captioning funded by cbs and ford-- built for the road ahead. >> as you send us your bombs, we will send you ours. >> logan: by the time of his death, anwar al-awlaki was at the top of the u.s. terrorist kill list. >> jihad against america is binding upon myself, just as it is binding on every other able muslim. >> logan: he had become the operational leader of al qaeda in yemen and was in the midst of planning more attacks. morten storm was one of the few people awlaki trusted. what he didn't know was that storm had become a double agent.

♪ ♪ >> pelley: this looks like an arena concert, but it's a private party for the super- rich. the robin hood foundation's annual fund-raiser seats 4,000. >> brothers and sisters of robin hood... >> pelley: billionaires, stars and athletes are here to lay credit cards at the feet of paul tudor jones. >> the risk is not doing it. >> pelley: so, what is this modern-day robin hood doing with all this money? that's our story tonight. >> simon: this is called lung packing, and william truebridge is doing it to attempt something known as a free dive, going down more than 400 feet, longer than a football field, on a single breath. he carries no weights, but he'll go down quickly. at 70 feet, he'll lose buoyancy and will be pulled by gravity alone. medical scholars say they're

revealing human capabilities that make them rewrite textbooks on human physiology. >> i'm steve kroft. >> i'm leslie stahl. >> i'm morley safer. >> i'm bob simon. >> i'm lara logan. >> i'm scott pelley. those stories tonight on "60 minutes." my asthma's under control. i get out a lot... except when it's too cold. like the last three weekends. asthma doesn't affect my job... you missed the meeting again last week! it doesn't affect my family. your coughing woke me up again. i wish you'd take me to the park. i don't use my rescue inhaler a lot... depends on what you mean by a lot. coping with asthma isn't controlling it. test your level of control at asthma.com, then talk to your doctor. there may be more you could do for your asthma. before william hughes

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oj, veggies -- you're cool. mayo? corn dogs? you are so outta here! aah! 'cause i'm re-workin' the menu, keeping her healthy and you on your toes. [ female announcer ] the complete balanced nutrition of great-tasting ensure. 24 vitamins and minerals, antioxidants, and 9 grams of protein. i see you, cupcake! uh-oh! [ bottle ] the number one doctor recommended brand. ensure®. nutrition in charge™. >> logan: nearly two years ago in yemen, a u.s. drone operated by the c.i.a. unleashed a

hellfire missile killing one of the most wanted terrorists in the world, anwar al-awlaki. the american-born cleric had been waging holy war against his own country. because he was the first u.s. citizen targeted for death by drone, it is still one of the most controversial strikes in the campaign against al qaeda. to this day, the question of exactly how the c.i.a. zeroed in on awlaki in that distant desert land remains a mystery. some of that will be answered tonight, and as we first reported last december, you'll learn how an unlikely danish spy named morten storm managed to get inside awlaki's world and become one of his most trusted friends. and how, storm says, he helped lead that fatal missile to its target. >> anwar al-awlaki: as you send us your bombs, we will send you ours. >> logan: by the time of his death, anwar al-awlaki was at the top of the u.s. terrorist kill list.

the muslim cleric had become notorious for his fiery internet sermons that incited attacks against america. >> awlaki: jihad against america is binding upon myself, just as it is binding on every other able muslim. >> logan: awlaki had plotted with the underwear bomber, umar abdulmutallab, and he inspired nidal hasan's shooting rampage at fort hood, texas, that left 13 dead. he had become the operational leader of al qaeda in yemen and was in the midst of planning more attacks. morten storm was one of the few people awlaki trusted. what he didn't know was that storm had become a double agent working for danish intelligence and their partners, the c.i.a., who wanted awlaki dead. >> morten storm: at that moment now, anwar needed to die by any means. he needed to be stopped. that was... >> logan: even though he was your friend?

friend. he was a person i needed to get close to to stop his evil in him. >> logan: how dangerous do you think he was? >> storm: very dangerous. >> logan: the two first met in yemen in 2006 when storm, a muslim convert from denmark, was as radical as awlaki. what did you think of him the first time you met him? >> storm: very kind person. you know, his character was... how... what do you call it, a joyful character. >> logan: did you two get on well from the beginning? >> storm: from the very first minutes. >> logan: and so you became friends? >> storm: yes. i liked him because of his views of jihad, because that was my views, as well. >> logan: storm's path to extremism began in prison when he converted to islam at 21, a troubled kid with a violent past who had never found his place in the sleepy danish town where he grew up.

what would people have said about you at that time? how would they have described you? >> storm: my reputation as a young teenager, i... i could punch very hard. i used to knock out a full-grown man with one punch. so, that's... and i was known for that. >> logan: he says islam offered forgiveness and comfort in ritual, a refuge for a young man who feared his life was going nowhere. >> storm: i felt good about it, praying, as if i was cleaned. my sins had left me. >> logan: it freed you from your past. >> storm: it did, yeah, and that's what i needed. >> logan: he moved to yemen, learned arabic, took an arabic name, murad, and a muslim wife, with whom he had three children. by 9/11, he was immersed in radical islam and even named his son after osama bin laden. why would you do that? >> storm: because he was born in... just after 9/11, and osama bin laden was a hero.

he was a muslim soldier who stood up against the big satan of america. >> logan: you know, many americans listening to that would be offended? >> storm: well, i'm telling the truth. >> logan: but over the years, storm began to have doubts about his faith. as dramatic as his original conversion was, so was his break with islam. this is how he explains it: >> storm: i typed on my keyboard, on my laptop, "contradictions in the koran." that's the first time i ever done that. what i believed in for those ten years suddenly was just ripped away from me. i discovered that it was all fake. i made a decision not to be muslim. >> logan: you can't go from believing all of this for ten years to instantly not believing any of it, right? >> storm: you know... you know what? it can happen. that can actually happen.

it was a roller coaster, a emotional roller coaster. >> logan: because you were giving up everything? >> storm: yes, of course. >> logan: so you made a decision. you called danish intelligence. >> storm: i called danish intelligence. >> logan: without saying why, storm arranged to meet danish agents at a hotel in copenhagen. he was well known to them as a hard-core extremist and they'd been tracking him for years. >> storm: so they say, "oh, well, murad"-- they say because that was my muslim name-- "what would you like to eat? would you like to have fish or vegetarian food?" so i say, "no." i say, "i want something with bacon, pork," i said, "and i want a beer." ( laughter ) so... and they were, like, in disbelief looking at each other. i say, "i am no longer muslim and i want to fight the terrorists." >> logan: storm now transformed into a double agent. he says one of the most important targets he was given by the c.i.a. was his old friend, awlaki, an assignment that took him deep into the yemeni desert to meet the al qaeda leader.

>> storm: two guys came out with a.k.s. i was like "( bleep ), if they know anything about me, i'm dead now." >> logan: inside, storm says awlaki was sitting in the midst of some 30 heavily armed mujahedeen, or "holy warriors." >> storm: well, he stood up. he say, "asalaam aleykem achi," like, "peace be upon you, my brother," he say. and he walked up. he gave me a hug. and i was, like, whew. ( laughs ) >> logan: at that meeting, storm told us, awlaki drew him into his small circle of confidantes and gave him the encryption keys to his secure communications network, which he showed us. using couriers, they would now send each other flash drives with encrypted emails, photos and videos. awlaki asked storm to recruit followers and raise money for him, and he wanted something else. >> storm: he asked me if i knew any sisters who might be interesting in marrying him. >> logan: and you, of course, said?

>> storm: yeah. ( laughter ) >> logan: storm says the c.i.a. saw awlaki's request for a bride as an opening, a way to get closer to the elusive terrorist. and they eagerly signed on to a plan to find awlaki a new wife. storm went on facebook, of all places, and tried to connect with awlaki supporters. >> storm: i had no one except for a woman contacting me, saying, "do you know sheik anwar?" i said, "yeah." and then, that was aminah. >> logan: aminah, a 32-year-old croatian whose real name is irena horak, had recently converted to islam. she wrote to storm that she wanted to marry awlaki. to prove to her that he really knew the al qaeda leader, storm had awlaki send him this video, which he gave to us. >> awlaki: this recording is done specifically for sister aminah at her request, and the

brother who is carrying this recording is a trustworthy brother. >> logan: when he says, "the brother who is carrying this video is a trustworthy brother," that's you? >> storm: that's me. >> logan: awlaki, who already had two wives, wanted to see his bride-to-be. >> awlaki: if you could also do a recorded message and send it over, that would be great. >> logan: storm made two videos of aminah, which have never been broadcast before. here she is in the first. >> aminah: brother, it's me, aminah. i just taped this just to see... that you can see how i look. >> logan: and then this, a second, more revealing video of her. >> aminah: brother, this is me without the head scarf so you can see my hair. i described it to you before. so now you see me without it, and i hope you will be pleased with it. >> logan: when we looked into

aminah's past, we could find nothing to explain why this seemingly ordinary woman, who was once a champion runner and an advocate for the disabled, suddenly abandoned everything she knew and committed her life to a terrorist leader. by june 2010, she was living in yemen, in the arms of her new husband, anwar al-awlaki. why was the c.i.a. in favor of you arranging this marriage? >> storm: she would be a live bait to anwar, without a doubt. >> logan: storm says the c.i.a. hoped aminah would lead them right to awlaki, and they rewarded him with a bonus, $250,000. he was so excited, he took this photograph of the briefcase packed with $100 bills. but once aminah got to yemen, storm believes the c.i.a. lost track of her and awlaki. after he'd been missing for months, c.i.a... u.s. intelligence had no idea where he was? >> storm: no. >> logan: and you found him in four weeks? >> storm: that's correct.

>> logan: awlaki, who still had no idea storm had turned against him, sent a courier to him with a shopping list. it included bomb-making supplies. storm told us he left some of the harmless items on the list with a middleman and promised to deliver the rest later. he then arranged with awlaki for a pickup by a courier, and reported back to his handlers in denmark. >> storm: i didn't think any more about that. >> logan: until? >> storm: until, well, i read that anwar was killed. and i read how they tracked him down with-- that was my mission. >> logan: they tracked him down through a courier? >> storm: yeah. >> logan: storm read a newspaper report that quoted unnamed u.s. intelligence officials as saying they tracked awlaki through a "young courier," a description that matched the courier his middleman said had picked up the items he left for awlaki. is there any doubt in your mind at all that it was your

mission... >> storm: no. >> logan: ...that led to awlaki's death? >> storm: no. there is no doubt. >> logan: what did you think when you heard that anwar al- awlaki was dead? >> storm: it was a lot of joyment, i say, because it's good he died, anyway. it is good. >> logan: he says his joy turned to anger when he realized the c.i.a. was not going to give him any credit, or reward money, for helping to kill awlaki. instead, he learned from his danish spy masters that the c.i.a. denied it was his intelligence that led to the hit, and claimed they had a parallel operation. furious, he went to confront his c.i.a. handler at a seaside hotel in denmark. in the hotel lobby, moments before the meeting, storm switched on his phone's video recorder and slipped it into his pocket. he gave us that recording, and you can hear storm challenging

the man he claims is a c.i.a. officer, known to him as "michael." >> storm: the americans have failed in every single attempt to arrest or kill anwar awlaki, except when we went in. we just want gratitude from your government! >> logan: the american calmly tried to reassure him. >> michael: this whole thing was a team effort of which you played the highest role, okay? and it is because of that there are a lot of people in my government... >> storm: obama! ( laughs ) >> michael: i am talking about the president of the united states, okay? >> storm: yeah. >> michael: he knows you. the president of the united states doesn't know who i am, but he knows about your work. >> storm: yeah. >> michael: okay? and for that, we are thankful. >> logan: morten storm wasn't satisfied, and it was after that meeting that he decided to go public, which is why he spoke to us. we asked the c.i.a. and danish intelligence for comment, but they both declined.

by the time we met storm at a remote location in the danish countryside, awlaki's followers had vowed revenge. so you're going to spend the rest of your life looking over your shoulder? >> storm: yeah. if i try to hide every day and be scared, they have won. >> logan: storm is working on a new identity for himself and his family. so what are you going to do? >> storm: i take one day at a time. >> logan: is this what your life will be now? >> storm: it's going to be. if it's going to be short or long, i don't know. but i don't regret anything. good job! still running in the morning? yeah. getting your vegetables every day? when i can. [ bop ] [ male announcer ] could've had a v8. two full servings of vegetables for only 50 delicious calories. two full servings of vegetables license and registration please. what's this? uhh, it's my geico insurance id card, sir.

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spend $10 or more with your mastercard when you dine out and mastercard will donate up to $4 million to stand up to cancer, one precious cent at a time. >> pelley: ask wall street bankers the net worth of paul tudor jones, and they'll tell you $3.6 billion. he's one of those hedge fund managers. but ask a homeless child or a struggling family, and they'll tell you that a spreadsheet is no way to measure a man.

paul tudor jones wonders that if billionaires like him are such geniuses, then why do nearly two million people live in poverty in new york city alone? in 1988, he started a charity called the robin hood foundation. 25 years later, robin hood has given away more than one and a quarter billion dollars. as we first showed you in april, it's become the city's largest private backer of charter schools, job training and food programs. tudor jones has learned hard lessons; for a latter-day robin hood, it turns out giving to the poor is harder than he thought. and as for taking from the rich? well, he finds it's best to distract them. ♪ ♪ this looks like an arena concert, but it's a private party for the super-rich.

the robin hood foundation's annual fund raiser seats 4,000 in manhattan's convention center. >> seth myers: it's amazing who is here tonight. give yourselves a round of applause. ( applause ) it's like the 1% has its own 1%. ( laughter ) >> pelley: they laugh because it's true. billionaires, stars and athletes are here for the 22nd year to lay credit cards at the feet of paul tudor jones. >> tudor jones: brothers and sisters of robin hood, new ideas, different ideas, crazy ideas-- those are the ones that change the world. and boy, does the world outside these walls need changing. >> pelley: what do you see when you look around the city? >> tudor jones: i see people in pain, people in need, people at times without hope, looking for something that will give them some compelling future. i see too many people in

homeless shelters, on food stamps. i think a lot of us don't like to focus on it, but it's... it's a significant part of this country that needs to be addressed. >> pelley: there was a time he was focused on himself. >> is forty bid and a half? >> pelley: this is paul tudor jones in the 1980s-- age 32-- in a documentary about wall street. >> tell him more behind it. do it, do it, do it. there's more behind it! >> tudor jones: my mother told me i was going to be a preacher. i always wanted to be a millionaire or a movie director. >> pelley: so you chose millionaire? >> tudor jones: i don't know if i chose millionaire. i ultimately got to that point, yes. >> pelley: that point and far beyond. but his mother had seen something of a preacher and, months after that documentary, tudor jones caught a glimpse of it, too. it was 1986, one sunday night... >> reasoner: "millionaire with heart of gold offers hope to ghetto kids." >> pelley: harry reasoner met gene lang, a millionaire who guaranteed college tuition for every kid in one harlem class.

>> reasoner: are they good kids? do you like them? >> lang: oh, i love them. i look at them now, all of them, as an extension of my family. >> tudor jones: well, the second that program finished, i picked up the phone. i called gene lang, and i said, "i want to do what you're doing." >> pelley: you know, i'm curious what it was about that program and about where you were in your life that ignited that spark in that moment? >> tudor jones: there was probably a hole in my soul, and i didn't really know it at the time. and all of a sudden, here was this man that showed the joy of giving. so, the lesson that i learned was that there was a whole new journey in my life that was ahead of me that i had not yet even realized was there. >> pelley: so, he adopted a school, too, confident that if he showered it with money, the students would thrive. >> tudor jones: i was throwing everything in the world i could at it. i was taking them on trips every summer and providing after- school services.

we put so much time, energy and love into them. >> pelley: but he failed. after five years, the grades in his school were no better than average. >> tudor jones: i felt like i had failed a great deal of those kids. but failure, a lot of times, is the fire that forges the steel for success, right? there are going to be stops, there are going to be failures, there are going to be setbacks. but you grow from those and you get better, and it becomes transformative. >> pelley: turned out a preacher's compassion needed a little wall street ruthlessness. so, tudor jones and his friends set up robin hood to invest in poverty programs in the same hard-nosed way that they invested in businesses. their offices are filled with analysts and accountants who help the best ideas develop and measure the results without mercy. >> mary alice hannan: my relationship with robin hood has evolved over the years like mother-daughter, you know, friend and foe.

>> pelley: sister mary alice hannan's soup kitchen in the bronx had lived hand to mouth for almost a decade, and then came robin hood with an offer to invest and expand. friend and foe? >> hannan: friend and foe. i mean this in a loving way, but i loved and hated them in 30 seconds. and i'm sure they felt the same way about me. >> pelley: love was nice, but robin hood wanted data. who was being served? how many? what was the cost? did the data support expansion? and where was the nun's business plan? >> hannan: so, i'm like, "okay." >> pelley: you're just trying to get through today? >> hannan: today, right. so, the first thing was a five- year strategic plan. and i went, "ugh, all right." and it was a long, tedious experience, and it was wonderful. and we came up with all these spectacular goals, and that was really, really good. "yay, yay!" it was the follow-up of the goals that became the challenge. >> tudor jones: we started asking grantees, "what are your goals?," and then holding them accountable. and yet, at the same time, providing management expertise

and providing administrative help and legal help and help to secure buildings. so, we weren't just holding them accountable; we were helping them along the way. >> i need two on table nine, please. >> pelley: robin hood invested $5 million in the kitchen's expansion goals, and now they're serving more than twice as many as before. but when programs don't perform, robin hood takes the money back. >> tudor jones: every year, we probably de-fund 5% to 10% of our grantees-- not because the fact that they're not wonderful, not because of the fact that they're not trying real hard, but because we're not getting the results. >> pelley: you do that to 5% to 10% of your projects every year? >> tudor jones: yes, because we're always trying to find new things, and, by definition, you're going to fail at times. it's what you have to do to be at the forefront of actually finding a way to kick poverty's ass. >> pelley: recently, robin hood's board of directors met at the soup kitchen.

the personal net worth of the board adds up to $25 billion. robin hood takes all of its expenses from the board members, so 100% of donations are given to the poor, just like its namesake. >> tudor jones: if you said to me what part of our success is due to our name, i'd say it's a big part of it because it's a great name, right? it says everything. >> robin hood did it. >> pelley: is that what happens at that gala we went to? taking from the rich? you put the arm on them. >> tudor jones: but many years from now, when you look back on your life and you are at your end, would you trade those fleeting luxuries for one chance, just one chance to return to this night and to give a hundred thousand people a chance to grab their dream? >> pelley: you were shaking people by their ankles. >> tudor jones: you cannot have significance in this life if it's all about you.

you get your significance, you find your joy in life through service and sacrifice. it's pure and simple. >> pelley: big charity galas often bring in $3 million or $5 million; tudor jones took in more than $57 million this night. the money goes to about 500 projects. robin hood spent $130 million last year, with a heavy emphasis on schools. you are graduating your first class. >> jabali sawicki: hallelujah. >> good morning, sir. >> pelley: jabali sawicki is headmaster of what was a crack house, an old school in brooklyn that had been abandoned as the neighborhood collapsed. >> sawicki: it's dilapidated. it's falling down. people walk by, and they graffiti on it. that's exactly how people viewed african-american boys at the time. >> pelley: sawicki was hired by tudor jones. >> i hope that you... >> pelley: and they opened the excellence boys charter school, grades k through 8.

tudor jones believes that his experiment with that middle school in the 1980s failed because he caught the kids too late. >> tudor jones: the only way to break the cycle of poverty statistically is higher levels of education attract higher levels of income. the only way to beat poverty in america is to completely, totally transform our public education system. it's the only way. >> one school, one nation. >> pelley: now, robin hood is supporting younger kids in 80 schools. it spent $35 million turning the crack house into a crack program. they call the students here "scholars." the day is long, and they don't waste a minute. >> the square root of 49. >> pelley: not even when they're passing from one class to the next. >> i multiply by five. i divide by two. what's my answer? omari. >> 250. >> 250. correct. daniels. >> pelley: new york city's department of education tells us the excellence boys school is significantly better than

average in math and science, and slightly better in english. >> "oh, what evil." >> pelley: the boys have reached the city's top 20% even though some of them start the day in homeless shelters and others in troubled homes. there was a shooting near the school recently. how did the boys handle that? >> sawicki: a tragic event. the father of one of our scholars was murdered one block away. and to make matters even worse, two of our other scholars in the school witnessed the entire thing. >> pelley: what did you tell the boys? >> sawicki: that in 15 to 20 years, they're going to be the men that are out on the street, navigating that world. excellence symbolizes the greatest mechanism for us to create a world where no one ever has to see their father buried, or no one ever has to walk up to the casket, look into that father's closed eyes and ask,

"mommy, is he sleeping?" and we told them, "that's why we do this." >> please welcome mr. paul tudor jones. ( cheers and applause ) >> pelley: this is the graduation of the first class to go from kindergarten through the eighth grade. >> tudor jones: i want to congratulate you. >> pelley: some of them are headed to top prep schools. when you're standing up there, looking across all those faces, what are you going to see? >> tudor jones: i'm going to see, first and foremost, men of character. >> pelley: after that failure with the older kids, tudor jones is focused now on the starting line. >> tudor jones: today, we're going to blow this. the race starts after you leave this room today. are you guys ready? >> yes. >> tudor jones: i can't hear you. are you guys ready? >> yes! >> tudor jones: ready, set... ( blows whistle ) ( cheers and applause ) >> oh, nice to meet you. thank you so much for everything.

>> tudor jones: you've got to be so proud. >> i am proud. >> tudor jones: man, you got it. >> pelley: after 25 years of robin hood... >> tudor jones: y'all are fantastic! >> pelley: ...countless lives have been changed, but the city's poverty rate doesn't; it's about 20% year in and year out. if robin hood is a hedge fund for humanity, then a wall street trader would say that tudor jones is buying on the futures market, a bet that investing in young children and families will pay big dividends in the next generation. >> tudor jones: i don't think there's ever actually a point where you can say i won. it's a constant battle. i could see myself... i could see myself with the coffin lid dropping and me, still knocking on the top of it, trying to get out because i think there'll still be a war to fight. >> pelley: and more to do. >> tudor jones: and more to do. >> pelley: robin hood held this year's gala after our story first aired. the take this year? almost $81 million.

>> welcome to the cbs sports update presented by pacific life, final round of the women's the championship, reid takes her first pga title, the first winner to the tour. >> and in the southern open, nidal wins in straight sets a week before the u.s. open which you can see right here on cbs. >> rocco wins his first title ever in cincinnati, for more sports news an information go to cbs sports.com. >> this is bill mcafee reporting. ♪ ...starting a family... ♪ ...or entering a new chapter of your life. while the journey is yours, pacific life can help you protect and grow the assets you'll need along the way. to learn how, visit pacificlife.com. pacific life.

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>> simon: ever tried to hold your breath for as long as you can? most of us have. well, this is a story about people who hold their breath for a really long time and dive down to depths never even approached before. as we reported last january, the sport is called free diving, and it involves going down hundreds of feet into cold and dark waters on one single breath. it's considered an extreme sport because it's very dangerous.

it's an experimental sport because it is revealing human capabilities which had never even been imagined, forcing medical scholars to rewrite their textbooks on human physiology. it's becoming more popular every year, and our story might encourage more people to try it... or not. free diving has been around a very long time. homer and plato wrote about it. it was how the ancient greeks went down for sponges. without so much as a snorkel, they'd dive to around 100 feet. today's free divers go down a lot further for fun and sport. they want to join the sea world without disturbing it-- no tanks, no bubbles, no noise. yes, that is a shark, but it seems friendly enough. the diver, new zealander william trubridge, has become just another guy in the neighborhood. >> ten seconds.

>> simon: trubridge is also a world champion in the competitive sport of free diving. >> three, two, one... >> simon: here he is getting ready to dive 331 feet, twice the height of the statue of liberty on a single breath. >> five, six, seven... >> simon: he'll be doing this just with his arms and legs; no fins to help him. this film, with the music, was produced by his team. going down is the easy part. after 70 feet, he loses buoyancy and gets pulled down by gravity alone. ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪

♪ ♪ >> simon: he reaches his target, collects a tag to prove he got there, and goes into reverse for the hard part, getting back up. his body is craving oxygen, but he goes up slowly and gracefully, as if he were doing a water ballet. he was underwater four minutes and ten seconds. >> nose clip. look at the judges. >> simon: a new world record, 331 feet. that's 101 meters. five years ago, the record was

80 meters. ( applause ) five years ago, did anyone think it was possible to go down 100 meters? >> william trubridge: when the record was 80? i don't think so. i don't think anyone realistically thought it was going to happen, or at least not soon. >> simon: isn't there a certain limit of underwater that's just... you can't go beyond it without dying? >> trubridge: definitely, it's... it's out there, but there's no way of kind of knowing exactly where it is. it's just deeper than we are now, we know that much. >> simon: and because of free diving, scientists now know that humans are closer to dolphins than had been thought. just like dolphins, when we go into cold water, a reflex kicks in which slows down our pulse, shifts blood from our extremities to our heart and to our brain. our spleen contracts, releasing oxygen-rich blood into our arteries. is under the water a place humans belong?

free divers think so. they point out that the amniotic fluid in the womb where a fetus lives for nine months is very similar to seawater; that if a newborn is immediately submerged in a pool, it will swim the breast stroke and be able to hold its breath for 40 seconds. it will retain this ability until it learns how to walk. then, it's all over. >> tanya streeter: we're physiologically designed to hold our breath underwater. we're not designed to breathe underwater. >> simon: during her career as a free diver, tanya streeter held ten world records. she had gone down deeper than any man. the key to her success, she says, is her ability to equalize the pressure underwater so her eardrums don't burst. >> streeter: as you dive, the... the pressure of the weight of water around you increases. and it pushes your eardrums in and in and in, and you have to push air into the eustachian

tubes to be able to pop the eardrums out to equalize that pressure. i mean, it... it hurts. i've described it as an elephant sitting on my chest, stabbing hot pokers in my eardrums. >> simon: nobody would choose to do that. >> streeter: no. but, you know, you sort of find yourself there on... at that point on your journey, and realize that that's what you signed up for. so, it... it's all par for the course. ♪ ♪ >> simon: tanya and other free divers go to the remotest part of the bahamas, called long island, which is the mecca of free diving. christopher columbus put long island on the map in 1492, but you'll have trouble finding it on any tourist map today. the jet set doesn't come here because jet planes don't fly here from america or europe. there are hardly any hotels, no golf courses, no frozen margaritas. right off the beach, there is a massive limestone cavern called

dean's blue hole. it is 663 feet deep, and it is dangerous. a few days after we left, a teenager dove into the blue hole and didn't come up. his body was never found. this is where william trubridge lives and trains. for the last six months, he's led a monastic existence, getting ready to try for another world record. he wants to make it down to 410 feet on one breath, this time using a single fin. to get ready, he goes through a unique a set of exercises that he designed himself to make his body more flexible and supple, more like a dolphin. his waist here is 27 inches. then, the countdown. his wife brittany is on the platform. his parents are on the shore. the judges and safety divers are in the water; their job-- to

save him if he loses consciousness. in any other sport, a spurt of adrenaline would be a good thing. not here. tension, anxiety consume oxygen; what you need is serenity. he begins to swallow air. he is literally swallowing air, packing his lungs with more air than they could receive from breathing alone. free divers discovered this technique themselves to expand their lungs. and in his head? >> trubridge: sometimes, if i'm taking my last breath, a voice will pop into my mind saying, "this is... could be your last breath of your life," or, "you're going to die." it's kind of like the devil's advocate sitting on your shoulder who's going to think of the worst possible thing and voice that in your mind. >> simon: the devil is still

talking to you? >> trubridge: always. yeah. >> simon: his lungs are now the size of watermelons. as he descends, they will be squeezed until they're no larger than oranges. his heartbeat slows down to 27 beats a minute. his mother is counting seconds. down deep, the blue hole becomes the black hole. >> trubridge: you're alone with yourself down there at depth. even your body slips away so that it feels like you're just a kind of a speck of consciousness that's floating into the abyss. you're weightless, there's no light, no sound, and so it's almost as if you're floating in a completely empty tank. >> simon: the pressure is causing his brain to absorb more nitrogen. he is feeling light-headed, kind of drunk. it happens to all divers deep down; it's called narcosis.

suddenly, a bright light on the base plate 410 feet down. he takes the tag and begins his ascent. at 100 feet, he is joined by his safety divers. like a pod of dolphins, they guide him through the most hazardous part of the dive. running out of oxygen can cause a blackout. >> trubridge: ( grunting ) >> simon: the sound you are hearing is william expelling air from his sinuses. >> trubridge: ( grunting ) >> simon: he's made it. but for his record of 410 feet to be ratified by the judges, he needs to perform three simple tasks when he gets to the surface---- take his goggles off, give the okay sign with his fingers, and say i'm okay, in that precise order.

sounds simple, but william's brain isn't working. he does these things in the wrong order. the judges disqualify him. >> linden wolbert: he took off the nose clip, made the sign, and said "i'm okay" without removing his goggles. >> simon: boy, oh, boy. he had just been down a quarter of a kilometer. >> wolbert: that's correct. >> simon: he did goggles in the wrong order and it cost him his record. >> wolbert: it did. >> simon: it sounds like a technicality, but he has to prove that his mind is as tough as his body. you got there. you got... you got deeper than anyone has ever gotten before. >> trubridge: yeah. yeah. >> simon: and then, you took your mask off and said okay in the wrong order, and it was all for nothing. >> trubridge: yeah. >> simon: and you're smiling. >> trubridge: i feel good because i... i know i can... i can do it again-- maybe it might not be for a while, but i can definitely do that depth. >> simon: but you did feel narcosis? >> trubridge: yeah.

>> simon: tanya streeter had a close call with severe narcosis ten years ago. she was doing what's called "no limits" diving, going down in a weighted device, which moves fast and goes down deeper than most world war ii-era submarines. this is tanya at 525 feet, deeper than anyone had ever gone. she blew a kiss to the ocean. but then she became disoriented. it took her 17 agonizing seconds to remember she had to pull a pin. any longer and she might have stayed down there forever. but with experiences like this, why go down at all? >> streeter: it's just a little bit difficult for people to fathom, if you excuse the pun, but it's... it's what i love to do. you know, it's... it's a common phrase in free diving-- "we

don't dive to look around us, we dive to look within ourselves." it's a journey of self exploration. >> simon: what can you possibly be exploring in your own mind when your ears hurt and you're out of breath and it's dark and, you know, it's dangerous? >> streeter: i want to know what i've got. i want to know what i'm made of. >> simon: when we watched this, we thought about other sports-- running, climbing, boxing, swimming. they've all been essential for the survival of the human race. but descending into blackness where there's no air? yet, free diving is becoming more popular every year. >> go to 60minutesovertime.com to explore the mysterious blue hole through the eyes of our team. sponsored by pfizer. ple physic. a body at rest tends to stay at rest... while a body in motion tends to stay in motion. staying active can actually ease arthritis symptoms.

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ah! woof. some things will. save up to 20% on an ikea kitchen. >> pelley: now, an update on a story we first reported way back in 1987, a story we called "wright is wrong?" the story questioned whether the wright brothers were actually the first people to fly a plane. our late colleague harry reasoner went to kitty hawk, north carolina, and the wright brothers monument. >> reasoner: nobody is arguing that wilbur and orville did it, but there are some folks in connecticut who say this ought to be the whitehead monument and it ought to be in bridgeport. >> pelley: bridgeport, connecticut, is where researchers say gustave whitehead first flew his

now, based on new evidence, the aeronautical journal "jane's all the world's aircraft," has officially recognized whitehead as first in flight, and the connecticut legislature has done the same. i'm scott pelley. we'll be back next week with another edition of "60 minutes." captioning funded by cbs, and ford-- built for the road ahead. hi mom. how was school today? [ girls ] good. ♪ thank you. [ package crackles, footsteps depart ] ♪ phew. [ ernie ] we make our cookies the way only keebler elves can: with a little something extra. and now, introducing keebler simply made cookies, made with the same ingredients you find in your kitchen. they're simply scrumptious. and oh-so-uncommonly good.

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