captioning funded by cbs and ford >> kroft: that's the apartment. >> right, that corner on the third floor. >> kroft: the apartment belonged to boston mobster and longtime fugitive whitey bulger, then the most wanted man in america. bulger eluded the fbi for 14 years by hiding in plain sight in santa monica, california. tonight, you'll hear from the agents who finally caught him, with some help from an alley cat and his girlfriend's breast implants. >> we just rushed him. >> kroft: guns out, "fbi. don't move"? >> i asked him to identify himself, and that didn't go over well. he asked me to "f"-ing identify myself. and i asked him, "are you whitey bulger?" and he said yes. >> i volunteered. i don't blame nothing on anybody. i don't blame nothing on myself, i don't blame nothing on my leaders. in fact, i had good leaders.

>> pelley: we've seen a lot of stories about veterans and post- traumatic stress disorder, but tonight, for the first time, we're able to show you new therapies that are changing the lives of vets and their families. after eight weeks here, how are you doing? >> how am i doing? i don't know yet. that's an honest answer. but i know deep down inside, things will work themselves out. >> people assume, when my hair is long, that i'm a lot cooler than i actually am. i'm not opposed to this misconception. >> cooper: malcolm gladwell is a best-selling author who has made a career by challenging conventional wisdom. in his new book, he questions history, business, sports, even the wisdom of sending your kid to an ivy league school. >> if harvard is $60,000, and university of toronto, where i went to school, is maybe $6,000, so you're really telling me that

education is ten times better at harvard than it is at university of toronto? that seems ridiculous to me. >> i'm steve kroft. >> i'm lesley stahl. >> i'm morley safer. >> i'm lara logan. >> i'm anderson cooper. >> i'm scott pelley. those stories tonight on "60 minutes."

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almost nothing that was memorable. and they would be of absolutely no interest, if it weren't for the fact that charlie gasko turned out to be james "whitey" bulger, the notorious boston gangster and longtime fugitive, who is just beginning to serve two lifetime sentences. carol gasko was actually catherine greig, whitey's longtime girlfriend and caregiver. the story of how they managed to elude an international manhunt for so long while hiding in plain sight is interesting. and tonight, you'll hear it from the gasko's neighbors and, for the first time, from the federal agents who finally unraveled the case, with the help of a boob job and an alley cat. if you were forced into retirement, with a comfortable nest egg and a desire to be left completely alone, there is no place better place than santa monica, california. this low key, seaside suburb of l.a. is shared by transients and tourists, hippies and hedonists, celebrities and lots of senior citizens attracted to the climate and an abundance of

inexpensive, rent-controlled apartments just a few blocks from the ocean. places like the princess eugenia on third street, which is where charlie and carol gasko, a childless couple from chicago, lived for 14 years without attracting much attention from longtime neighbors or landlords. what were they like? >> josh bond: they were, like, the nice retired old couple that lived in the apartment next to me. >> kroft: good tenants? >> bond: excellent tenants. never complained, always paid rent on time. >> kroft: in cash. >> bond: in cash. >> kroft: janus goodwin lived down the hall. >> janus goodwin: they had nothing. and they never went out. they never had food delivered. she never dressed nicely. >> kroft: you thought they were poor? >> goodwin: yes, without a doubt. >> kroft: the one thing everyone remembers about the gaskos is that they loved animals and always made a fuss over the ones in the neighborhood. barbara gluck remembers that carol gasko always fed a stray cat after its owner had died. >> barbara gluck: she would pet

it, you know, and be sweet to it, and then she put a plate of food, like, out here. >> kroft: she liked the cat? >> gluck: obviously. she loved the cat. we all liked the cat, but she was taking care of the cat. >> kroft: and what about charlie gasko? >> gluck: you know, he always had a hat on and dark glasses. i have to say it was mysterious to me why a lovely woman like that was hanging out with that guy, that old grumpy man. i could never figure that one out. until i heard they had 800,000- something dollars in the wall. ( laughter ) and then i went, "oh, okay," you know? >> kroft: money wasn't the only thing found in the gaskos' apartment on june 22, 2011, when the fbi stopped by and ended what it called the most extensive manhunt in the bureau's history. >> scott garriola: weapons all over the apartment. i mean, weapons by his nightstand, weapons under the windowsill. shotguns, mini-rugers, rifles.

>> kroft: loaded? >> garriola: loaded, ready to go. >> kroft: what had started out as a routine day for special agent scott garriola, who was in charge of hunting fugitives in l.a., would turn into one of the most interesting days of his career. after getting a call to stake out a building in santa monica, he notified his back up team with the l.a.p.d. >> garriola: i had four guys working that day, and i said, "we got a tip on whitey bulger, and i'll see you there in about an hour." and invariably the texts return, "who's whitey bulger?" >> kroft: really? >> garriola: yeah, a few of them. so i had to remind them... gently remind them who whitey bulger was. >> kroft: that he was number one of the fbi's most wanted list. >> garriola: number... number one. number one, yeah. big east coast figure, but... so, on the west coast, not so much. >> kroft: the cops in l.a. were focused on gangbangers and cartel members, not some retired irish mobster who hadn't been spotted in 16 years. but then, few mobsters have ever been as infamous in a city as whitey bulger was in boston, and his reputation was for more than

just being grumpy. besides extortion and flooding the city with cocaine, bulger routinely performed or ordered executions, some at close range, some with a hail of bullets, and at least one by strangulation, after which, it's said, he took a nap. special agent rich teahan, who ran the fbi's whitey bulger fugitive task force, had heard it all. >> rich teahan: bulger was charged with 19 counts of murder. he was charged with other crimes. he was a scourge to the society in south boston, his own community. >> kroft: he was also a scourge to the fbi, and a great source of embarrassment to teahan, special agent phil torsney, and others on the fbi task force. years earlier, whitey bulger had infiltrated the boston office of the fbi and bought off agents, who protected him and plied him with information, including the tip that allowed bulger to flee just days before he was to be indicted. >> phil torsney: we really had to catch this guy to establish

credibility after all the other issues. and it was just a matter of bringing this guy back to boston, to make sure this guy didn't die or get away with this thing. >> kroft: when torsney, who's now retired, and agent tommy macdonald joined the task force in 2009, the joke was bulger was on the fbi's "least wanted list." there hadn't been a credible lead in more than a decade. and their efforts in bulger's old neighborhood of south boston were met with mistrust and ridicule. >> torsney: some people, they told us right out front, "you guys aren't looking for that guy." people just made the assumption we had him stashed somewhere. i mean, people really thought that kind of thing. >> tommy macdonald: despite that mindset that "we're not going to help you," the fbi still got it done. >> kroft: took 16 years. >> macdonald: took 16 years. yeah, this was not a typical fugitive. >> kroft: the fbi says bulger had planned his getaway years in advance, with money set aside and a fake identity for a "thomas baxter." during his first two years on the lam, bulger was in touch with friends and family

shuttling between new york, chicago, and the resort town of grand isle, louisiana, where he rented a home until his identity was compromised. after that, it seemed as if bulger had disappeared from the face of the earth, except for the alleged sightings all over the world. how many of these tips do you think might have been true? >> torsney: boy, there was thousands and thousands of tips, and i think... i don't think that any of them were true. >> kroft: one of the obstacles was there were really no good photographs of bulger or his longtime live-in girlfriend catherine greig, a former dental hygienist. the fbi often noted that the couple shared a love of animals, especially dogs and cats, and asked veterinarians to be on the lookout. there were reports that greig once had breast implants and other plastic surgery in boston, so the task force reached out to physicians. eventually, they got a call from a dr. matthias donelan, who had located her files in storage. >> macdonald: i was trying to

leave the office a little early to catch one of my kids' ballgames. and i said, "well, listen, i'm going to swing by in the morning and pick those up." and they said to me, "do you want the photos, too?" and i said, "you have photos?" and they said, "yeah, we have photos." i said, "we'll be there in 15 minutes." >> kroft: the breast implant lead produced a treasure trove of high resolution catherine greig photographs that would help crack the case. the fbi decided to switch strategies, going after the girlfriend in order to catch the gangster. >> this is an announcement by the fbi... >> kroft: the fbi created this public service announcement. >> 60-year-old greig is the girlfriend of 81-year-old bulger. >> kroft: it ran it in 14 markets on daytime talk shows, aimed at women. >> call the tip line at 1-800-call-fbi. >> kroft: and it didn't take long. the very next morning, the bulger task force got three messages from someone that used to live in santa monica, and was 100% certain that charlie and carol gasko, apartment 303 at the princess eugenia apartments,

were the people they were looking for. the descriptions and the age difference matched, and deputy u.s. marshall neil sullivan, who handled the lead, said there was another piece of tantalizing information. >> neil sullivan: the tipster specifically described that they were caring for this cat and their love for this cat. so that was just one piece of the puzzle on the tip that just added up to saying, "if this isn't them, it's something we better check out immediately because it sure sounds like them." a search of the fbi's computer database for the gaskos raised another red flag-- not for what it found, but for what it didn't. >> sullivan: basically, like, they were ghosts >> kroft: no driver's license... >> sullivan: exactly. no driver's license, no california i.d., like they didn't exist. >> kroft: that's the apartment. >> garriola: right, that corner on the third floor. >> kroft: on the right-hand side? >> garriola: yep. >> kroft: by early afternoon, fbi agent scott gariolla had set up a number of surveillance posts, and had already met with apartment manager josh bond to talk about his tenants. >> bond: he closed the door, threw down a folder and opened

it up and said, "are these the people that live in apartment 303?" >> kroft: did you say anything when you saw the pictures? >> bond: my initial reaction was, "holy ( bleep )." >> kroft: you're living next door to a gangster. >> bond: well, i still didn't really know who he was. >> kroft: but it didn't take him long to figure it out. while the fbi was mulling its options, bond logged on to bulger's wikipedia page. >> bond: and i'm kind of scrolling down. it's like, "oh, wow, this guy's serious." it's, like, murders and extortion. and then, i get to the bottom and there's this... this thing. it's like, from one of his old, you know, people saying, "well, the last time i saw him, he... he said, you know, when he goes out, he's... he's going to have guns and he's going to be ready to take people with him. i was like, "ooh, maybe i shouldn't be involved in this." ( laughs ) >> kroft: i mean, we were sitting here laughing about it, but he is a pretty serious guy. >> bond: yeah, yeah. >> kroft: and he killed a lot of people, or had them killed >> bond: i didn't know that at the time. >> kroft: bond told the fbi he wasn't going to knock on the gasko's door, because there was a note posted expressly asking people not to bother them. carol had told the neighbors

that charlie was showing signs of dementia. >> garriola: so we were back there... >> kroft: so, garriola devised a ruse involving the gaskos' storage locker in the garage. >> garriola: it had the name "gasko" across it and "apartment 303." >> kroft: he had the manager call to tell them their locker had been broken into, and that he needed someone to come down to see if anything was missing. carol gasko said her husband would be right down. >> garriola: we just rushed him. >> kroft: you mean guns out? "fbi, don't move!" >> garriola: gave the words, "hey, fbi," you know. "get your hands up." hands went up right away. and then, at that moment, we told him get down on his knees and he gave us... yeah, he gave us a "i ain't getting down on my f'ing knees." >> kroft: didn't want to get his pants dirty. >> garriola: didn't want to get his pants dirty. you know, wearing white and seeing the oil on the ground, i guess he didn't want to get down in oil. >> kroft: even at 81, this was a man used to being in control. >> garriola: i asked him to identify himself and that didn't go over well. he asked me to "f"-ing identify myself, which i did. and i asked him, i said, "are you whitey bulger?"

he said, "yes." just about that moment, someone catches my attention from a few feet away by the elevator shaft. >> kroft: it was janus goodwin from the third floor, coming to do her laundry. >> goodwin: and i said, "excuse me. i think i can help you. this man has dementia, so if he's acting oddly, you know, that could be why." >> garriola: immediately, what flashed through my mind is, "oh, my god, i just arrested an 81- year-old man with alzheimer's who thinks he's whitey bulger. what is he going to tell me next, he's elvis?" so i said, "do me a favor. this woman over here says you have a touch of alzheimer's, and he said, "don't listen to her, she's "f"-ing nuts." he says, "i'm james bulger." >> kroft: a few minutes later he confirmed it, signing a consent form allowing the fbi to search his apartment. >> garriola: as he's signing, he says, "that's the first time i've signed that name in a long time." >> kroft: there was a sense of resignation? >> garriola: i don't think he had it. i did ask him, i said, "hey, whitey," i said, "aren't you relieved that you don't have to look over your shoulder anymore and, you know, it's come to an end?" and he said, "are you ( bleep )

nuts?" ( laughs ) >> kroft: but, in some ways, whitey bulger and catherine greig had already been prisoners in apartment 303, which appeared to be a mixture of the murderous and the mundane. alongside the weapons and all the money, they had stockpiled a lifetime supply of cleansers, creams, and detergents. the fbi took special interest in a collection of 64-ounce bottles with white socks stretched over the top. >> garriola: i said, "hey whitey, what are these? are these some kind of molotov cocktail you're making?" he goes, "no," he said, "i buy tube socks from the 99 cents store, and they're too tight on my calves and that's the way i stretch them out." i said, "why you shopping at the 99 cent store? you have half a million dollars under your bed." he goes, "i had to make the money last." >> kroft: it's been said that one of the reasons it took so long to catch whitey bulger is that people were looking for a gangster, and bulger, whether he liked it or not, had ceased to be one. >> torsney: he said it was hard to keep up that mindset of a criminal. and that's part of the reason he

came down to that garage. he said, if he was on his game, you know, 15, 20, 30 years ago, he probably would have sensed something there. it was hard to stay on that edge, that criminal edge, after being on the lam as a regular citizen for 15 years. >> kroft: the master manipulator gave credit to catherine greig for keeping him crime-free, hoping it would mitigate her sentence. she is now serving eight years for harboring a fugitive. on the long plane ride back to boston, bulger told his captors that he became obsessed with not getting caught, and would do anything to avoid it, even if it meant obeying the law. whitey bulger's biggest fear, they said, was being discovered dead in his apartment and he had a plan to avoid it. >> torsney: if he became ill and knew he was on his deathbed, he'd go down to arizona, crawl down in the bottom of one of these mines, and die and decompose. and hope.. hope that we would never find him and still be looking... looking for him forever.

>> cbs money watch update sponsored by: >> glor: good evening. the nuclear deal gives iran access to $4 billion in frozen oil revenue, but it's not allowed any new sales. japan airlines is pulling airliners from two routes because of an engine icing problem. and online gambling is legal in new jersey as of tuesday. i'm jeff glor, cbs news.

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♪ paying ourselves to do what we love? >> pelley: we've seen a lot of stories about veterans and post -traumatic stress disorder, but tonight, for the first time, we're able to show you new

therapies that are changing the lives of vets and their families. two million americans have served in afghanistan and iraq. the veterans administration tells us that one out of five suffers from p.t.s.d. one reason we're seeing so much of it is because many of our troops have been ordered on combat tours three, four, or even five times. the v.a., overwhelmed by the need, decided to try new treatments that were originally designed for rape victims. over two months, we were allowed to sit in and listen as our troubled veterans fought the war within. >> how can you live the life when everyone is afraid of you? you go to town and people say, "that's the crazy vet. don't mess with him." >> my wife told me, "something's got to change or we got to leave." >> anthony apellido: when you try to talk to somebody that hasn't been there, hasn't experienced it, they don't understand.

and so you just kind of get laughed at. >> pelley: the 16 men around this table arrived via afghanistan, iraq, or both. some are here from vietnam. >> i see that i do have the opportunity to pick myself up at 63 years old and start all over again. >> pelley: they've started over again many times, but their path has led back to isolation, drugs, booze, and suicide attempts. now, they're in the v.a. hospital in little rock, arkansas, where they will live for eight weeks to break through the emotions that have derailed their lives. >> eric collins: depression, anxiety, anger, worthlessness, guilt. >> pelley: guilt? >> collins: survivor's guilt. "why me? why am i alive? why are they not?"

that's one of the hardest thoughts to deal with, you know? >> pelley: eric collins was wounded in a rocket attack in afghanistan. over a year, 17 of his buddies died. how did you cope with these feelings of anger and depression and guilt when you first got out? >> collins: alcohol, and lots of it. that's where it started off. and the alcohol led to my depression worsening, which led to more substance abuse. crack cocaine is my drug of choice. so my whole life spiraled downward out of control. >> pelley: to take control, collins volunteered for one of the new therapies called prolonged exposure. it forces him to work at remembering every detail of what he's tried to forget. >> collins: next thing, i hear a loud boom, my ears start

ringing. and i wake up, open my eyes and i'm on the ground. >> pelley: dr. kevin reeder runs the program. >> dr. kevin reeder: how are you feeling at this point? what were you... what were you feeling at that time? >> collins: anger. i'm scared. i'm feeling pain-- my leg, my back, my arm, my whole body. >> reeder: okay, let's go from the beginning. got to keep doing this. >> collins: the next thing i know, i hear a loud boom... >> pelley: they call it prolonged exposure because collins will relive the story of the attack five times a session. there's a tape running, and he'll listen to his memory throughout the day to break its power. tell me about prolonged exposure therapy. >> reeder: sure. they've done everything they can to push these memories away. in the process, they haven't gained a full realization of the

impact and the meaning that these stories have on their lives. i like to use the term, "we're staring the dragon in the eye." >> pelley: where do these therapies come from? >> reeder: a lot of these therapies came about with survivors of physical or sexual abuse, those types of traumas. >> pelley: what are the similarities? >> reeder: the symptoms. the symptoms-- the avoidance, the isolation, the hyper- vigilance, extreme anxiety, the irritability, inability to sleep, nightmares-- same thing; different sources, but same thing. >> collins: i can't move my legs, can't move my arms... >> pelley: what does that do for you? >> collins: it helps me to get past the guilt, survivor's guilt. and that's a building block. every time i get through it, i get stronger and it helps every time. >> pelley: it's okay to be alive? >> collins: yeah. >> pelley: and you weren't sure that was true before? >> collins: no, i didn't want to be alive. i wanted to... i wanted to be right there with them.

my whole purpose of life was gone. >> apellido: to lose one of your buddies in a firefight, you don't want to see that, you don't want to feel that again. and so, when you get back to the rear, you're pissed off because you don't want to get close to anybody anymore. >> pelley: anthony apellido experienced those multiple tours we talked about. he fought for a year in afghanistan, spent one month at home, then went to iraq, and later, afghanistan again. >> apellido: the more deployments you get, the more time you spend out there, it just keeps on stacking. i mean, the first one, it hurts, but you don't get really time to heal. and then, another one happens and another one. >> pelley: on his first tour, apellido's patrol was ambushed. two buddies died and 20 were wounded.

>> apellido: i had no weapon, no one had my back... >> pelley: they write about days like that in the other key therapy here called cognitive processing. >> reeder: after a trauma or multiple traumas, often, a person can believe the world just is a dangerous place. and so what we do with cpt, cognitive processing therapy, is they write an impact statement at the beginning of therapy to show them the impact of the trauma on their lives and on their beliefs. >> pelley: they read that statement about the trauma to the group, and then they discuss how their lives are still held in the grip of war. >> gable darbonne: i never had a fear of life. i never had a fear of living. i never had a fear of going to the gas station and getting shot while i'm pumping gas because i needed gas in my car. >> pelley: they plow through a workbook that challenges their guilt with statements like, "i shot a woman in combat, therefore, i'm worthless" or "my friend was killed by the enemy. i'm responsible."

cognitive processing tries to put the war in the past and help them re-examine who they are today. it's tough. we noticed this on apellido's workbook. >> reeder: how many of you would go back to a deployed environment with your branch of service right now if that opportunity was available to you? lot of hands up. real quick, why are your hands going up so much? >> darbonne: you miss everything about how hard it was, how bitter you got, how angry and emotional, the things you saw. and you missed that camaraderie, that brotherhood, your buddies, the struggling with things. man, you... it's everything, but you miss it. you mourn that. it's weird. it's that intimacy. it's... you don't... i will never get that back. none of us will ever get that back. >> pelley: gable darbonne never planned to be part of that brotherhood he mentioned. in 2001, he was out of high school, headed to college. but then 9/11 pushed him to an

army recruiter instead. >> darbonne: my mom, she was crying in the kitchen. she goes, "gable, you don't know what it's like for boys coming back from vietnam, how hard they had it and what they came back with." i said, "mom, it's different, though. we got attacked. we got attacked." i said, "i'm volunteering." i said, "i'll take anything." you know, "i'm willing to give my life." that's how strongly i felt. >> pelley: darbonne was one of the most thoughtful people we met. he served in afghanistan and iraq. one day, his unit was clearing a house. it exploded and two buddies were burned. >> darbonne: you know, we got angry, got mad. we get very angry, and we took it out on certain people, you know, and you enjoyed it at the time. you did. >> pelley: you did things to the iraqis that you're not proud of. >> darbonne: of course, but that was surviving emotionally,

mentally. i was never a violent man. i became different, slowly. we all have that instinct, that survival instinct, and that survival instinct is very real. >> pelley: at home, the survival instinct didn't let go. darbonne was like most other vets here; certain triggers brought the instinct back-- the smell of diesel returned him to his combat outpost, crowds made him fearful. >> darbonne: i started isolating, and i couldn't do anything. my dad had to come over and mow my lawn. my mom had to come over and pay my bills. i just... i wouldn't leave my house for a day or two. i didn't want to make small talk. i didn't want somebody to ask me, "hey, how you doing?" i didn't like those words, you know? i just, i got very secluded, like a recluse. >> pelley: for nine years, darbonne told himself he was okay or would be okay. and then, the folks at work urged him to get help.

this was darbonne after seven weeks of self-examination, as they all prepared to go home. >> darbonne: when i went in, i had a heart, i volunteered. i don't blame nothing on anybody. i don't blame nothing on myself, i don't blame nothing on my leaders. in fact, i had good leaders. i blame nothing on the army. i think it is just the way it is, and it sucks. i hate it, i hate it. i don't want to go home. people would always ask me when i came back, "so, what do i tell my boyfriend when he comes back?" or, "how do i approach this with my son?" i said, "when he starts talking, just listen. yeah, don't... don't judge it.

you know, just listen." >> pelley: there is probably a soldier or a marine sitting alone, watching this on television right now. >> collins: thousands of them, i'd imagine. >> pelley: and to them, you would say what? >> collins: i hope you can find the courage to get help, because all you're doing is killing yourself. and you don't have to live like that. there is good people in this world that are willing to help you. and it's been the hardest thing for me to do, but i wouldn't have changed coming here for the world. >> pelley: in our two months here, 28 men sat around the table. three couldn't endure it and dropped out. the v.a. finds that, nationwide, about 77% graduate with a drop in their p.t.s.d. symptoms. it's progress, but they also have a saying around here--

"there is no cure." >> reeder: i don't think there is a cure for what we're talking about. we're talking about living and putting people more in touch with their lives and emotions and good days and bad days. this isn't cancer, we can't go get it. we have to teach people that they can live with this and live a valued life, a life they want. >> pelley: after eight weeks here, how you doing? >> darbonne: how am i doing? i don't know yet. that's an honest answer. but i know deep down inside, things will work themselves out. >> the therapies in our story are available at v.a. hospitals now. go to 60minutesovertime.com to learn about them and to hear why these veterans let our cameras into their lives. as your life changes, fidelity is there

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>> cooper: everyone loves an underdog, a tale about a little guy who takes on the establishment favorite. but is our understanding of the underdog accurate? can a disadvantage, a weakness, actually lead to a hidden strength? it's a question that's been asked ever since david took on goliath, an almost 3,000-year- old story that writer malcolm gladwell believes we've been getting wrong all this time. >> malcolm gladwell: when we look at battles between lopsided parties, we exaggerate the strength of the favorite and we underestimate the strength of the underdog. >> cooper: malcolm gladwell believes underdogs win more often than we think because their limitations can force them to be creative. david couldn't slay goliath with a sword, but with his sling, he

could be deadly from a distance. and gladwell says there's plenty of modern research to explain why. >> gladwell: i had a conversation with this ballistics expert with the israeli defense force who had done the math and pointed out that the projectile, the rock coming from david's sling, was moving at about 35 meters per second, and would have hit goliath with the stopping power equivalent to a bullet from a .45 caliber handgun. >> cooper: how did you find an israeli ballistics expert who had done this study on the throwing power of david? >> gladwell: because there was a paper presented at the international ballistics conference, like, seven years ago, whatever, by... >> cooper: how... how did you even hear about the international ballistics conference? >> gladwell: if you're as much of a nerd as i am, this is the kind of stuff that you... you get interested in, you know. >> cooper: this is what you do. >> gladwell: this is what i do, yeah. >> cooper: what gladwell does has made him hugely popular and very wealthy. his new book, "david and goliath"-- all about underdogs-- has already topped the "new york times" best-seller list.

>> gladwell: when you're an underdog, you're forced to try things you would never otherwise have attempted. because david... there was no way he could do a duel with swords, he feels emboldened to try something totally outside the box, right? and that's a pattern that you see again and again with underdogs that, because they can't do the thing they are required to do, they look for alternate routes. >> cooper: gladwell began writing about the successful strategies of underdogs after meeting an indian-born software mogul named vivek ranadiveé. what interested gladwell wasn't software, but how ranadiveé coached his 12-year-old daughter's basketball team, seen here in white, even though ranadiveé knew nothing about the game. growing up in india, did you play basketball? >> vivek ranadivé: i never actually touched a basketball in my life. >> cooper: never touched one? >> ranadivé: never touched one. when i went to coach my daughter's team, i had physically never touched a basketball. >> cooper: his lack of knowledge about basketball wasn't his only obstacle. his daughter's team had absolutely no talent.

the girls on your basketball team, they weren't tall. >> ranadivé: no. >> cooper: could they dribble? >> ranadivé: a couple of them. >> cooper: could they shoot? >> ranadivé: not very well. >> cooper: did they have a long experience playing basketball? >> ranadivé: for the most part, no. >> cooper: so ranadiveé relied n his mathematics talent and devised a computer algorithm that turned out to be a winning formula for his girls. the strategy-- force the other team to turn over the ball. >> gladwell: he says, "look, i'm not... we're not going to bother practicing shooting, it's pointless. we're not going to practice dribbling. i'm going to teach you to run around like this the entire game. we're going to play the most maniacal defense known to man. and we're going to score by stealing the ball and shooting lay-ups. that's it." >> ranadivé: it didn't really matter that my girls couldn't shoot as well. if i could get the ball under the basket and if i could win the turnover battle, then i could win the game. >> cooper: ranadiveé's girls played a never-ending full court press.

they won every regular season game. your daughter's opponents, they just weren't used to playing basketball like this. >> ranadivé: no. no. i... in fact, their coaches were not used to playing that way. >> cooper: they didn't like it. >> ranadivé: they didn't like it. one guy, a big guy, was so upset that he said he wanted to meet me in the parking lot after the game. >> cooper: he wanted to beat you up? >> ranadivé: well, he wanted to meet me in the parking lot. ( laughter ) >> cooper: ranadiveé's underdogs made it all the way to the state championships. you clearly started to like basketball after that? >> ranadivé: i did. i did. i ended up falling in love with the game. >> cooper: and you're still a software c.e.o. of a multi- billion dollar company. but i understand you recently made a big purchase? >> ranadivé: well, i did. i bought the sacramento kings. >> cooper: you bought an nba basketball team? >> ranadivé: i did. >> cooper: an underdog's disadvantages can be converted into advantages, and gladwell believes that's just as true apart from sports. gary cohn is one of gladwell's favorite examples.

>> gary cohn: i was a troubled student as a young child. and at that period-- this is the early '60s-- the world of dyslexia hadn't been as developed as it is today. you know, i don't think anyone really knew how to diagnose the problem. >> gladwell: he couldn't do school. he acted up in class. he got kicked out of schools. his mother never thought he would graduate from high school. when he graduated from high school, his mother cried. why? because it... it was a day she thought would never come. >> cooper: cohn still has difficulty reading, but he's figured out ways to work around his disability, skills that have led him all the way to the president's office at goldman sachs. >> gladwell: an incredibly high percentage of successful entrepreneurs are dyslexic. that's one of the little-known facts. so many of them, in fact, it's like a joke among dyslexic researchers that you go into a room of very successful businesspeople, and you... you have a show of hands on who has a learning disability, it's like half the hands in the room go up. it's fascinating.

>> cooper: although dyslexia remains a challenge for many people, cohn figured out a way to overcome it. his disability forced him to become a good listener and made him unafraid to take chances. >> cohn: people that can't read well, we tend to build a great sense of listening. we also tend to build a great sense of being able to deal and cope with failure. >> cooper: this is not something, though, you would wish on anybody else? >> cohn: no, i would not. >> cooper: gladwell is fascinated with people who achieve success by forging their own path, perhaps because that's what he has done. he is a staff writer for the "new yorker" magazine, but he doesn't actually have an office. he writes in small cafes in new york, and does most of his research in a library where he hunts out obscure, often dull academic papers and mines them for interesting, counterintuitive ideas. david remnick, editor of the "new yorker," calls him an original. >> david remnick: there are people that cover science. there are people that cover business. there are people that cover trends. but this strange amalgam of

reading academic journals, interviewing ordinary people, thinking, storytelling, this is something that malcolm really... that was a territory that he carved out for himself. >> cooper: what do you think he's interested in achieving? is it that he's got an opinion and he wants everybody else to agree with it? >> remnick: absolutely just the opposite. i think what he's interested in is testing and pressing against received wisdom. most of the time, what we think of our ideas about the world, it's received wisdom. we've read them. we've assumed it's correct. we don't have time to test everything. >> cooper: gladwell's testing of everything has made him a goliath in the world of publishing, but he began as an underdog. not a particularly strong student, his upbringing in rural ontario, canada, was, well, a bit odd. >> gladwell: we had no tv, we had no stereo. we never went to the movies. we never even went out to dinner.

like, i think we... like we once went out to dinner in... like, in sort of the mid-'70s. found the experience not to our liking and didn't go back. >> cooper: not to your liking. ( laughter ) i mean, what you're what you're describing is a childhood from the '30s. >> gladwell: i thought i had... no, i had... i read a lot of books. i thought i had a fabulous childhood. i mean, when i would sometimes get bored, and my mother would say it's important to be bored. you're giving your brain a rest. >> cooper: his jamaican-born mother is a family therapist, his english father a math professor. gladwell says being biracial and feeling like an outsider has given him a perspective that still informs his writing. >> gladwell: we lived in england. then, we moved to canada, where we were sort of outsiders. and then i moved to america, where i'm a kind of outsider. so i feel like i've constantly been in this situation of shaking my head and thinking, "this is a strange place." >> cooper: gladwell finds america's obsession with ivy league colleges strange. >> gladwell: you moron! >> cooper: he argues the presumed advantages of ivy league schools can actually be disadvantages.

gladwell went to the university of toronto and says he's better off for it. >> gladwell: i have a massive chip on my shoulder. i went to a state school in canada. you kidding me? i come to new york, and all kinds of people who went to harvard and yale are mentioning that in every second sentence. it drives me crazy, so... so i have taken it upon myself... >> cooper: i went to yale. >> gladwell: i know that, but you haven't mentioned it until now, so i've... >> cooper: i never mention it. i really don't. he says the assumption in america that students should go to the most prestigious school they get in to is simply wrong. >> gladwell: if you go to an elite school, where the other students in your class are all really brilliant, you run the risk of mistakenly believing yourself to not be a good student, right? >> cooper: even if... >> gladwell: even if you are. right? it doesn't... if you're last in your class at harvard, it doesn't feel like you're a good student, even though you really are. it's not smart for everyone to want to go to a great school. >> cooper: so if you had a child, would you want them to go to harvard? >> gladwell: no, of course not. i'd want them to go to school in... to a state school in

canada where their tuition would be $4,000 a year. if harvard is $60,000 and university of toronto, where i went to school, is maybe $6,000, so you're really telling me that an education is ten times better at harvard than it is at university of toronto? that seems ridiculous to me. >> cooper: he doesn't like to talk about money, but gladwell earns millions from his books and lectures. in person, however, there is little sign of his wealth. he lives alone in greenwich village on the top two floors of a walk-up brownstone. a self-described hermit, he doesn't even have a doorbell. >> gladwell: i don't want a doorbell. i don't want anyone ringing my doorbell. why... why... seems to be so intrusive. >> cooper: so when people come visit, what do they do? >> gladwell: they call me on their cell phone. >> cooper: for all his success, on the streets of new york, he's nearly invisible, save for his signature cloud of curls bobbing above the crowd. >> gladwell: people assume, when my hair is long, that i'm a lot cooler than i actually am. i'm not opposed to this misconception, by the way, but it is a misconception.

thank you for buying six books! >> cooper: at 50, malcolm gladwell has reached a level of success few writers ever will. his previous four books have sold nearly five million copies. his first one, "the tipping point," was published 13 years ago, but remains on the "new york times" best-seller list. his fans fill lecture halls, and companies pay big money to hear about his latest observations. >> gladwell: how do you get to be that person who just is completely indifferent to what everyone around you is saying? and you get to be that person if you have been through the absolute worst the world can throw at you and come out fine, right? >> cooper: while readers find his writing accessible and perceptive, his critics say his conclusions can be formulaic and obvious. >> gladwell: i'm not afraid of the obvious. i think the really obvious questions are the great ones. >> cooper: you're a superstar in the world of publishing, and you have a lot of people gunning for you. a lot of people probably would like to see you fail with a book.

you don't feel like a goliath? >> gladwell: well, i'm not lumbering and... am i? i try not to think too much about what has happened in my career and draw too many conclusions about it. i think it's always best if you pretend that you're exactly the same as you always were. and i'm perhaps as befuddled by my success as my critics are. so in that sense, i see eye to eye with them. when they say, "i can't believe gladwell did this." i say, "i can't believe gladwell did that, either. how on earth did that happen?" ( laughter ) >> welcome to the cbs sports update. i'm james brown with scores from around the nfl. today chargers upset the chiefs as philip rivers throws for three scores. the cards win their fourth straight over the colts. panthers come from behind the win their seventh in a row. bucs upset the lion, extending their win to three. baltimore's defense smuggles the

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>> kroft: in the mail-- comments on a story we called "the giving pledge" about billionaires who have committed half their fortunes to philanthropic causes. liberal senator bernie sanders questioned one of the participant's priorities. "'60 minutes' calls wall street billionaire pete peterson a philanthropist. what pete peterson has done is throw hundreds of millions of dollars into lobbying campaigns to cut social security, medicare and disabled veterans' benefits.

that, to my mind, is not philanthropy." some viewers suggested the billionaires watch bob simon's story about the children's orchestra in paraguay and its instruments made of recycled trash. "cannot the billionaires spare a few million to buy instruments for the landfill harmonic?" i'm steve kroft. we'll be back next week with another edition of "60 minutes." captioning funded by cbs and ford captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org [ male announcer ] this is joe woods' first day of work. and his new boss told him two things -- cook what you love, and save your money. joe doesn't know it yet, but he'll work his way up from busser to waiter to chef before opening a restaurant specializing in fish and game from the great northwest. he'll start investing early, he'll find some good people to help guide him, and he'll set money aside from his first day of work to his last, which isn't rocket science. it's just common sense. from td ameritrade. it's just common sense. fby eating healthier, drinking plenty of water,

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previously on "the amazing race" -- six teams continued racing through abu dhabi. starting in last place, nicky and kim dug themselves into a deeper hole. stop, top. >> oh, my god, i'm so mad right now. and travis used their express pass to jump leo and then targeted jamal with a u-turn for lying. >> the fact that they would awes in -- us in our ace and lie to us, it was like whatever. hil: tim and marie head to beauty and then pay back nicky and kim with a u-turn. stunt at the airport cost you a u-turn.