land, as we saw while covering a famine there in 2011. it was the same year that

buchanan was with a danish charity teaching children how to avoid landmines. on october 25, her car was hijacked. >> buchanan: the driver is driving just like a madman. we are bouncing all over the place. my head keeps hitting the window, it keeps hitting the roof. i'm holding on to the side, the handle on the land cruiser, just trying to keep myself steady. >> pelley: what happened next? >> buchanan: it gets dark, and we've changed vehicles a couple of times. more people have come. they're screaming, and i hear from behind me a higher pitched voice going on and on in somali, and i think, "my god, they have a woman involved in this." and i turn around, and i see a small child in the back of the land cruiser with an a.k.-47 draped in ammunition, and i

think the irony of why i came to africa in the first place. >> pelley: exactly the kid you were trying to save? a child soldier? >> buchanan: yeah. >> pelley: what was he doing? >> buchanan: learning the trade. >> pelley: she'd been kidnapped along with a coworker, poul thisted. they drove into the night and then were ordered to march into the desert. >> buchanan: and they tell us to get down on to our knees. and i think, "okay, this is it," and i'm bracing myself to be shot in the back of the head. and i think that there's mercy in the fact that maybe they're not going to rape me first but that it's just going to be quick. and i'm waiting and i'm waiting. and then, all of a sudden, somebody shouts from behind us, "sleep." and i'm thinking, "oh, my god, i

didn't hear that correctly, did i? he just said 'sleep'?" >> pelley: she collapsed, slept through the night and the next morning was met by the man who led the bandits. >> buchanan: and we ask him, "are you going to kill us? is that why we're here?" he says, "no, no, no. money. we just want money." >> pelley: how much were they asking for? >> buchanan: they started out at $45 million. >> pelley: they thought you were pretty valuable. >> buchanan: i guess so. >> pelley: the bandits used her cell phone to call her husband, erik landemalm. the two had married on an african beach two years before, but his number and the numbers of buchanan's family had all been disconnected. it was part of the charity's emergency plan. the one number that worked was her nairobi office with a hostage negotiator standing by. and so began months of talks. where did they keep you, day in, day out?

>> buchanan: under trees and outside. >> pelley: you were outdoors for 93 days? >> buchanan: yep. and at night, they forced us to sleep out in the open. >> pelley: what were the nights like? >> buchanan: long and cold. then, the rainy season hit, and it would rain all night long. and you're already freezing, so then you're sitting there wet. >> pelley: what were you eating? >> buchanan: tuna fish, maybe once a day. we would get a small can of tuna fish and a piece of bread. >> pelley: did you feel like you were beginning to lose your humanity at any point? >> buchanan: yeah. i mean, they treated us like animals. to be so sick that, you know, you're vomiting behind bushes. and you can't walk straight, and you're laying in the fetal position on the ground under a tree. and they don't even... they don't care.

their duty was to keep me from dying because then i wasn't worth anything. >> pelley: they were in thends g khat. it's a plant that has the same effect as amphetamines. >> buchanan: they were so hyped up on speed. it was like drinking pot after pot of coffee. and then, the crash would come. and... and then, it brought a lot of belligerence and... and a lot of anger. and a lot of temper. >> pelley: you and poul came up with nicknames for a lot of the people who were keeping you. it's one of the ways you kept yourself occupied. >> buchanan: we did. >> pelley: the ten-year-old boy? >> buchanan: "crack baby," because he was cracked out all the time. he was chewing khat, and he had two blacks holes for eyes. there was nothing inside. >> pelley: this is one of the camps where she was held. the bandits hit her, pointed

their guns at her and put a knife to her throat. but it was exposure that took a toll. she lost 25 pounds. after three weeks, the bandits made a video to prove that she was alive. have you seen the video? >> buchanan: i have. i can tell i'm starting to lose hope at that point. >> pelley: but hope would have to last for two more months. as the many weeks went by, did you think "the american government is watching me? they know where i am, and somebody's going to get me out of here"? >> buchanan: no. >> pelley: why? >> buchanan: because i'm just an aid worker. >> pelley: you didn't imagine that the president of the united states knew your name? >> buchanan: never. never in a million years. >> pelley: after three months in the desert, buchanan had a serious urinary tract infection, and, in a final call to the hostage negotiator, she said

this: >> buchanan: i'd become so ill that i couldn't stand up. i couldn't walk, i was in so much pain. and i said, "i think i have a kidney infection." and i started to cry, and i said, "i think i'm afraid i'm going to die out here." >> pelley: when that call was received here in nairobi, it set off a chain of events that led all the way to the oval office. the f.b.i. and the military consulted doctors who said that if jessica had a kidney infection, she might have just two weeks to live. that was transmitted to the president, who was also informed that in just a few days there would be a new moon-- perfect darkness for a seal team rescue. jessica buchanan had chosen a star in the somali sky to represent her mother who had passed away a year before. she spoke to it every night, and, with no moon, it was especially bright on january 25.

what did you say that night? >> buchanan: "please tell god that i need some help. we need to get out of here." >> pelley: you couldn't have known that that prayer would be answered that night? >> buchanan: i had no idea. >> pelley: she was on a mat, trying to sleep, when she heard a faint scratching noise. one of the bandits she nicknamed "helper" heard it, too. >> buchanan: and then, i see this look of just sheer terror on helper's face. and then, all of the sudden, it's just this eruption of gunfire. and i think, "okay, well, this is it. this really is truly the end." and i cover up with my blanket again, and i just start saying, "oh, god, oh, god, oh, god." and i just remember thinking... or maybe i'm saying out loud, like, "i cannot survive this." >> pelley: she thought she was being taken by a rival group--

maybe al shabaab, the islamic extremists who would surely kill her. >> buchanan: and then, all of the sudden, i feel all these hands on me, roughly grabbing at me. and i try to protect myself, and i pull the blanket closer on top of me. and then i hear my name. but it's not a somali accent, it's an american accent. and i can't compute. like, i can't understand that somebody with an american accent knows my name. and they say, "jessica, we're with the american military. we're here to take you home, and you're safe." i pull the blanket down from my

face, and all i see is black-- black masks, black sky-- and all i can say over and over is, "you're american? you're american? i don't understand, you're americans"-- thinking, how did you get here? and i'm still alive, and they ask me where my shoes are, and i don't know. and one of them picks me up and starts running. he runs for several minutes and puts me down on the ground. and then, they identify themselves and that they knew i was very sick. and they have medicine and they have water. they have food, and they've come to take me home. at one point, i think they thought they heard something. i don't know this group of men

who's risked their life for me already asks me to lie down on the ground because they're concerned that there might be someone out there, and then they make a circle around me. and then they lie down on top of me, to protect me. and we lay like that until the helicopters come in. >> pelley: when all of those seals laid down on top of you, you were the most important thing in the world to them. >> buchanan: it's really hard to comprehend. >> pelley: they were going to take a bullet for you. >> buchanan: uh-huh. and they are so kind and they're so gentle. and they are trying to assist me to get to the helicopter, but i think i've been out here for months, i can run to this helicopter myself. and so, i just break away and i just take off running through the scrub, through the bush, and i throw myself onto that helicopter and push myself up against the wall.

and i don't start breathing until we actually lift up off the ground. and they hand me an american flag that's folded. >> pelley: what did you think of that? >> buchanan: i just started to cry. at that point in time, i have never in my life been so proud and so very happy to be an american. >> pelley: the seals left on other helicopters. she didn't see their faces, didn't hear their names. they appeared, and they were gone. the only thing left in the camp were nine dead bandits. >> mr. speaker... >> pelley: it all ended just hours before the state of the union address. as the president walked in, he had a secret with defense secretary leon panetta that almost no one understood until later. >> president obama: good job tonight. good job tonight. >> pelley: after the speech, president obama called buchanan's father. jessica met her husband erik at a u.s. base in italy.

>> buchanan: i just couldn't believe he was standing there and that i was standing there, and we had... we had a second chance. and then, later, we flew to portland, oregon, and i was reunited with my father and my brother and my sister and her husband. >> pelley: what was the first thing you said to your father? >> buchanan: daddy... i'm... i'm so sorry that you had to go through this, but we made it. >> pelley: so did her danish co- worker, poul thisted, who was also rescued by the seals. he said later that his lucky break was being captured with an american. jessica buchanan has told her story in a new book, "impossible odds," coming out this week.

you may recall that she said that her first thought when she was taken was that she was too young to die because she hadn't had children. well, she's taken care of that, too. she and her husband have a baby boy, and they've moved back to the states from east africa. as your life changes, fidelity is there for your personal economy, helping you readjust along the way, refocus as careers change and kids head off to college, and revisit your investments as retirement gets closer. wherever you are today, fidelity's guidance can help you fine-tune your personal economy. start today with a free one-on-one review of your retirement plan. with the bing it on challenge to show google users what they've been missing on bing. let's bing it on. [fight bell: ding, ding] how many here are google users? what if i was to tell you that you would actually like

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>> gupta: in january, wal-mart pledged to hire any recent veteran who wanted a job. the company projects that could be a 100,000 vets in the next five years. that's a big commitment at a time when it's needed. there are three million americans who've served in iraq and afghanistan, and they face a host of problems when they come home. it's not just unemployment; nearly half have a disability because of their service. most tragically, more soldiers

killed themselves last year than died at the hands of the enemy. one veteran-turned-business school professor has an innovative solution to help them succeed as civilians-- give the vets a new mission: business ownership. funded in part by wal-mart, pepsico and other companies, he started a small business incubator tailor-made to help disabled vets trade in their combat boots for business suits. ( gunshot ) vets like staff sergeant brad lang. ( gunshot ) he learned his sharp-shooting skills courtesy of the u.s. marine corps. ( gunshot ) for his deployments in afghanistan, this young father and husband volunteered for the bomb squad unit. >> brad: every time an i.e.d. is rendered safe, you saved countless lives. i joined the marine corps to serve, and this is... in my opinion, the ultimate way to serve is to... to save your brothers' lives. >> gupta: these are the things everyone wants to avoid, and you

guys are the guys that are actually going toward those things. >> brad: yes. ( gunshot ) >> gupta: in july 2011, while under fire, lang defused two i.e.d.s, but, as he was leaving the scene, he missed one and triggered it. >> brad: i remember the cloud of dust, flying through the air upside down, landing on the ground. i knew that i was in pretty rough shape. >> gupta: when you surveyed your body, what did you see? >> brad: i noticed that my left leg was gone from the knee down. my right leg was gone from halfway down my shin. so, my ankle, my foot, that was all gone. >> gupta: he was airlifted out, and, weeks later when he woke up at walter reed, the 27-year-old and his family faced their new reality. >> brad: we got over the fact that i lost my legs very quickly because, no matter what, they're not coming back. so, every conversation that we

had after that point was, "this is how you're going to recover. this is how you're going to continue to move forward as a productive member of society." >> gupta: i think it would take me a long time to get to that point. >> brad: everything becomes trivial when you go through an experience like this. >> gupta: brad lang was awarded a purple heart and underwent more than 20 operations. during his months in the hospital, he reconnected with a marine he had met during training-- johnny morris, who had also lost a leg. knowing their job prospects were slim, they decided to start a business building guns and also adapting them for the disabled. >> brad: we both just love guns. johnny was a gunsmith before he came in the marine corps. we just decided that that would be a great idea. we plan to be a retail gun store selling factory guns, but with full gunsmithing capabilities. >> gupta: you came up with a name? >> brad: we were just kind of joking around and discussing, you know, "what... what are we going to call this place?" and my wife looked at me, and she goes, "'stumpie's,' duh.

you only have one good leg between the two of you." >> gupta: but they didn't know how to make stumpie's a reality, and that's where the entrepreneurship bootcamp for veterans comes in. >> mike haynie: one thing i am going to ask of you this week is, make the most of this opportunity. >> gupta: it's a crash course in business, everything from keeping the books to understanding the competitive landscape to getting financing. >> mike: as far as i'm concerned, who better to live the american dream of business ownership than these men and women who have put on a uniform to defend that dream? >> gupta: mike haynie, an air force vet-turned- entrepreneurship professor, started the bootcamp for veterans in 2006. it's a month-long online course followed by a ten-day, all- expenses paid program that's offered on eight campuses nationwide, including this one at syracuse university. you really treat them like, i mean, business executives-- take them out shopping for suits and ties. they stay in hotels as opposed to dorms. what's the significance of that?

>> mike: i want to begin to help them change who they... who they perceive they are. you also have to create that new narrative, that new vision for, you know, "i am an entrepreneur. i am a business owner." >> gupta: marine lance corporal garrett anderson wanted to start a production company when he applied. while everyone in the class has a disability, anderson's wounds are less visible. he's one of the approximately 600,000 vets suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder. >> garett: during the day, i could function. during the day, i could do my work. but night would come, and i'd just start drinking and watching. >> gupta: he was just 19 when he fought in fallujah, one of the deadliest battles of the iraq war. it haunted him. >> garett: one night, i got pretty intoxicated. later that night, i tried to hang myself, and i failed at that. and after i'd failed at that, i realized in a real way, like, "hey, you... you didn't come home okay. you've got a problem, and it's because of the war." >> gupta: more than 22 veterans

kill themselves every day. that's almost one an hour. >> mike: it's a crisis, and everyone recognizes that it's a crisis. >> gupta: has someone or something failed? >> mike: ( sigh ) yeah, no question. i mean, it's... how do we let that happen? >> gupta: is that in part what... what drives you? >> mike: i feel an obligation to support the men and women who... who have shouldered the burden of a decade at war. they stepped up, they volunteered. how many of you in your military roles have had those people that you work for... >> gupta: nearly half of those returning are coming home with disabilities, which can make it difficult to hold traditional 9- to-5 jobs. are veterans particularly good at being entrepreneurs? >> mike: absolutely. you learn to become entrepreneurial in the context of serving in the military. the boss comes up to you and says, "here's what we need you to accomplish. it's got to be done in two days. figure it out." >> gupta: 70% of the vets who

entered his program started a business within four years. nine grads are running multimillion-dollar businesses, including a technology company that had revenues of more than $40 million. pam randall didn't dare dream about that kind of success. >> pam: i was shocked when i couldn't even get menial labor jobs. >> gupta: she was a lieutenant colonel in the air force and retired in 2010 after years of hard landings left her with a laundry list of ailments. >> pam: damage to both shoulders, both wrists, both hips, both knees, upper and lower back, and i have nerve damage in my elbows. >> gupta: that's a lot. >> pam: yeah. >> gupta: are you in pain? >> pam: every day. >> gupta: though it was a challenge, she spent more than a year looking for work, any kind of work. 23 years of military service, a lieutenant colonel, senior... senior rank-- it seems like you would be the perfect candidate for so many jobs. >> pam: you'd think that. you would think that.

the military chapter's closed, so now you do a new chapter. >> gupta: what was your sentiments as you're going through that? a year of putting out applications and not being able to find anything. >> pam: i was a little shocked. i had to do something. so now, you know, small business, here we come. >> gupta: randall wanted to turn her leatherworking hobby into a saddle and tack business. she turned to the bootcamp for help. >> pam: i've got the craft side. it's that whole business world, all that business stuff, that i knew absolutely nothing about. >> gupta: randall, lang, anderson and two dozen other vets were in this year's class. early on in the program, most of them didn't see themselves as entrepreneurs. just by a show of hands, how many of you, before you joined the military, ever thought at some point in your life you'd start a business of your own?

you thought you might? >> efren: yes, sir. >> gupta: but you're the only one. is it scary? >> alan: very. >> pam: yeah. >> gupta: what... what frightens you the most about this? >> alan: failure. >> garret: financial destitution. i mean, you... >> pam: yeah. >> garret: ...you do this wrong, and you can mess up your whole life. you know, it's... if you go too far too quick, your credit's ruined. you know, you got a family, and what are you going to do? >> ted lachovitz: failure seldom stops you from being an entrepreneur. what stops you is because you have the fear of failure. >> gupta: it's bootcamp, minus the mud. the challenges are mental, not physical, and the vets lean on each other for support. >> pam: you gel quickly when you're a vet. you have a common ground that you just... it's hard to explain what it is, but you just instantly will click. >> alan: i think it would be difficult. i wouldn't want to do it unless it was a school of vets. you have to get your paperwork down. >> gupta: the final exam is a presentation of their business plan to a panel of executives and entrepreneurs. >> judge: your presentation, you

just inspire confidence. >> pam: thank you. >> mike: i would like to introduce the 2012 entrepreneurship bootcamp for veterans with disabilities program here at syracuse university. >> gupta: to date, only 600 veterans have gone through the program. it's numbers like that that frustrate mike haynie. >> mike: sometimes i... i go home at night, and i think about, "man, there's 26 vets here," and there's 20,000 that will leave the military this month. it's spitting in the wind. there's so much more we could do. >> gupta: this is something that the nation should be taking on, the... the u.s. government should be taking on. >> mike: agree 100%. >> gupta: there's a real sense of outrage, mike, already that the government isn't doing enough for returning veterans. >> mike: if the agenda is empower vets through business ownership, why would you not go out to the people who are really good at helping individuals

launch and grow businesses and say, "become our partner?" >> gupta: that's slowly starting to happen. the government, which already provides veterans with small business loans, has asked haynie to help design coursework for all returning troops. one of the most important parts of the program is the long-term access to mentorship, contacts and a variety of free services. >> kimberly barnard: ready? one, two, three! ( cheers and applause ) >> gupta: in the nine months since graduation, a few have already launched businesses. >> barnard: thank you. >> gupta: one opened a law firm... >> phil lennon: make sure your quads... >> gupta: ...another a cross-fit gym. >> pam: i'll take that much down. >> gupta: pam randall started lladnar's leathercrafts and sold several horse halters. garrett anderson started that production company, is finishing his first documentary, and he got married. you're taking a lot on this year, aren't you? ( laughs ) >> garrett: yeah. yeah.

( laughs ) >> gupta: you feel good about it all? >> garrett: yeah, i feel great. >> brad: oh, there's that piece i was looking for. >> gupta: brad lang and johnny morris launched their gun business out of a shed in the backyard. >> johnny morris: after eight shots, the magazine ejects from the top. >> gupta: they got their federal firearms license, are looking for investors and have already sold more than a hundred guns. >> gupta: all right, i think i'm going to try this. >> brad: all right, let's do it. >> gupta: the new proprietors of stumpie's gave me a lesson at a shooting range using one of their custom-made rifles. safety's off? >> brad: all right, you're clear to fire. >> gupta: i'm going to give this a go. >> brad: you're clear to fire. >> gupta: here we go. ( gunshot ) how'd i do? >> brad: looks like you hit. >> gupta: all right! >> brad: nice job. i just cashed or deposited the first stumpie's check last week. >> gupta: excellent. >> brad: like, actual check that said "stumpie's custom guns" on it. so, you know, it's neat. >> gupta: pretty rewarding? >> brad: yeah.

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>> rose: you probably know bill gates as the founder of microsoft, the hard-driving tech executive whose software fueled the personal computer revolution. you might also know him as the long-time richest man in the world who left microsoft five years ago so he could work full- time giving his money away. we had the chance to witness "bill gates 2.0," the man you don't know. he is driven as much as anyone we have ever met to make the world a better place. gates told us why he thinks inventions are the key to success, and just what he intends to accomplish with his time, intellect and $67 billion fortune, starting with his plans to knock out some of the world's deadliest diseases. >> rose: you're going to spend the next 20 years of your life trying to eradicate disease, yes? >> bill: yep. >> rose: that's your mission? >> bill: that'll be the... the majority of my time.

>> rose: starting with polio? >> bill: get it done by 2018. >> rose: tuberculosis? >> bill: take probably six or seven years. >> rose: malaria? >> bill: malaria's the one that the tools are being invented now-- 15 and perhaps even 20 years, but start to really shrink that map. >> rose: these are the people gates wants to help. they are what he calls "the bottom two billion," a third of the world's population that struggles on less than $2 a day. they are poor, hungry, lack electricity and clean water. gates' most urgent goal: help the millions of children under five who die every year, one every 20 seconds, from preventable diseases. no one alive that i know of has said, "my goal is to eradicate a disease and then another disease and then another disease." this is somebody that dreams high. >> bill: yeah, because i... i'm excited about that. and... and it's... it's doable. >> rose: today, gates spends most of his time here at the bill and melinda gates

foundation in seattle. he runs it with his father, bill, sr., and his wife, melinda, whom he credits with being a driving force behind the foundation. there are over 1,100 employees to help them decide which programs to fund, but gates still visits sites around the world to see what's working and what's not. >> girl: i welcome bill gates to our school. the government of ghana and all school-age children are grateful for your support. >> bill: very well done. great to be here. >> rose: the grants here go towards school nutrition... >> woman: this is spinach. >> rose: ...improving agriculture... >> jacob: we don't have enough water in the river. >> rose: ...and most important to gates, lifesaving vaccines. >> bill: well, whenever you see a mother bringing a sick child into a facility, it's easy to relate to "what if that was my child?" you realize how crazy it is that with the world being rich enough

to afford all sorts of frivolous things, that those basic things still aren't... aren't being provided. >> rose: but providing vaccines throughout the developing world is no simple task, so gates has set up his foundation to run like microsoft. he insists on strict accounting, and, when a problem arises, he pulls in the best people to find solutions. we saw a good example of that when it comes to vaccines. to be effective, they need to be kept cold. >> bill: so, this is using electricity? >> rose: but that's tough in hard to reach areas where refrigerators are rare and unreliable. so, back in seattle, gates turned to scientists at a company called intellectual ventures, where he is both an investor and an inventor. they created a "super thermos" using the same technology that protects spacecraft from extreme heat. using only a single batch of ice, it can keep vaccines cold for 50 days. so, here is the thermos?

>> bill: that's right. this holds vaccines for over 200 children, and it doesn't require any battery, any energy. its walls have been designed to be such a good thermos that even in very, very hot days, inside it will stay cold enough to make the vaccines work. and when you want to take them out, you just go in here, and there... there's a whole tray of the vaccines. >> rose: yeah. >> bill: you take them out. it records everything you've done with it, the temperature. so, it's a replacement for all those refrigerators that have been so unreliable. i mean, just look at this thing. when we take it out in the field, people go, "oh, that's amazing. you can't do that." >> rose: no matter how perfect the vaccine, if you can't get it to the people who need it, it ain't doing no good. >> bill: that's right. and now, you know, we need to get it to every child in the world. >> rose: gates is betting technology will solve other age- old problems like sanitation. two and a half billion people around the world do not have adequate toilets.

that means streams and rivers get clogged with debris and human waste, becoming breeding grounds for disease. >> bill: the toilet is one of those things that's like a vaccine, where it really would change the... the situation. >> rose: so, gates launched a global competition: design a toilet that works without plumbing. >> bill: we had over 20 entrants. we gave four top prizes. some of them used burning, some of them used a laser approach. there... there were quite a few novel ideas of how you reinvent the toilet. and so, this was one of the prototype designs of what a good-looking new toilet would look like. it actually processes everything down in here, and then recycles water. over the next four or five years, we think we can have a toilet that's every bit as good as the flush toilet. >> rose: you can learn a lot about what motivates bill gates by visiting his private office.

he showed us why he draws inspiration from the italian genius leonardo da vinci. in 1994, gates bought da vinci's 500-year-old notebook. >> bill: he had an understanding of science that was more advanced than anybody of the time. the notebook we have here is one where he's thinking about water. and he's looking at how it flows when it hits barriers, and it goes around, comes back together. he's actually trying to understand turbulence. how should you build a dam? how does it erode away? >> rose: it cost $30 million at auction, making it the most valuable manuscript in the world. for gates, it is priceless. >> bill: it's an inspiration that one person off on their own, with no positive feedback-- nobody ever told him, you know, it was right or wrong-- that he kept pushing himself, you know, found knowledge in itself to be a beautiful thing. >> rose: gates scoffs at any comparison to the great leonardo, but a look around his private office reveals a man

equally obsessed with understanding his world. can i look at these? >> bill: sure. this is the weather one, "meteorology." my very first course that i watched was this geology course. >> rose: this is a whole series on the joy of science? "mathematics, philosophy in the real world." gates' collection of d.v.d.s contains hundreds of hours of college lectures that this famous harvard drop-out has watched. >> bill: the more you learn, the more you have a framework that the knowledge fits into. >> rose: when he's on the road, gates, who's a speed-reader, lugs around what he calls his "reading bag." when he finishes a book, he posts his thoughts on his web site, "gates' notes." >> bill: what i'll do is, i'm reading these books. >> rose: oh, look at that. >> bill: i'll take notes. >> rose: oh, these are your notes already? >> bill: right. >> rose: look at this. >> bill: i love to take notes on books. so, i just haven't written it up yet. >> rose: "how long will it take to read all of this?" >> bill: oh, a long time. thank goodness for vacations. i read a lot. >> rose: but gates isn't just reading books for pleasure; he

is determined to use his knowledge to back groundbreaking innovations. take this high-tech zapper. it is a laser designed to shoot down malaria-infected mosquitoes in mid-flight. and gates showed us one of his boldest and, he says, most important ventures, a new kind of nuclear reactor. it would burn depleted uranium, making it cleaner, safer and cheaper than today's reactors. >> bill: and your fuel will last for 60 years. so, during that entire time, you don't need to open it up, refuel it. you don't need to buy more fuel. so, there's a certain simplicity that comes with this design. >> rose: and when could it come onstream? >> bill: best case would be to have a prototype around 2022. >> rose: bill gates calls himself an "impatient optimist," a description his wife melinda says was accurate even when they met over 20 years ago. >> rose: melinda, what did you like about him? >> melinda: just his curiosity and his optimism about life and

this belief that, you know, that you can change things. i mean, he believed that clearly in microsoft. he was changing the world with software, and he knew it. >> rose: is the curiosity a shared curiosity, or are there different curiosities? >> melinda: well, we both have curiosity for lots of things. bill, at this stage in our life, also gets more time to read than i do, quite honestly, with three kids in the house. >> rose: yeah. >> melinda: but the great thing is, bill will go read an entire book about fertilizer. and i can tell you even without three kids in the house, i'm not going to read a book about fertilizer. >> rose: yeah. >> melinda: but he loves to teach. and so, as long as i have time, we'll spend time talking about that. >> rose: so, what is it about a book about fertilizer? i mean, seriously? >> bill: well, fertilizers are very interesting. we couldn't feed... a few peop... billion people would have to die if we hadn't come up with fertilizer. >> rose: how do you find a balance in all this? father, chairman of a major company, a foundation, and then all these other ventures? how does the balance come to you? >> bill: i don't mow the lawn. ( laughter ) >> rose: you found somebody to do that? >> bill: absolutely.

>> rose: he has come a long way from that teenage prodigy obsessed with writing computer code. over nearly four decades, we've watched bill gates help lead the digital revolution with what he now admits was a fanatic and relentless determination. >> bill: you guys never understood, you never understood the first thing about this. i'm not using this thing. >> rose: in the early years, there was a demanding guy, there was a driven guy, there was an obsessed guy. there was, some say, an arrogant guy. have you changed? >> bill: i've certainly learned. when i make a mistake, you know, and my thinking is sloppy, i like to be very hard on myself. like, "that is so stupid. how could you not see how those pieces fit together?" and that way that you're, you know, very disciplined yourself and careful about your thinking, you don't want it to extend out to when other people may not get something quite as quickly. it's like, "uh, how come you don't get this thing?" >> rose: has he mellowed at all? >> melinda: i hope any of us in

life mature, right? we all mature. but look, i wouldn't have married bill if there wasn't a huge heart. with all of the adjectives you just used about how he drove his career, which was very successful for microsoft, there was an enormous heart always there. >> rose: no question gates has softened with age; just listen to how he reflected on his often tumultuous relationship with the late apple c.e.o., steve jobs. >> bill: he and i, in a sense, grew up together. we were within a year of the same age, and, you know, we were kind of naively optimistic and built big companies. we achieved all of it, and most of it as rivals. but we always retained a certain respect, communication, including even when he was sick. i got to go down and... and spend time with him. >> rose: and talk about what? >> bill: oh, about what we'd learned, about families, anything. >> rose: today, gates says he gets advice on patience and generosity from his friend, warren buffett, who, seven years

ago, entrusted the majority of his fortune to the gates foundation; and from his father, bill, sr., a lawyer who prodded his son into giving his money away. >> rose: you've said before, this is your hero. why? >> bill: well, my dad has integrity, he's got a humble approach to things, he's calm and wise about things. it's just a huge influence to always, you know, want to live up to a great example. >> rose: someone said to me, "your son may be the most influential person in the 21st century." >> bill, sr.: i can only say yes. >> rose: he's determined, as he already has proven, that he can dramatically reduce the number of kids under five who die. >> bill, sr.: that's right. >> rose: you can't do any better than that, can you? >> bill, sr.: that's right. that's right. there's no way to be unimpressed about that. >> rose: you couldn't be more proud.

>> bill, sr.: i couldn't be more proud. that is exactly true. >> go to 60minutesovertime.com to hear more about the great rivalry and friendship between bill gates and steve jobs. sponsored by pfizer. [ phil ] when you have joint pain and stiffness... accomplishing even little things can become major victories. i'm phil mickelson, pro golfer. when i was diagnosed with psoriatic arthritis, my rheumatologist prescribed enbrel for my pain and stiffness, and to help stop joint damage. [ male announcer ] enbrel may lower your ability to fight infections. serious, sometimes fatal events including infections, tuberculosis, lymphoma, other cancers, nervous system and blood disorders, and allergic reactions have occurred. before starting enbrel, your doctor should test you for tuberculosis and discuss whether you've been to a region where certain fungal infections are common. you should not start enbrel if you have an infection like the flu. tell your doctor if you're prone to infections, have cuts or sores, have had hepatitis b, have been treated for heart failure,

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>> pelley: i'm scott pelley. we'll be back next week with another edition of "60 minutes," and i'll see you tomorrow on the "cbs evening news." ♪ ♪

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